原癌基因c-erbB_2在原始卵泡启动生长中的作用

目的:探讨原癌基因c-erbB2在原始卵泡启动生长中表达变化及可能的作用。方法:选用2日龄SD大鼠卵巢在Waymouth培养体系中进行体外培养,用原位杂交、RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测c-erbB2mRNA和蛋白在原始卵泡启动生长中及在表皮生长因子(EGF)作用下的表达情况,用Westernblot方法同步测定卵泡活化生长的重要标志物——增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(p-ERK1/2)的表达情况,并分析p-ERK1/2与c-erbB2mRNA表达变化的相关关系。结果:伴随原始卵泡启动生长过程,PCNA表达逐渐增加,EGF能促进原始卵泡的增殖和分化;原始卵泡中有c-erbB2mRNA及蛋白的表达,且随原始卵泡的启动生长及在EGF作用下表达增强;RT-PCR结果显示,c-erbB2mRNA表达在2日龄大鼠卵巢培养8d后与培养0d相比显著增加(0.297±0.018vs0.178±0.011,P0.05),并在EGF作用下进一步增强;p-ERK1/2含量的变化与c-erbB2mRNA表达的变化呈显著的正相关关系(rs=0.900,P0.05)。结论:c-erbB2在原始卵泡启动生长中起重要促进作用,并为介导EGF促进原始卵泡启动生长的关键信号分子;ERK-MAPK信号通路可能在介导c-erbB2调控原始卵泡生长中起作用。     

温度对白条锦蛇代谢率和不同组织ATP酶活性的影响

测定了不同温度条件下白条锦蛇Elaphe dione的代谢率以及骨骼肌、心肌和脑3种组织ATP酶的活性.结果 表明.温度从5℃上升到35℃,白条锦蛇代谢率随着温度的升高逐渐升高;但不同组织ATP酶活性在温度从28℃上升到35℃均逐渐下降.ATP酶活性的最适温度为28℃.ATP酶最适温度与白条锦蛇所喜好的温度有很大的相关性.     

Trans-SILAC: sorting out the non-cell-autonomous proteome

Non-cell-autonomous proteins are incorporated into cells that form tight contacts or are invaded by bacteria, but identifying the full repertoire of transferred proteins has been a challenge. Here we introduce a quantitative proteomics approach to sort out non-cell-autonomous proteins synthesized by other cells or intracellular pathogens. Our approach combines stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), high-purity cell sorting and bioinformatics analysis to identify the repertoire of relevant non-cell-autonomous proteins. This 'trans-SILAC' method allowed us to discover many proteins transferred from human B to natural killer cells and to measure biosynthesis rates of Salmonella enterica proteins in infected human cells. Trans-SILAC should be a useful method to examine protein exchange between different cells of multicellular organisms or pathogen and host.     

基于MaxEnt模型预测中国兰属植物的分布格局及主导气候因子(附表)

兰属(Cymbidium)中，除了兔耳兰C.lancifolium以外的所有种均被列为国家重点保护野生植物。为探究其在未来气候条件下的潜在分布格局，该研究基于兰属植物已知的分布点和19个气候因子，利用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型和地理信息系统(ArcGIS)模拟兰属以及其中20种兰属植物在9种不同气候情景(当代以及未来2030s、2050s、2070s和2090s 4个时间段各两种温室气体排放情景)下的潜在分布格局。结果表明：(1)最干旱季降水量(Bio17)、年降水量(Bio12)和温度季节性变化(Bio4)是影响兰属植物地理分布格局的主导气候因子。(2)不同兰属植物在未来情景下的适生区表现出不同的变化趋势，并且影响其分布的主导气候因子也有所不同。其中，冬凤兰(C.dayanum)等8个物种的适生区面积整体呈扩张趋势，而西藏虎头兰(C.tracyanum)等12个物种的适生区面积整体则呈缩减趋势。该研究结果为兰属植物就地保护与迁地保护提供了重要参考，对兰属等濒危野生植物的保护具有积极意义。     

中国苦苣苔科植物濒危现状与多样性保护(附表)

截至2021年12月31日，中国已知苦苣苔科植物共有805种(含种下等级，下同),隶属于45个属，主要分布在我国西南至华南地区，其中特有种和狭域种十分丰富。由于苦苣苔科大部分种类仅适应于某些特化的微生境，因此极易因自身原因和外界因素的干扰而致危。为更好地了解中国苦苣苔科已知物种的濒危风险，该研究在查阅相关文献且结合最近发表的新分类群中关于濒危等级评估的相关内容，辅以近年来实地调查掌握的第一手资料，对中国苦苣苔科已知物种的濒危等级进行了统计分析和重新评估。同时，依托中国野生植物保护协会苦苣苔专业委员会、广西植物研究所国家苦苣苔科种质资源库和中国苦苣苔科植物保育中心平台，首次创新了从新种发现和发表到濒危状况评估、即时启动保育和园艺新品种培育同步进行的物种保护新模式。分析结果表明，有必要提高政府相关部门对苦苣苔科植物多样性保护的重视程度。因此，建议：(1)进一步加强对中国苦苣苔科植物种质资源保护紧迫性的认识；(2)针对濒危的尤其是被评估为极危(CR)和濒危(EN)的类群开展“抢救性”保护、迁地与就地保护和野外回归；(3)积极开展新品种培育等方面的研究。以上结果和建议是将来苦苣苔科植物多样性保...     

Inulinase-producing Marine Yeasts: Evaluation of their Diversity and Inulin Hydrolysis by Their Crude Enzymes

Total 427 yeast strains from seawater, sediments, mud of salterns, guts of the marine fish, and marine algae were obtained. After inulinase activity of the yeast cultures was estimated, we found that four strains (OUC1, G7a, OUC2, and G7a1) of the marine yeasts grown in the medium with inulin could secrete a large amount of inulinase into the medium. The results of routine identification and molecular methods show that they belong to Pichia guilliermondii OUC1, Cryptococcus aureus G7a, Yarrowia lipolytica OUC2, and Debaryomyces hansenii G7a1, respectively. The optimal pHs of inulinase activity produced by them were 6.0, 5.0, 5.0, and 5.0, respectively, while the optimal temperatures of inulinase activity produced by them were 60°, 50°, 60°, and 50°C, respectively. A large amount of monosaccharides and a trace amount of oligosaccharides were detected after the hydrolysis by the crude inulinase produced by P. guilliermondii OUC1, indicating that the crude inulinase had a high exoinulinase activity while a large amount of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides were detected after inulin hydrolysis by the crude inulinase produced both by C. aureus G7a and D. hansenii G7a1. However, no monosaccharides and disaccharides were detected after inulin hydrolysis by the crude inulinase produced by Y. lipolytica OUC2, suggesting that the crude inulinase had no exoinulinase activity.     

DNA-fiber EPR investigation of the influence of amino-terminal residue stereochemistry on the DNA binding orientation of Cu(II).Gly-Gly-His-derived metallopeptides

DNA fiber EPR was used to investigate the DNA binding stabilities and orientations of Cu(II).Gly-Gly-His-derived metallopeptides containing D- vs. L-amino acid substitutions in the first peptide position. This examination included studies of Cu(II).D-Arg-Gly-His and Cu(II).D-Lys-Gly-His for comparison to metallopeptides containing L-Arg/Lys substitutions, and also the diastereoisomeric pairs Cu(II).D/L-Pro-Gly-His and Cu(II).D/L-Pro-Lys-His. Results indicated that L-Arg/Lys to D-Arg/Lys substitutions considerably randomized the orientation of the metallopeptides on DNA, whereas the replacement of L-Pro by D-Pro in Cu(II).L-Pro-Gly-His caused a decrease in randomness. The difference in the extent of randomness observed between the D- vs. L-Pro-Gly-His complexes was diminished through the substitution of Gly for Lys in the middle peptide position, supporting the notion that the epsilon-amino group of Lys triggered further randomization, likely through hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions that disrupt binding of the metallopeptide equatorial plane and the DNA. The relationship between the stereochemistry of amino acid residues and the binding and reaction of M(II).Xaa-Xaa'-His metallopeptides with DNA are also discussed.     

Transport of Intranasally Instilled Fine Fe2O3 Particles into the Brain: Micro-distribution, Chemical States, and Histopathological Observation

It has been demonstrated that inhaled fine (d < 2.5 μm) and ultrafine (d < 100 nm) particles produce more severe toxicity than coarse particles. Some recent data support the concept that the central nervous system (CNS) may be a target for the inhaled fine particulates. This work describes initial observation of the transport of intranasally instilled fine ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) particles in animal brain. The iron micro-distribution and chemical state in the mice olfactory bulb and brain stem on day 14 after intranasal instillation of fine Fe₂O₃ particle (280 ± 80 nm) suspension at a single dose of 40 mg/kg body weight were analyzed by synchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence and x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). The micro-distribution map of iron in the olfactory bulb and brain stem shows an obvious increase of Fe contents in the olfactory nerve and the trigeminus of brain stem, suggesting that Fe₂O₃ particles were possibly transported via uptake by sensory nerve endings of the olfactory nerve and trigeminus. The XANES results indicate that the ratios of Fe (III)/Fe (II) were increased in the olfactory bulb and brain stem. The further histopathological observation showed that the neuron fatty degeneration occurred in the CA3 area of hippocampus. Such results imply an adverse impact of inhalation of fine Fe₂O₃ particles on CNS.