后丽盲蝽属四新种记述（半翅目：盲蝽科）

Ｍｉｙａｍｏｔｏ于１９８７年将Ａｐｏｌｙｇｕｓ Ｃｈｉｎａ提升为独立的属,但其他作者仍将其作为丽盲蝽属Ｌｙｇｏｃｏｒｉｓ Ｒｅｕｔｅｒ的一个亚属,作者认为Ｍｉｙａｍｏｔｏ的意见更为合理。本文记述了产于中国的后丽盲蝽属４新种。标本度量单位均为ｍｍ。模式标本除注明者外,均保存于面开大学生物系。     

高苯丙氨酸血症大鼠脑内单胺类递质的研究

以3d龄Sprague-Dawley大鼠腹腔注射苯丙氨酸(Phe)诱导高苯丙氨酸血症,荧光法测定大脑皮层及其突触体中去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量;Y型电迷宫法测其学习记忆能力.结果显示:高苯丙氨酸血症大鼠大脑皮层NE、DA及5-HT含量降低38.6%～67.4%,突触体中NE、DA和5-HT含量降低51.9%～70.2%,学习记忆能力明显低于对照组.结果提示,苯酮尿症智力障碍可能与大脑皮层及其突触体中某些单胺类递质含量降低相关.     

移居海拔3700m高原青年体质综合评价方法的研究

在海拔３７００ｍ高原选择５０名男性青年的体重、立定跳远、引体向上、仰卧起坐、６０ｍ和２０００ｍ跑速度６项指标进行高原移居青年体制综合评价方法的研究。通过用百分位法制定各项指标评分标准,以各项指标评分相加作为体质总分,并用各项指标的简单相关系数与多元逐步回归方程的标准化偏回归系数的乘积（贡献率）分配“权重”,建立综合评价总分的计算式：Ｙ＝０．０５Ｘ１＋０．１６（Ｘ４＋Ｘ６）＋０．２１（Ｘ２＋Ｘ３＋Ｘ     

尖吻蝮咬伤与心脏损害：附20例分析

本文报告尖吻蝮咬伤并心脏受累20例。经中西医结合治愈19例(95％),死亡1例(5％),并对其发病机理及治疗进行了讨论。     

温度对干旱、盐胁迫下两种黄芪属种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探讨温度对干旱、盐胁迫下黄芪属种子萌发和幼苗生长特性的影响,以黄芪属蒙古黄芪和扁茎黄芪2种种子为研究对象,纯净水处理为对照组,NaCl、PEG处理为实验组,设置4个渗透势水平(0、-0.1、-0.3、-0.5 MPa),置于5种不同的温度(10、15、20、25、30 ℃)下,每日观察并记录两种种子萌发和幼苗生长情况。结果表明：旱盐胁迫下蒙古黄芪和扁茎黄芪种子萌发最适宜的温度分别为25和20 ℃左右;蒙古黄芪耐高温不耐低温,而扁茎黄芪恰恰相反;但25和20 ℃均适宜两种幼苗生长,包括胚根、胚轴和子叶的生长。蒙古黄芪各处理组(除未发芽的种子)的平均发芽时间都比扁茎黄芪长;NaCl胁迫程度的增加使得两种种子的最终发芽率降低,但蒙古黄芪的耐盐性高于扁茎黄芪;随着PEG胁迫程度的增加,二者的发芽均受到抑制,甚至会出现完全不萌发,但扁茎黄芪的耐旱性高于蒙古黄芪;在相同的渗透势时,尤其是-0.5 MPa,PEG比NaCl对两种种子的影响大;交互胁迫作用下,随着渗透势的增加两种幼苗的鲜重、干重以及胚根、胚轴、子叶的长和宽变化较大;利用Design Expert软件预测发现：温度25 ℃、NaCl渗透势为-0.1 MPa,温度24 ℃、PEG渗透势为-0.04 MPa的处理是蒙古黄芪种子萌发和幼苗生长达到最优化的组合;而扁茎黄芪最优化的组合则为23 ℃下NaCl渗透势为-0.07 MPa的处理,20 ℃下PEG渗透势为-0.13 MPa的处理。     

A Preliminary Molecular Phylogeny of Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) Based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

The planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea (Insecta: Hemiptera) is one of the most dominant groups of phytophagous insects. It comprises about 20 families, containing a total of 9000 species worldwide. Despite several recent studies, the phylogeny of Fulgoroidea is not yet satisfactorily resolved and the phylogenetic positions of several key families, especially Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Tettigometridae, Nogodinidae, Acanaloniidae and Issidae, are contentious. Here, we expand upon recent phylogenetic work using additional nuclear (18S and 28S) and novel mitochondrial (16S and cytb) markers. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses yielded robust phylogenetic trees. In these topologies, a group containing Cixiidae and Delphacidae is recovered as the sister group to the remaining taxa. Tettigometridae is placed in a more nested position and is grouped with Caliscelidae. Sister relationships are found between Flatidae and Ricaniidae, and between Dictyopharidae and Fulgoridae. Nogodinidae and Issidae are confirmed to be non-monophyletic families. For major nodes of interest, divergence date estimates are generally older than those from the fossil record.     

Hyperosmolarity enhanced susceptibility to renal tubular fibrosis by modulating catabolism of type I transforming growth factor‐β receptors

Hyperosmolarity plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic tubular fibrosis. However, the mechanism of the involvement of hyperosmolarity remains unclear. In this study, mannitol was used to evaluate the effects of hyperosmolarity on a renal distal tubule cell line (MDCK). We investigated transforming growth factor‐β receptors and their downstream fibrogenic signal proteins. We show that hyperosmolarity significantly enhances the susceptibility to exogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, as mannitol (27.5 mM) significantly enhanced the TGF‐β1‐induced increase in fibronectin levels compared with control experiments (5.5 mM). Specifically, hyperosmolarity induced tyrosine phosphorylation on TGF‐β RII at 336 residues in a time (0–24 h) and dose (5.5–38.5 mM) dependent manner. In addition, hyperosmolarity increased the level of TGF‐β RI in a dose‐ and time‐course dependent manner. These observations may be closely related to decreased catabolism of TGF‐β RI. Hyperosmolarity significantly downregulated the expression of an inhibitory Smad (Smad7), decreased the level of Smurf 1, and reduced ubiquitination of TGF‐β RI. In addition, through the use of cycloheximide and the proteasome inhibitor MG132, we showed that hyperosmolarity significantly increased the half‐life and inhibited the protein level of TGF‐β RI by polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Taken together, our data suggest that hyperosmolarity enhances cellular susceptibility to renal tubular fibrosis by activating the Smad7 pathway and increasing the stability of type I TGF‐β receptors by retarding proteasomal degradation of TGF‐β RI. This study clarifies the mechanism underlying hyperosmotic‐induced renal fibrosis in renal distal tubule cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 663–671, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Cryptochrome‐mediated hypocotyl phototropism was regulated antagonistically by gibberellic acid and sucrose in Arabidopsis

Both phototropins(phot1 and phot2) and cryptochromes(cry1 and cry2) were proven as the Arabidopsis thaliana blue light receptors. Phototropins predominately function in photomovement, and cryptochromes play a role in photomorphogenesis. Although cryptochromes have been proposed to serve as positive modulators of phototropic responses, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that depleting sucrose from the medium or adding gibberellic acids(GAs) can partially restore the defects in phototropic curvature of the phot1 phot2 double mutants under high-intensity blue light; this restoration does not occur in phot1 phot2 cry1 cry2 quadruple mutants and nph3(nonphototropic hypocotyl 3) mutants which were impaired phototropic response in sucrose-containing medium. These results indicate that GAs and sucrose antagonistically regulate hypocotyl phototropism in a cryptochromes dependent manner, but it showed a crosstalk with phototropin signaling on NPH3.Furthermore, cryptochromes activation by blue light inhibit GAs synthesis, thus stabilizing DELLAs to block hypocotyl growth, which result in the higher GAs content in the shade side than the lit side of hypocotyl to support the asymmetric growth of hypocotyl. Through modulation of the abundance of DELLAs by sucrose depletion or added GAs, it revealed that cryptochromes have a function in mediating phototropic curvature.     

Soybean AP1 homologs control flowering time and plant height

Flowering time and plant height are key agronomic traits that directly affect soybean (Glycine max) yield. APETALA1 (AP1) functions as a class A gene in the ABCE model for floral organ development, helping to specify carpel, stamen, petal, and sepal identities. There are four AP1 homologs in soybean, all of which are mainly expressed in the shoot apex. Here, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) – CRISPR‐associated protein 9 technology to generate a homozygous quadruple mutant, gmap1, with loss‐of‐function mutations in all four GmAP1 genes. Under short‐day (SD) conditions, the gmap1 quadruple mutant exhibited delayed flowering, changes in flower morphology, and increased node number and internode length, resulting in plants that were taller than the wild type. Conversely, overexpression of GmAP1a resulted in early flowering and reduced plant height compared to the wild type under SD conditions. The gmap1 mutant and the overexpression lines also exhibited altered expression of several genes related to flowering and gibberellic acid metabolism, thereby providing insight into the role of GmAP1 in the regulatory networks controlling flowering time and plant height in soybean. Increased node number is the trait with the most promise for enhancing soybean pod number and grain yield. Therefore, the mutant alleles of the four AP1 homologs described here will be invaluable for molecular breeding of improved soybean yield.     

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition to promote the invasion of colon cancer cells via TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) protein is a multi‐domain transmembrane glycoprotein which involves in extracellular matrix remodelling, cell adhesion, invasion and migration. ADAM8 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) play an important role in tumour invasion has been well established. However, the interaction between ADAM8 and EMT has remained unclear. The data of colon cancer patients obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GTEx (Genotype‐Tissue Expression Project) were analysed by the bioinformatics research method. The expression of ADAM8 in colon cancer cells was up‐regulated and down‐regulated by transfecting with the expression plasmid and small interfering RNA, respectively. Transwell invasion assay, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and qRT‐PCR were utilized to study the effect of ADAM8 on colon cancer cell''s EMT and its related mechanisms. Analysis of TCGA and GTEx data revealed that ADAM8 was linked to poor overall survival in colon cancer patients. Besides, ADAM8 was correlated with multiple EMT biomarkers (E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, Vimentin, Snail2 and ZEB2). In vitro, we also proved that the up‐regulation of ADAM8 could promote EMT effect and enhance the invasive ability of colon cancer cells. On the contrary, the down‐regulation of ADAM8 in colon cancer cells attenuated these effects above. Further studies suggested that ADAM8 modulated EMT on colon cancer cells through TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Our research suggested that ADAM8 could be a potential biomarker for the prognosis of colon cancer and induced EMT to promote the invasion of colon cancer cells via activating TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway.