Engeletin alleviates cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced neuroinflammation via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB network

High-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) induces inflammatory injury, and emerging reports suggest that it is critical for brain ischemia reperfusion. Engeletin, a natural Smilax glabra rhizomilax derivative, is reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Herein, we examined the mechanism of engeletin-mediated neuroprotection in rats having transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Male SD rats were induced using a 1.5 h tMCAO, following by reperfusion for 22.5 h. Engeletin (15, 30 or 60 mg/kg) was intravenously administered immediately following 0.5 h of ischemia. Based on our results, engeletin, in a dose-dependent fashion, reduced neurological deficits, infarct size, histopathological alterations, brain edema and inflammatory factors, namely, circulating IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ. Furthermore, engeletin treatment markedly reduced neuronal apoptosis, which, in turn, elevated Bcl-2 protein levels, while suppressing Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3 protein levels. Meanwhile, engeletin significantly reduces overall expressions of HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-κB and attenuated nuclear transfer of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in ischemic cortical tissue. In conclusion, engeletin strongly prevents focal cerebral ischemia via suppression of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory network.     

清栓酶治疗脑梗塞疗效与血浆血栓素A2及前列环素之间的关系

应用清栓酶治疗不同病期脑梗塞３８例,总有效率８６．７％,发病后治疗时间越早,疗效越好。治疗前病人均有不同程度的ＴＸＡ２升高,ＰＧＩ２下降,急性期更为明显,治疗后ＴＸＡ２下降,ＰＧＩ２上升,使失调的ＰＧＩ２－ＴＸＡ２平衡得以恢复     

Caloric Restriction: Conservation of in Vivo Cellular Replicative Capacity Accompanies Life-Span Extension in Mice

In male mice of a long-lived hybrid strain (B6D2F1), long-term 40% caloric restriction (CR) extended both mean and maximum life spans by 36 and 20%, respectively, over that of ad libitum fed (AL) controls. Measurements of entry into S-phase were made in vivo of six different cell types in five different organs using 2-week exposures to BrdU. The labeling index (L.I.) in all organs studied was lower in young CR mice than in young AL fed mice. In most cases, the L.I. in AL mice fell to the levels of that in the CR mice by 13 months of age, and the two groups then remained so through old age. However, when the L.I. was measured in old CR mice which had been placed on the AL diet for a period of 4 weeks (this was termed refeeding (RF)), it was found to be above that of similar age AL or CR mice and almost at the level of young AL mice. This was still true, but to a lesser degree, in a repeat study using an 8-week period of RF. In a separate but parallel in vitro study (companion paper, this volume), the superiority of CR over AL for retention of cellular replication capacity was confirmed by clone size distribution measurements made in several cell types in mice of several age groups. These results indicate that: (1) the rate of cell replication in AL diet mice diminishes greatly by early middle age in all organ sites studied and then plateaus or declines much more slowly; (2) CR broadly preserves in vivo cellular replicative capacity but often requires the energy levels provided by a switch to AL feeding to demonstrate this late in life; (3) accordingly, the replicative deficit in AL fed mice appears to be cumulative and is significant only in old age. The mechanism(s) involved is yet to be discovered but may be related to, or even the same as, that which extends life spans in CR animals. Correspondingly, and with corroborative data from our in vitro companion study, (W. R. Pendergrass et al., 1995. Exp. Cell. Res. 217, 309-316), we suggest that cell populations sustain an accrual of biochemical damage or physiological alterations which increasingly limit their replicative capacity as the animal ages, and that CR reduces the accrual of this damage.     

in vitro generation of IFN-γ-producing Listeria-specific T cells is dependent on IFN-γ production by non-NK cells

In vitro 5-day cultures of naive spleen cells with viable Listeria monocytogenes (VLM), but not heat-killed L. monocytogenes, induced CD4⁺ T cells that produced IFN-γ upon secondary antigen stimulation. The VLM-induced Listeria-specific T cells produced IFN-γ but lacked expression of IL-2 and IL-4. To study the role of IFN-γ in the induction of the IFN-γ-producing T cells, we added anti-IFN-γ mAb to the primary culture and analyzed IFN-γ production upon secondary antigen stimulation. Addition of anti-IFN-γ mAb to the culture suppressed generation of IFN-γ-producing CD4⁺ T cells, suggesting that IFN-γ is important in the induction of IFN-γ-producing CD4⁺ T cells. Furthermore, our results showed that depletion of NK cells from spleen cells by anti-asialo GM1 antibody plus complement before culture enhanced induction of IFN-γ-producing CD4⁺ T cells. Although NK cells are known to produce IFN-γ, the results indicate that NK cell-derived IFN-γ may not be important in induction of the Listeria-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4⁺ T cells in the culture system. In addition, we demonstrated that IFN-γ expression was high in CD4⁺ T cells from cultures of spleen cells with VLM at the primary culture level. These results suggest that IFN-γ derived from T cells may enhance production of IFN-γ by CD4⁺ T cells, while NK cells rather suppress the induction of IFN-γ-producing CD4⁺ T cells.     

东亚大都市学生头型的比较研究

为了研讨居住区域的气候条件和社会经济环境对头型的影响,采用国际通用的人体测量法,调查测量了东亚三个国家四个集团３４７２名６－１７岁学生的头长和头宽,经统计学处理求得其平均值、头指数,回归方程,并作性差和地区差检验,其结果表明：中国大连学生为特圆头型,菲律宾马尼拉学生为圆头型,地理位置在大连和马尼拉之间的日本东京的学生的头型也位于二者之间,生活富裕集团的头长和头宽明显大于生活贫穷集团的学生,但头型二     

Haemodynamic and renin responses to prostacyclin infusion in Na depleted and Na restricted sheep

The haemodynamic and renin responses to prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion were examined in sheep during sodium depletion and dietary sodium restriction. The haemodynamic effects of PGI2 infusion in sodium depleted and sodium restricted sheep were similar to those obtained in the sodium replete animal. The renin proportionate response to PGI2 was not altered by sodium restriction but blunted by sodium depletion, compatible with the hypothesis that endogenous PGI2 is high in Na depletion.     

一株鳢源鰤诺卡氏菌致病性与全基因组分析

【背景】鰤诺卡氏菌是一种典型的条件致病菌,感染鳢、鲈等多种名优鱼类,易造成存在机体损伤或免疫机能下降的鱼持续性感染,给水产养殖业造成了巨大损失。【目的】了解临床分离鳢源鰤诺卡氏菌对乌斑杂交鳢（斑鳢♀×乌鳢♂）的致病性,并从全基因组层面了解该病原菌的基因组和致病因子信息,为鰤诺卡氏菌后续病原学及鰤诺卡氏菌病防治技术和疫苗的开发研究提供有利的数据支撑。【方法】鰤诺卡氏菌NK201610020通过回归感染试验和发病鱼靶器官组织病理分析,了解鰤诺卡氏菌的毒力和病理特征。通过对试验菌进行全基因组测序和比较基因组学分析,挖掘该菌的基因组与毒力特征。【结果】回归感染试验结果显示,除1.5×10³组外,其余5个感染组致死率高达90%,LD₅₀为1.079×10³ CFU/mL,说明试验菌毒力较强。组织病理学观察到肝、脾、肾呈现严重的病理损伤,而且有肉芽肿结构形成。试验菌全基因组测序发现,全基因组大小为8294329bp,GC含量为68.10%,共预测到编码基因7812个。比较基因组学分析发现,不同地区不同宿主来源鰤诺卡氏菌在基因组基础特...     

基于三代测序的食蟹猴Mafa-B等位基因共表达与进化分析

【背景】主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)的多态性在很大程度上会影响生物医学实验的结果,而且特定的MHC-B等位基因与多种疾病的发展进程密切相关。食蟹猴(Macaca fascicularis,Mafa)是一种开展生物医学研究的重要实验动物,与人类相比,目前尚缺乏对食蟹猴Mafa-B等位基因的综合表征。【目的】获得全面的食蟹猴Mafa-B等位基因信息,鉴定Mafa-B等位基因共表达与进化关系。【方法】基于三代测序获得的食蟹猴MHC-B基因组信息,设计特异性引物扩增33只越南食蟹猴群体中的Mafa-B序列,并结合多种生物信息学方法进行分析。【结果】基于92个Mafa-B等位基因信息,鉴定了65个新的Mafa-B等位基因。其中,8个Mafa-B等位基因与其他地理来源的食蟹猴群体中已报道的序列相同,32个Mafa-B等位基因与其他猕猴物种中已报道的序列相同。此外,鉴定了7个高频Mafa-B谱系和7对共表达的Mafa-B等位基因,并检测到了一个潜在的重组事件。进化分析表明不同地理来源的食蟹猴群体Mafa-B序列具有很高的相似性。【结论】越南食蟹猴群体中共表达的Mafa-B等位基因经历了某些抗原的选择,不同地理来源的食蟹猴群体可能微调其Mafa-B序列以适应病原体的选择压力,本文为食蟹猴MHC遗传背景研究奠定了基础。     

2017–2019年我国南方地区高致病性H5N6亚型禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白分子特征分析

【背景】自2014年以来,H5N6禽流感病毒在我国家禽和活禽市场持续进化,成为人类和动物健康的重大威胁。【目的】对2017–2019年中国南方地区93株高致病性H5N6禽流感病毒的HA基因进行分子进化分析。【方法】接种9–11日龄鸡胚分离核酸检测阳性的H5N6标本,运用下一代测序平台对病毒分离物进行全基因组测序,从NCBI和GISAID数据库下载参考序列,利用BLAST、MEGA6.1及Clustal X等软件进行序列分析。【结果】2017–2019年,从189份江苏省H5亚型禽类/环境标本和1名H5N6患者咽拭子标本中共分离到43株病毒,完成了33株H5N6病毒的全基因组测序。下载网上同时期中国其他地区流行的H5N6毒株序列,对总计93株H5N6病毒的HA基因进行分子进化分析。93株H5N6病毒中有78株属于Clade 2.3.4.4h,9株病毒属于Clade 2.3.4.4e,4株H5N6病毒属于Clade 2.3.4.4b,1株属于Clade 2.3.4.4f,1株属于Clade 2.3.4.4g。所有93株病毒HA蛋白的裂解位点含有多个碱性氨基酸,表明它们都属于高致病性禽流感病...