Allatostatin-like peptide in the brain-retrocerebral complex of the earwig Labidura riparia: cyclic variations related to the reproductive cycle

Summary

A polyclonal antibody raised against allatostatin-3 of Blattella germanica (BLAST-3) has been used to immunolocalize allatostatin-like peptides in the brain-retrocerebral complex of Labidura riparia adult females. Strongly stained immunoreactive cells are observed in the pars intercerebralis (14 cells) and mainly in the pars lateralis (32 cells). Fibres leading to the corpus allatum are also stained. In the deutocerebrum, one cell is immunostained at the root of each antennal nerve. In the tritocerebmm two cells in each brain hemisphere are weakly immunostained. During the reproductive cycle, these cells and their axons show immunoreactivity at previtellogenic, ovulation and ovarian arrest periods. During vitellogenesis, immunoreactivity is restricted to only four perikarya in the pars intercerebralis.

When young vitellogenic females are injected with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which inhibits vitellogenesis, full immunoreactivity reappears, suggesting sensibility of these cells to 20E as is expected for a negative feed-back loop (Sayah et al., 1995).

These results show that BLAST-3-like material is produced periodically in Labidura in correlation with low levels of juvenile hormone and the absence of vitellogenesis. This study contributes to provide information on the degree of homology of allatostatins across various insects.     

Barriers and facilitators to implement shared decision making in multidisciplinary sciatica care: a qualitative study

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common preventable cause of mortality in hospitalized medical patients. Despite rigorous randomized trials generating strong recommendations for anticoagulant use to prevent VTE, nearly 40% of medical patients receive inappropriate thromboprophylaxis. Knowledge-translation strategies are needed to bridge this gap.

Methods

We conducted a 16-week pilot cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine the proportion of medical patients that were appropriately managed for thromboprophylaxis (according to the American College of Chest Physician guidelines) within 24 hours of admission, through the use of a multicomponent knowledge-translation intervention. Our primary goal was to determine the feasibility of conducting this study on a larger scale. The intervention comprised clinician education, a paper-based VTE risk assessment algorithm, printed physicians’ orders, and audit and feedback sessions. Medical wards at six hospitals (representing clusters) in Ontario, Canada were included; three were randomized to the multicomponent intervention and three to usual care (i.e., no active strategies for thromboprophylaxis in place). Blinding was not used.

Results

A total of 2,611 patients (1,154 in the intervention and 1,457 in the control group) were eligible and included in the analysis. This multicomponent intervention did not lead to a significant difference in appropriate VTE prophylaxis rates between intervention and control hospitals (appropriate management rate odds ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.50, 1.28; p = 0.36; intra-class correlation coefficient: 0.022), and thus was not considered feasible. Major barriers to effective knowledge translation were poor attendance by clinical staff at education and feedback sessions, difficulty locating preprinted orders, and lack of involvement by clinical and administrative leaders. We identified several factors that may increase uptake of a VTE prophylaxis strategy, including local champions, support from clinical and administrative leaders, mandatory use, and a simple, clinically relevant risk assessment tool.

Conclusions

Hospitals allocated to our multicomponent intervention did not have a higher rate of medical inpatients appropriately managed for thromboprophylaxis than did hospitals that were not allocated to this strategy.     

细菌性阴道炎合并HPV16感染患者阴道菌群分布与局部免疫的关系

探究细菌性阴道炎（BV）合并人乳头瘤病毒16（HPV16）感染患者阴道菌群分布与局部免疫的关系。

选取2019年1月到2023年1月我院收治的83例BV合并HPV16感染患者和81例单纯BV患者,分别作为研究组和对照组,检测两组患者阴道菌群分布和宫颈阴道分泌物中T淋巴细胞亚群（CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺）和炎症因子（IL-1β、IFN-γ、IL-2）水平。

研究组乳酸杆菌数量低于对照组,加德纳菌、大肠埃希菌、无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白假丝酵母菌数量高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组阴道菌群密集度Ⅲ+Ⅳ级、多样性Ⅱ+Ⅲ级、微生态失调比例均高于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组宫颈CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值低于对照组（P＜0.05）;研究组宫颈IL-1β、IFN-γ、IL-2水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。

合并HPV16感染可使BV患者阴道乳酸杆菌数量减少,阴道微生态失衡,局部免疫功能下降,应尽早检测此类患者阴道菌群和宫颈阴道局部免疫情况,进行针对性干预。