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31.
32.
Sabine Frank Martin Heni Anja Moss Julia von Schnurbein Sadaf Farooqi Hans-Ulrich H?ring Andreas Fritsche Hubert Preissl Martin Wabitsch 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Context
Congenital leptin deficiency, caused by a very rare mutation in the gene encoding leptin, leads to severe obesity, hyperphagia and impaired satiety. The only systemic treatment is the substitution with metreleptin leading to weight reduction based on hormonal changes. Several studies have also shown alterations in brain function after metreleptin therapy. In a previous study, we were able to show changes in homeostatic (hypothalamus) and reward-related brain areas (striatum, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, amygdala) 3 days and 6 months after therapy start in a leptin-deficient adolescent girl. To further access the time course of functional brain activation changes, we followed the patient for 2 years after initiation of the therapy.Design, Patient
Functional magnetic resonance imaging during visual stimulation with food (high- and low-caloric) and non-food pictures was performed 1 and 2 years after therapy start in the previously described patient.Results
The comparison of ‘food vs. non-food’ pictures showed a stabilization of the long-term effects in the amygdala and in the OFC. Therefore, no significant differences were observed between 6 months compared to 12 and 24 months in these regions. Additionally, a reduction of the frontopolar cortex activity over the whole time span was observed. For the comparison of high- and low-caloric pictures, long-term effects in the hypothalamus showed an assimilating pattern for the response to the food categories whereas only acute effects after 3 months were observed in hedonic brain regions.Conclusion
This follow-up study shows that the long lasting benefit of metreleptin therapy is also associated with activation changes in homeostatic, hedonic and frontal control regions in congenital leptin deficiency. 相似文献33.
Hisham Ziauddeen Naresh Subramaniam Victoria C. Cambridge Nenad Medic Ismaa Sadaf Farooqi Paul C. Fletcher 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2014,(85)
A key challenge in studying reward processing in humans is to go beyond subjective self-report measures and quantify different aspects of reward such as hedonics, motivation, and goal value in more objective ways. This is particularly relevant for the understanding of overeating and obesity as well as their potential treatments. In this paper are described a set of measures of food-related motivation using handgrip force as a motivational measure. These methods can be used to examine changes in food related motivation with metabolic (satiety) and pharmacological manipulations and can be used to evaluate interventions targeted at overeating and obesity. However to understand food-related decision making in the complex food environment it is essential to be able to ascertain the reward goal values that guide the decisions and behavioral choices that people make. These values are hidden but it is possible to ascertain them more objectively using metrics such as the willingness to pay and a method for this is described. Both these sets of methods provide quantitative measures of motivation and goal value that can be compared within and between individuals. 相似文献
34.
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36.
Ammad Ahmad Farooqi Nishil N. Desai Muhammad Zahid Qureshi Daniele Rubert Nogueira Librelotto Maria Luisa Gasparri Anupam Bishayee Seyed Mohammad Nabavi Valeria Curti Maria Daglia 《Biotechnology advances》2018,36(1):328-334
A rapidly growing body of experimental evidence has begun to shed light on the wide ranging molecular mechanisms which modulate intra- and inter-cellular communications. A substantial quantity of the available knowledge has only been uncovered in recent years, and we are learning that donor cells release nanovesicles, known as exosomes, which regulate the cellular behavior of recipient cells following uptake. Based on the impressive capacity of exosomes in delivering their “payload”, different therapeutic agents, are currently being tested using this delivery method for more effective therapy. This review summarizes the most recent developments in exosome bioactivities and discusses the biochemical nature of exosomes and their biogenesis. It also summarizes the use of exosomes as delivery vehicles for drugs and natural compounds to the targeted site. 相似文献
37.
S. Haque A. H. A. Farooqi M. M. Gupta R. S. Sangwan A. Khan 《Plant Growth Regulation》2007,51(3):263-269
Pyrethrins and flower yield of pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum
cinerariaefolium Viz.) plants were determined after application of ethrel, chlormequat chloride and paclobutrazol. Ethrel at 50, 100, 250
and 500 mg l−l produced a significant positive effect on pyrethrins level, decreased plant height, while 50 and 100 mg l−l significantly increased fresh and dry flower yield. Chlormequat chloride at 1000 and 2000 mg l−l and paclobutrazol (80 and 160 mg l−l) increased pyrethrins level, single flower weight and decreased plant height and flower yield. 14C-acetate incorporation studies further substantiated positive effect of growth retardants on pyrethrins biosynthesis. The
effect of growth retardants on pyrethrins seems to be mediated through its effect on biosynthesis. 相似文献
38.
Estimating the rate of evolution of the rate of molecular evolution 总被引:35,自引:13,他引:22
A simple model for the evolution of the rate of molecular evolution is
presented. With a Bayesian approach, this model can serve as the basis for
estimating dates of important evolutionary events even in the absence of
the assumption of constant rates among evolutionary lineages. The method
can be used in conjunction with any of the widely used models for
nucleotide substitution or amino acid replacement. It is illustrated by
analyzing a data set of rbcL protein sequences.
相似文献
39.
The effect of caffeine given as pre- and post-treatment in mice exposed to whole-body gamma-irradiation (1.5 Gy 60Co gamma-rays) was studied. The pre-treatment was either acute or chronic. The acute dose (5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg body weight) was in the form of an injection given intraperitoneally, 30 min before irradiation. The chronic administration was in the form of caffeine solution (4.208 x 10(-3) M and 7.72 x 10(-4) M) contained in the drinking water that mice had had ad libitum access to instead of plain drinking water for 5 weeks prior to radiation exposure. The acute pre-treatment with caffeine reduced the radiation-induced frequency of chromosomal aberrations discernibly, whereas the chronic pre-treatment afforded a much more significant degree of radioprotection. The caffeine post-treatment (5 mg/kg and 15 mg body weight) was given in the form of an intraperitoneal injection to the mice immediately following whole-body gamma-irradiation. It is noted that both post-treatment concentrations of caffeine also significantly reduced the frequency of chromosomal aberrations induced by gamma-rays. These data are briefly discussed in terms of possible mechanistic considerations. 相似文献
40.
Kinetin at 10 mg l–1 increased the number of flowers produced on Rosa damascena plants while GA3 inhibited flowering. In the leaves of non-flowering plants GA-like activity was high while specific cytokinin activity (fraction-II) was significantly higher in flowering plants. A novel compound 10- methyldihydrozeatin riboside and isopentenyl-adenine were identified from TLC fraction-II while TLC fraction-I yielded zeatin and 2-hydroxy-6-methylaminopurine.Abbreviations TLC
thin layer chromatography
- BA
N6-benzyladenine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
CIMAP communication No. 92-40J 相似文献