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471.
Roberta Cunha de Oliveira Maria da Conceição Freitas Santos Geraldo Bernardino Tomas Hrbek Izeni Pires Farias 《Hydrobiologia》2018,814(1):75-87
In Europe, the so-called Water Framework Directive was established to achieve a good ecological status of natural water bodies by 2015. In the case of heavily modified and artificial water bodies, the principle of a good ecological potential (GEP) applies. Methods have been developed for the evaluation of natural water bodies. However, these methods do not take the uniqueness of the assessment of heavily modified and artificial water bodies into consideration. On behalf of a working group on water issues of the federal states and the federal government (called LAWA), a nationwide assessment method of the GEP has been developed and its application has been verified within the framework of a practical project. Federal Waterways were not sufficiently considered. Hence we have been prompted to develop an assessment method for heavily modified and artificial water bodies, especially for federal waterways. Nearly 80% of the German federal water bodies are designated as heavily modified and artificial. The inclusion of federal waterways allows the unique characteristics of large rivers to be integrated in the methodological framework. Hereinafter, the results of the first working steps of the investigation as well as the methodological framework will be presented. 相似文献
472.
Acid mine drainage (AMD) continues to threaten water quality in many mining regions globally. Data paucity renders it challenging to inform appropriate water quality management strategies for a succinct scientific understanding of the effects of AMD on freshwater ecosystems. The current study investigated the effects of AMD collected from a defunct coalmine in Mpumalanga, South Africa, on freshwater ecosystems using a risk-based approach on five indigenous species, Adenophlebia auriculata, Burnupia stenochorias, Caridina nilotica, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Oreochromis mossambicus in 2016. Species responded differently to AMD after 96 hours and 240 hours of exposure in static experimental test designs. Burnupia stenochorias was more sensitive to AMD after 96 and 240 hours of exposure, whereas O. mossambicus was tolerant during short-term exposure, but became more sensitive after 240 hours of exposure than the other species tested. The availability of metals in AMD was directly associated with dilution rate. Scenario-specific water quality guidelines for AMD have been derived as 0.122% for short-term and 0.014% for long-term exposure. These may form important indicative dilutions for other AMDs that do not match the scenarios of this study. The toxicity of AMD to a wide range of aquatic species, including field validations, requires further investigation. 相似文献
473.
474.
Valdecir Farias Ximenes Nelson Henrique Morgon Aguinaldo Robinson de Souza 《Chirality》2018,30(9):1049-1053
The electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of naproxen enantiomers were studied as a function of solvents using experimental (circular dichroism) and theoretical (time‐dependent density functional theory) approaches. The (R)‐ and (S)‐naproxen enantiomers presented an unusual inversion in their ECD signals in the presence of ethanol and water when compared with polar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile. From a practical point of view, these findings deserve great attention because these solvents are widely used for high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis in quality control of chiral pharmaceutical drugs. This is particularly relevant to naproxen because the (S)‐naproxen has anti‐inflammatory properties, whereas (R)‐naproxen is hepatotoxic. A time‐dependent density functional theory computer simulation was conducted to investigate the signal inversion using the solvation model based on density, a reparameterization of polarized continuum model. Electronic circular dichroism signals of conformers were calculated by computer simulation and their contribution to the combined spectra obtained according to Boltzmann weighting. It was found that the experimentally observed ECD signal inversion can be associated with the minor or major contribution of different conformers of naproxen. 相似文献
475.
Valdilene S. Ribeiro Edjair V. Cabral Leucio D. Vieira Regina S. Aires Juliane S. Farias Humberto Muzi-Filho Adalberto Vieyra Ana D. Paixão 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2018,1864(7):2458-2471
α-Tocopherol (α-Toc) overload increases the risk of dying in humans (E.R. Miller III et al. Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality Ann Int Med. 142 (2005) 37–46), and overload during early development leads to elevation of blood pressure at adult life, but the mechanism(s) remains unknown. We hypothesized that α-Toc overload during organogenesis affects the renal renin angiotensin system (RAS) components and renal Na+ handling, culminating with late elevated blood pressure. Pregnant Wistar rats received α-Toc or the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol throughout pregnancy. We evaluated components of the intrarenal renin angiotensin system in neonate and juvenile offspring: Ang II-positive cells, Ang II receptors (AT1 and AT2), linked protein kinases, O2? production, NADPH oxidase abundance, lipid peroxidation and activity of Na+-transporting ATPases. In juvenile offspring we followed the evolution of arterial blood pressure. Neonates from α-Toc and tempol mothers presented with accentuated retardment in tubular development, pronounced decrease in glomerular Ang II-positive cells and AT1/AT2 ratio, intense production of O2? and upregulation of the α, ε and λ PKC isoforms. α-Toc decreased or augmented the abundance of renal (Na++K+)ATPase depending on the age and α-Toc dose. In juvenile rats the number of Ang II-positive cells returned to control values as well as PKCα, but co-existing with marked upregulation in the activity of (Na++K+) and Na+-ATPase and elevated arterial pressure at 30?days. We conclude that the mechanisms of these alterations rely on selective targeting of renal RAS components through genic and pro-oxidant effects of the vitamin. 相似文献
476.
Tˆnia Mara Fischer Günther Maicon Roberto Kviecinski Carla Cristine Baron Karina Bettega Felipe Mirelle Sifroni Farias Fabiana Ourique da Silva Nádia Cristina Falcão Bücker Claus Tröger Pich Eduardo Antonio Ferreira Danilo Wilhelm Filho Julien Verrax Pedro Buc Calderon Rozangela Curi Pedrosa 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2013,430(3):883-888
Pharmacological doses of ascorbate were evaluated for its ability to potentiate the toxicity of sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4) in tumor cells. Cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell proliferation, generation of ROS and DNA fragmentation were assessed in T24 cells. Na3VO4 was cytotoxic against T24 cells (EC50 = 5.8 μM at 24 h), but in the presence of ascorbate (100 μM) the EC50 fell to 3.3 μM. Na3VO4 plus ascorbate caused a strong inhibition of cell proliferation (up to 20%) and increased the generation of ROS (4-fold). Na3VO4 did not directly cleave plasmid DNA, at this aspect no synergism was found occurring between Na3VO4 and ascorbate once the resulting action of the combination was no greater than that of both substances administered separately. Cells from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice were used to determine the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the extent of the oxidative damage and the type of cell death. Na3VO4 alone, or combined with ascorbate, increased catalase activity, but only Na3VO4 plus ascorbate increased superoxide dismutase activity (up to 4-fold). Oxidative damage on proteins and lipids was higher due to the treatment done with Na3VO4 plus ascorbate (2–3-fold). Ascorbate potentiated apoptosis in tumor cells from mice treated with Na3VO4. The results indicate that pharmacological doses of ascorbate enhance the generation of ROS induced by Na3VO4 in tumor cells causing inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis. Apoptosis induced by orthovanadate and ascorbate is closer related to inhibition on Bcl-xL and activation of Bax. Our data apparently rule out a mechanism of cell demise p53-dependent or related to Cdk2 impairment. 相似文献
477.
Yoony YJ Gent Karin Weijers Carla FM Molthoff Albert D Windhorst Marc C Huisman Desirée EC Smith Sumith A Kularatne Gerrit Jansen Philip S Low Adriaan A Lammertsma Conny J van der Laken 《Arthritis research & therapy》2013,15(2):R37
Introduction
Detection of (subclinical) synovitis is relevant for both early diagnosis and monitoring of therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previously, the potential of imaging (sub)clinical arthritis was demonstrated by targeting the translocator protein in activated macrophages using (R)-[11C]PK11195 and positron emission tomography (PET). Images, however, also showed significant peri-articular background activity. The folate receptor (FR)-β is a potential alternative target for imaging activated macrophages. Therefore, the PET tracer [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate was synthesized and evaluated in both in vitro and ex vivo studies using a methylated BSA induced arthritis model.Methods
[18F]fluoro-PEG-folate was synthesized in a two-step procedure. Relative binding affinities of non-radioactive fluoro-PEG-folate, folic acid and naturally circulating 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-Me-THF) to FR were determined using KB cells with high expression of FR. Both in vivo [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate PET and ex vivo tissue distribution studies were performed in arthritic and normal rats and results were compared with those of the established macrophage tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195.Results
[18F]fluoro-PEG-folate was synthesized with a purity >97%, a yield of 300 to 1,700 MBq and a specific activity between 40 and 70 GBq/µmol. Relative in vitro binding affinity for FR of F-PEG-folate was 1.8-fold lower than that of folic acid, but 3-fold higher than that of 5-Me-THF. In the rat model, [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate uptake in arthritic knees was increased compared with both contralateral knees and knees of normal rats. Uptake in arthritic knees could be blocked by an excess of glucosamine-folate, consistent with [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate being specifically bound to FR. Arthritic knee-to-bone and arthritic knee-to-blood ratios of [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate were increased compared with those of (R)-[11C]PK11195. Reduction of 5-Me-THF levels in rat plasma to those mimicking human levels increased absolute [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate uptake in arthritic joints, but without improving target-to-background ratios.Conclusions
The novel PET tracer [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate, designed to target FR on activated macrophages provided improved contrast in a rat model of arthritis compared with the accepted macrophage tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195. These results warrant further exploration of [18F]fluoro-PEG-folate as a putative PET tracer for imaging (sub)clinical arthritis in RA patients. 相似文献478.
Carolina Nör Felipe A. Sassi Caroline Brunetto de Farias Gilberto Schwartsmann Ana Lucia Abujamra Guido Lenz Algemir Lunardi Brunetto Rafael Roesler 《Molecular neurobiology》2013,48(3):533-543
Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in epigenetic mechanisms regulating chromatin state play a role in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, which increase chromatin relaxation, have been shown to display anticancer activities. Here we show that the HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) markedly increases cell death and reduces colony formation in human MB cell lines. In addition, NaB increased the mRNA expression of Gria2, a neuronal differentiation marker, in D283 and DAOY cells and reduced the number of neurospheres in D283 cell cultures. Finally, NaB reduced the viability of D283 cells when combined with etoposide. These data show that NaB displays pronounced inhibitory effects on the survival of human MB cells and suggest that NaB might potentiate the effects of etoposide. In addition, our study suggests that HDAC inhibition might promote the neuronal differentiation of MB cells and provides the first evidence that an HDAC inhibitor might suppress the expansion or survival of MB cancer stem cells. 相似文献
479.
Rômulo Farias Carneiro Arthur Alves de Melo Fernando Edson Pessoa do Nascimento Clareane Avelino Simplicio Kyria Santiago do Nascimento Bruno Anderson Matias da Rocha Silvana Saker‐Sampaio Raniere da Mata Moura Sula Salani Mota Benildo Sousa Cavada Celso Shiniti Nagano Alexandre Holanda Sampaio 《Journal of molecular recognition : JMR》2013,26(1):51-58
Two new lectins named Halilectin 1 (H‐1) and Halilectin 2 (H‐2) were isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona caerulea using a combination of affinity chromatography on stroma fixed onto Sephadex G‐25 and cation and anion exchange chromatography. H‐1 is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 40 kDa estimated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 15 kDa estimated using a TSK gel. Conversely, H‐2 is a homodimeric protein with 15 kDa monomers linked via weak interactions. H‐1 more effectively agglutinates trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes, whereas H‐2 more effectively agglutinates native rabbit erythrocytes. The hemagglutinating activity of H‐1 could be not inhibited by any tested sugars, but H‐2 was inhibited by orosomucoid and porcine stomach mucin. Neither lectin was dependent on divalent ions. H‐1 was stable at basic pH range and temperatures up to 50 °C, whereas H‐2 was stable at acid pH range and temperatures up to 80 °C. The H. caerulea lectins exhibited dose‐dependent toxicity against Artemia nauplii. Additionally, 76% of the primary structure of H‐2 was determined using tandem mass spectrometry to contain a unique amino acid sequence with no similarity to any members of the animal lectin family. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
480.
Rodolfo Thomé Adriel S. Moraes André Luis Bombeiro Alessandro dos Santos Farias Carolina Francelin Thiago Alves da Costa Rosária Di Gangi Leonilda Maria Barbosa dos Santos Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira Liana Verinaud 《PloS one》2013,8(6)