长白猪、枫泾猪和它们的杂种后代Ag—NOR的研究

4头枫泾猪,3头长白猪和5头长白×枫泾杂一代的NOR平均数分别为3.88、2和2.95。33头长白×枫泾杂二代猪(杂一代互交后代),其中7头黑猪的NOR众数为4,平均数为3.85;9头白猪的NOR众数为2,平均数为2.25;14头白猪的NOR众数为3,平均数为2.86;3头花猪的NOR众数分别为4.3、3,平均数为3.65、3.00和3.08。根据长白、枫泾和长白×枫泾杂一代和杂二代的NOR数目的区别和变化,NOR的遗传符合孟德尔定律。根据NOR数目与毛色的高度相关,提出了决定猪的黑白毛色的基因位于8号染色体并与NOR连锁的假设。猪的毛色除由位于8号染色体上的毛色基因所决定外,还应受其它基因位点的影响。     

Determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma by precolumn derivatization using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: its application to a bioequivalence study

A simple, rapid, selective and specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection was developed for determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma and application to a bioequivalence in healthy volunteers. Precipitation of plasma was accomplished with acetonitrile to separate interfering endogenous products from the compound of interest. After vortex mixing and centrifugation, the supernatant was transferred and derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride-acetonitrile solution in borate buffer (pH=8.0) at 30 degrees C for 30 min. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (150.0 mmx4.6 mm, 5 microm) with a mobile phase gradient consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The method was linear in the range of 0.1-10.0 microg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9996. The limit of detection was 15 ng/mL. Inter- and intra-day precisions were 相似文献   

Halogen Engineering for Operationally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Sequential Deposition

The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) relies on the synthesis method and chemical composition of the perovskite materials. So far, PSCs that have adopted two‐step sequential deposited perovskite with the state‐of‐art composition (FAPbI₃)_1?x(MAPbBr₃)_x (x < 0.05) have achieved record power conversion efficiency (PCE), while their one‐step antisolvent dripping counterparts with typical composition Cs_0.05FA_0.81MA_0.14Pb(I_0.85Br_0.15)₃ with more bromine have exhibited much better long‐term operational stability. Thus, halogen engineering that aims to elevate bromine content in sequential deposited perovskite film would push operational stability of PSCs toward that of antisolvent dripping deposited perovskite materials. Here, a Br‐rich seeding growth method is devised and perovskite seed solution with high bromine content is introduced into a PbI₂ precursor, leading to bromine incorporation in the resulting perovskite film. Photovoltaic devices fabricated by Br‐rich seeding growth method exhibit a PCE of 21.5%, similar to 21.6% for PSCs having lower bromine content. Whereas, the operational stability of PSCs with higher bromine content is significantly enhanced, with over 80% of initial PCE retained after 500 h tracking at maximum power point under 1‐sun illumination. This work highlights the vital importance of halogen composition for the operational stability of PSCs, and introduces an effective way to incorporate bromine into mixed‐cation‐halide perovskite film via sequential deposition method.     

Synergistic interactions between Glomus mosseae and Bradyrhizobium japonicum in enhancing proton release from nodules and hyphae

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seedlings were inoculated with Glomus mosseae (GM) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BJ) together or separately to study the effect of interactions on net H⁺ effluxes of nodules or extraradical hyphae by in vivo vibrating electrode techniques. GM promoted three-fold the H⁺ effluxes of nodules on mycorrhizal lateral roots and BJ increased eight-fold the net H⁺ effluxes of hyphae developing in the vicinity of nodules on lateral roots. Increments in plant P content were positively and linearly correlated with the net H⁺ efflux of nodules and hyphae. It is concluded that increased H⁺ effluxes of nodules resulted from enhanced nitrogenase activities induced by the presence of the AM fungus in lateral roots. The results point to additive effects of interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia in increasing the extent of acidification of the “nodulesphere” and the hyposphere.     

Uncoupling and turnover in a Cl-/H+ exchange transporter

The CLC-family protein CLC-ec1, a bacterial homologue of known structure, stoichiometrically exchanges two Cl(-) for one H(+) via an unknown membrane transport mechanism. This study examines mutations at a conserved tyrosine residue, Y445, that directly coordinates a Cl(-) ion located near the center of the membrane. Mutations at this position lead to "uncoupling," such that the H(+)/Cl(-) transport ratio decreases roughly with the volume of the substituted side chain. The uncoupled proteins are still able to pump protons uphill when driven by a Cl(-) gradient, but the extent and rate of this H(+) pumping is weaker in the more uncoupled variants. Uncoupling is accompanied by conductive Cl(-) transport that is not linked to counter-movement of H(+), i.e., a "leak." The unitary Cl(-) transport rate, measured in reconstituted liposomes by both a conventional initial-velocity method and a novel Poisson dilution approach, is approximately 4,000 s(-1) for wild-type protein, and the uncoupled mutants transport Cl(-) at similar rates.     

Caragana korshinskii seedlings maintain positive photosynthesis during short-term,severe drought stress

Seedling performance may determine plant distribution, especially in water-limited environments. Plants of Caragana korshinskii commonly grow in arid and semiarid areas in northwestern China, and endure water shortage in various ways, but little is known about their performance when water shortage occurs at early growth stages. The water relations, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll (Chl) content and proline accumulation were determined in 1-year-old seedlings growing in a 1:1 mixture of Loess soil and Perlite and subjected to (1) a water deficit for 20 days and (2) kept adequately watered throughout. The water deficit induced low (−6.1 MPa) predawn leaf water potentials (LWP), but did not induce any leaf abscission. Stomatal conductance (g _s), leaf transpiration rate (E), and net photosynthetic rate (P _N) decreased immediately following the imposition of the water deficit, while the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (F_v/F_m) and the effective quantum yield of PSII (Φ_PSII) decreased 15 days later. An early and rapid decrease in g _s, reduced E, increased Chl (a+b) loss, increased the apparent rate of photochemical transport of electrons through PSII (ETR)/P _N, as well as a gradual increase in non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ) and proline may have contributed to preventing Φ_PSII from photodamage. C. korshinskii seedlings used a stress-tolerance strategy, with leaf maintenance providing a clear selective advantage, considering the occasional rainfall events during the growing season.     

蛙类下丘脑—脑垂体—性腺轴的内分泌调节

本文从“下丘脑－脑垂本－性腺”轴方面,综述了蛙类生殖内分泌学研究领域所限得的主要成就和研究进展。对于今后的工作,从理论和生产方面提出了一些看法。     

Organization and assembly of the TRAPPII complex

Current models suggest that TRAPP tethering complexes exist in two forms. Whereas the seven-subunit TRAPPI complex mediates ER-to-Golgi transport, TRAPPII contains three additional subunits (Trs65, Trs120 and Trs130) and is required for distinct tethering events at Golgi membranes. It is not clear how TRAPPII assembly is regulated. Here, we show that Tca17 is a fourth TRAPPII-specific component, and that Trs65 and Tca17 interact with distinct domains of Trs130 and make different contributions to complex assembly. Whereas Tca17 promotes the stable association of TRAPPII-specific subunits with the core complex, Trs65 stabilizes TRAPPII in an oligomeric form. We show that Trs85, which was previously reported to be a subunit of both TRAPPI and TRAPPII, is not associated with the TRAPPII complex in yeast. However, we find that proteins related to Trs85, Trs65 and Tca17 are part of the same TRAPP complex in mammalian cells. These findings have implications for models of TRAPP complex formation and suggest that TRAPP complexes may be organized differently in yeast and mammals.     

Beneficial Effects of Calcitriol on Hypertension,Glucose Intolerance,Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Vascular Relaxation,and Visceral Adiposity in Fructose-Fed Hypertensive Rats

Besides regulating calcium homeostasis, the effects of vitamin D on vascular tone and metabolic disturbances remain scarce in the literature despite an increase intake with high-fructose corn syrup worldwide. We investigated the effects of calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, on vascular relaxation, glucose tolerance, and visceral fat pads in fructose-fed rats. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6 per group). Group Con: standard chow diet for 8 weeks; Group Fru: high-fructose diet (60% fructose) for 8 weeks; Group Fru-HVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, high-dose calcitriol treatment (20 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding; and Group Fru-LVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, low-dose calcitriol treatment (10 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding. Systolic blood pressure was measured twice a week by the tail-cuff method. Blood was examined for serum ionized calcium, phosphate, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Intra-peritoneal glucose intolerance test, aortic vascular reactivity, the weight of visceral fat pads, adipose size, and adipose angiotensin II levels were analyzed at the end of the study. The results showed that the fructose-fed rats significantly developed hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, heavier weight and larger adipose size of visceral fat pads, and raised adipose angiotensin II expressions compared with the control rats. High- and low-dose calcitriol reduced modestly systolic blood pressure, increased endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation, ameliorated glucose intolerance, reduced the weight and adipose size of visceral fat pads, and lowered adipose angiotensin II expressions in the fructose-fed rats. However, high-dose calcitriol treatment mildly increased serum ionized calcium levels (1.44 ± 0.05 mmol/L). These results suggest a protective role of calcitriol treatment on endothelial function, glucose tolerance, and visceral adiposity in fructose-fed rats.     

甘露醇对渗透胁迫下的鱼腥藻(Anabaena)固氮活性的增效作用

外源甘露醇可在一定程度上增强鱼腥藻Anabaenasp．7120固氮的抗渗透胁迫能力．厌氧（Ar中）、能量供应受阻（暗处理、添加ATP形成的抑制剂）、合成固氮酶蛋白所需物质供应不足（单加N2不加CO2）以及分子氧下,甘露醇的有益作用减小或消失,反之（正常光照、通气环境、提高CO2浓度,同时供应H2和O2或CO2和N2）则这一作用增大。渗透胁迫下,外源蔗糖对甘露醇支持蓝藻固氮的作用不明显。