瓜子金皂甙丙和丁的化学结构研究

自草药瓜子金(Polygala japonica Houtt)地上部分又分离得到两种皂甙,即瓜子金皂甙丙和皂甙丁,它们的分子式均为 C_(42)H_(68)O_(15),为同分异构物。两者酸水解均得瓜子金皂甙元和 D-葡萄糖,但碱水解时,只有皂甙丁可被水解,产物和酸水解相同。经~1HNMR,~(13)CNMR,MS 推定它们的结构式,瓜子金皂甙丙为3-O-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖]瓜子金皂甙元;而瓜子金皂甙丁为28-O-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖]瓜子金皂甙元。上述两种皂甙均为新化合物。     

云南景颇族的体质特征

本文调查了云南景颇族261人（男105人,女156人）。年龄为成年人（男24－60岁,女23－55岁）。主要测量均值与现代中国汉族和云南省各少数民族比较和聚类分析的结果表明,景颇族属黄种人的东亚类型,但也有南亚类型特征表现。体质特征与傣族、哈尼族和彝族接近,与基诺族和布郎族较远。     

皖南、赣北奥陶纪笔石立体标本形成环境的初步研究*

皖南、赣东北和赣西北地区奥陶纪笔石地层发育良好,笔石化石丰富。宁国组和胡乐组均为笔石相地层,但笔石的保存特点并不相同。立体保存的黄铁矿化笔石标本主要见于宁国组,而胡乐组的笔石几乎均为薄膜标本。在比较宁国组和胡乐组在岩性、颜色、化石、矿物和元素等方面的特点后发现,两者有较明显的差异。这表明宁国组和胡乐组形成时的环境是不同的,前者为弱还原环境,后者为较强的还原环境,而在研究区内影响笔石体立体保存的主要因素为还原环境和较高的铁含量。在还原环境下,铁可呈Fe~(2+)存在,笔石体内含有硫,死亡后经降解作用可生成H_2S;H_2S和Fe~(2+)结合可使笔石体黄铁矿化,从而使笔石体硬化而呈立体保存下来。宁国组的铁含量明显高于胡乐组,这似可以解释宁国组产有较多笔石立体标本的原因。     

Identification of a crotoxin-binding protein in membranes from guinea pig brain by photoaffinity labeling

Crotoxin is a neurotoxic phospholipase A₂ capable of blocking synaptic transmission by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters. The photoaffinity labeling technique was used to identify the neural membrane molecules involved in the binding of crotoxin. A photoactivatable, radioactive derivative of crotoxin was synthesized by reacting crotoxin withN-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate and with Na[¹²⁵I]. Photoirradiation of synaptosomes from guinea pig brains in the presence of the crotoxin derivative resulted in the formation of a major radioactive conjugate of 100,000 daltons as revealed by autoradiography of a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern. Pretreatment of the synaptosomes with trypsin,Staphylococcus aureus protease, or papain prevented the formation of this conjugate. The conjugate was not detected when plasma membranes from several nonneural tissues replaced the brain synaptosomes. Unmodified crotoxin inhibited the formation of this adduct with an IC₅₀ of about 10^–8 M. Mojave toxin, caudoxin, notexin,Naja naja PLA, and taipoxin also inhibited adduct formation with different potencies, while -bungarotoxin and pancreatic PLA were ineffective. We concluded that an 85,000-dalton protein is the major component responsible for the binding of crotoxin to synaptosomal membranes.On leave from Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii.     

流域开发生态建设发展战略

以往研究流域开发战略问题,多从流域内资源的开发利用方面考虑,而衡量其方案的优劣也多以经济效益的大小为准绳。现在,环境污染与生态危机已威胁着人类的生存与发展,因此在研究流域战略问题时,必须开拓思路,     

31例非特异性阴道炎病人阴道微生物群的研究

本文对31例非特异性阴道炎病人和31例正常人阴道微生物群进行定性、定量分析.结果表明,阴道炎病人的阴道乳杆菌的平均浓度明显低于正常人,而肠杆菌科、葡萄球菌、棒状杆菌、类杆菌属、支原体却明显增多,阴道炎病人未发现特异性病原体,菌群失调可能是其发病因素。乳杆菌为阴道正常优势菌,对改善阴道的微环境,防止条件致病菌引起的内源性感染具有重要的生理作用。     

Na~(+)、Ca~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)与HSA相互作用的~(23)(Na)-NMR研究

 本文应用~23Na-NMR波谱技术,研究了Na~(+)、Ca~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)与人体血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用。在实验基础上,通过引入两位快交换模型,拟合计算获得了Na~(+)与HSA相互作用的结合常数和处于结合状态Na~(+)的相关时间;实验表明Ca~(2+)能与Na~(+)竞争同HSA结合,拟合计算获得了两者与HSA相互作用结合常数的比值,棕榈酸钠能增强Ca~(2+)同Na~(+)竞争与HSA结合的能力;从实验上未能观察到Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)能同Na~(+)竞争与HSA相互作用的证据。     

冬虫夏草多糖的分子结构与免疫活性

 冬虫夏草多糖(在本文中名为CS-81002)是由冬虫夏草菌Cordyceps sinensis(Berk)Sacc在人工发酵条件下产生的胞外多糖。用凝胶过滤法测出CS-81002的分子量Mr=43kD。CS-81002的单糖组成为Man:Gal:Glc=10.3:3.6:1。甲基化分析和部份酸水解结果表明,CS-81002是多分支的杂多糖,由→6)-Manp-(1→形成主链,大约每10个主链Man残基中,有6个在C3位上被取代(即形成→3,6)-Manp-(1→分支),有4个在位C2上被取代(即形成→2,6-Manp-(1→分支),从而形成侧链。主链中还有少许未被取代的Man残基。侧链则由→3-)-Galf-(1→,→4)-Glcf-(1→,→4)-Manp-(1→和→2)-Manp-(1→组成。位于非还原末端的,则三种单糖残基都有。CS-81002在5mg/kg体重×12剂量条件下,对正常的昆明小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能有显著促进作用。在同样剂量条件下,对正常LACA小鼠脾脏溶血斑形成细胞(PFC)对绵羊红细胞的溶血作用无显著影响。不同程度的部份酸水解可使CS-81002的分子量下降,分支减少,并且对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的促进作用亦有下降趋势。在所得到的各个部份酸水解级分(分子量分别为41000,40000,32000,16000和12000)中,分子量为12000的级分对巨噬细胞吞噬功能无促进作用。     

人黑色素瘤细胞分泌的组织纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)的纯化

 本文报道了培养的人黑色素瘤细胞分泌的组织纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)的纯化方法。Bowes株人黑色素瘤细胞的分泌产物,经CM-Sephadex C--50层析,赖氨酸-Sepharose 4B,苯甲眯-sepharose 4B亲和层析后,即可得到纯化470倍的蛋白纯品。样品经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定为均一单带,测得其分子量约为72kD。纯化的t-PA与尿激酶相比较,发现前者有更高亲和纤维蛋白的能力。     

Swelling and Ca2+-activated Anion Conductances in C127 Epithelial Cells Expressing WT and ΔF508-CFTR

CFTR is a chloride channel that is required for fluid secretion and salt absorption in many exocrine epithelia. Mutations in CFTR cause cystic fibrosis. CFTR expression influences some ion channels, but the range of channels influenced, the mechanism of the interaction and the significance for cystic fibrosis are not known. Possible interactions between CFTR and other ion channels were studied in C127 mouse mammary epithelial cell lines stably transfected with CFTR, ΔF508-CFTR, or vector. Cell lines were compared quantitatively using an ¹²⁵I efflux assay and qualitatively using whole-cell patch-clamp recording. As expected, ¹²⁵I efflux was significantly increased by forskolin only in the CFTR line, and forskolin-stimulated whole-cell currents were time- and voltage independent. All three lines responded to hypotonic challenge with large ¹²⁵I efflux responses of equivalent magnitude, and whole-cell currents were outwardly rectified and inactivated at positive voltages. Unexpectedly, basal ¹²⁵I efflux was significantly smaller in the ΔF508-CFTR cell line than in either the CFTR or control cell lines (P < 0.0001), and the magnitude of the efflux response to ionomycin was largest in the vector cell line and smallest in the cell line expressing ΔF508-CFTR (P < 0.01). Whole-cell responses to ionomycin had a linear instantaneous I-V relation and activated at depolarizing voltages. Forskolin responses showed simple summation with responses to ionomycin or hypotonic challenge. Thus, we found no evidence for interactions between CFTR and the channels responsible for swelling-mediated responses. Differences were found in basal and ionomycin-stimulated efflux, but these may arise from variations in the clonally selected cell lines that are unrelated to CFTR expression. Received: 15 November 1995/Revised: 16 February 1996