铅对水稻植物激素含量的影响

目的:研究铅对水稻植物激素含量的影响.方法:以湘早籼24和八两优100为材料,通过盆栽试验,采用高效液相色谱法测定不同浓度铅处理下水稻根和叶中植物激素的含量.结果:在低浓度铅胁迫下,湘早籼24叶中GA1和CTK含量以及与ABA比值、八两优100叶中GA1和IAA含量以及与ABA比值均增加,两个品种根中GA1和IAA含量以及与ABA比值增加、而ABA含量均有降低趋势.在高浓度铅胁迫下,两个品种的叶和根中GA1、IAA和CTK含量以及与ABA比值均降低;根中ABA含量增加.两个品种叶中ABA含量均随铅处理浓度的增加而增加.结论:低浓度铅能促进水稻的生长发育,而在高浓度铅胁迫下,水稻的生长发育受到抑制,这些作用与其差异调节水稻体内多种植物激素含量和激素间比值有关.     

Effects of Revegetation on Soil Microbial Biomass,Enzyme Activities,and Nutrient Cycling on the Loess Plateau in China

Revegetation is a traditional practice widely used for soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau in China. However, there has been a lack of reports on soil microbial–biochemical indices required for a comprehensive evaluation of the success of revegetation systems. In this study, we examined the effects of revegetation on major soil nutrients and microbial–biochemical properties in an artificial alfalfa grassland, an enclosed natural grassland, and an artificial shrubland (Caragana korshinskii), with an abandoned cropland as control. Results showed that at 0–5, 5–20, and 20–40 cm depths, soil organic carbon, alkaline extractable nitrogen and available potassium were higher in natural grassland and artificial shrubland compared with artificial grassland and abandoned cropland. Soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) and phosphorous (Pmic) substantially decreased with depth at all sites, and in abandoned cropland was significantly lower than those of natural grassland, artificial grassland, and artificial shrubland at the depth of 0–5 cm. Soil microbial biomass N (Nmic) was higher in artificial shrubland and abandoned cropland compared with that in natural and artificial grasslands. Both Cmic and Pmic were significantly different between the 23‐year‐old and the 13‐year‐old artificial shrublands at the 0–5 cm depth. The activities of soil invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase in natural grassland and artificial shrubland were higher than those in artificial grassland and abandoned cropland. This study demonstrated that the regeneration of both natural grassland and artificial shrubland effectively preserved and enhanced soil microbial biomass and major nutrient cycling, thus is an ecologically beneficial practice for recovery of degraded soils on the Loess Plateau.     

外科深部真菌感染的病原学分析

目的分析外科住院患者合并真菌感染状况。方法分离的真菌用API 20C AUX真菌鉴定条,用ATB FUNGUS-2进行药敏试验。结果真菌的种类分布中第1位是白色念珠菌占53%,第2位是热带念珠菌占20%,第3位是光滑念珠菌占14%,第4位是近平滑念珠菌占4%,第5位是其余念珠菌占2%;真菌在外科各区分布中,外科ICU占42%,移植外科占25%;真菌在各类标本分布中,痰占43%,尿液占13%,粪便占10%,引流液占9%,血液占7%;真菌对药物5-氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、氟康唑、伊曲康唑的药物敏感性分别是93%、98.9%、90.8%、59.8%。结论外科真菌感染集中在重症病区(ICU),分离的致病真菌主要是白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌,真菌对两性霉素B敏感性最高。     

黄瓜雄花形成过程中心皮的发育

黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)为重要的经济作物,雌雄同株异花,是研究植物性别分化的经典材料。人们对黄瓜性别分化进行了广泛的研究。Astmon和Galun、任吉君和王艳对黄瓜性别分化的形态特征和器官发生进行了初步研究,表明黄瓜单性花分化和发育过程中经历了无性期、两性期和单性期,最终只有一种性别的性器官原基发育成有功能的性器官,从而形成单性花,而对单性花中未形成有功能器官的相反性别原基的研究报道甚少。我们对雄花发育过程进行了连续的形态学分析,并对不同时期雄花中的心皮进行了细胞计数和同工酶电泳分析,以期从性器官发育的角度探讨黄瓜性别表现的机理。     

胰腺干细胞生物学特性研究进展

胰腺干细胞是一类来源于胎儿或成年胰腺组织中的成体干细胞.多数研究认为胰腺干细胞体外培养时,贴壁生长,呈多角形上皮样,具有较高的扩增性;表达胰腺发育过程中的一些决定因子Pdx1、HNF3β、Ngn3、Th及Isll等,还共表达胰腺终末细胞释放的激素glucagon、insulin等,甚至共表达来源于其它胚层细胞的表达物CK19、nestin等;具有多分化潜能,其特点是在自然分化过程中,优先分化为胰腺组织细胞,在特定的条件下,也可转分化为其它组织细胞.胰腺干细胞生物学的不断深入研究,为分离、克隆胰腺干细胞及定向诱导其分化为功能性胰岛移植治疗人类糖尿病奠定了基础.     

Facilitation promotes invasions in plant‐associated microbial communities

While several studies have established a positive correlation between community diversity and invasion resistance, it is less clear how species interactions within resident communities shape this process. Here, we experimentally tested how antagonistic and facilitative pairwise interactions within resident model microbial communities predict invasion by the plant–pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. We found that facilitative resident community interactions promoted and antagonistic interactions suppressed invasions both in the lab and in the tomato plant rhizosphere. Crucially, pairwise interactions reliably explained observed invasion outcomes also in multispecies communities, and mechanistically, this was linked to direct inhibition of the invader by antagonistic communities (antibiosis), and to a lesser degree by resource competition between members of the resident community and the invader. Together, our findings suggest that the type and strength of pairwise interactions can reliably predict the outcome of invasions in more complex multispecies communities.     

小鼠生精细胞染色质与染色体构筑的扫描电镜研究(简报)

正常情况下,染色质和染色体在细胞内呈高度致密状态,在光镜和透射电镜下常呈浓染的斑块状。由于方法学上的困难,至今对染色质乃至染色体的微细结构,仍缺乏清楚的了解。特别是关于染色质如何凝缩形成染色体方面,现仍存在有争论。扫描电镜的冷冻割断技术,曾被用于对游离细胞间期核染色质的观察,并取得了较好的