全文获取类型
收费全文 | 123篇 |
免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
128篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 9篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2010年 | 4篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 1篇 |
2007年 | 1篇 |
2006年 | 3篇 |
2005年 | 1篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 2篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 3篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 3篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
1953年 | 4篇 |
1952年 | 1篇 |
1949年 | 2篇 |
1948年 | 1篇 |
1940年 | 1篇 |
1939年 | 1篇 |
1927年 | 1篇 |
1918年 | 1篇 |
1910年 | 1篇 |
1893年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有128条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
McLaughlin NJ Banerjee A Kelher MR Gamboni-Robertson F Hamiel C Sheppard FR Moore EE Silliman CC 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2006,176(11):7039-7050
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a common pathway used by G protein-linked receptors to transduce extracellular signals. We hypothesize that platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor (PAFR) ligation requires CME and causes engagement of beta-arrestin-1 and recruitment of a p38 MAPK signalosome that elicits distinct actin rearrangement at the receptor before endosomal scission. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were stimulated with buffer or 2 microM PAF (1 min), and whole cell lysates or subcellular fractions were immunoprecipitated or slides prepared for colocalization and fluorescent resonance energy transfer analysis. In select experiments, beta-arrestin-1 or dynamin-2 were neutralized by intracellular introduction of specific Abs. PAFR ligation caused 1) coprecipitation of the PAFR and clathrin with beta-arrestin-1, 2) fluorescent resonance energy transfer-positive interactions among the PAFR, beta-arrestin-1, and clathrin, 3) recruitment and activation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1/MAPK kinase-3/p38 MAPK (ASK1/MKK3/p38 MAPK) signalosome, 4) cell polarization, and 5) distinct actin bundle formation at the PAFR. Neutralization of beta-arrestin-1 inhibited all of these cellular events, including PAFR internalization; conversely, dynamin-2 inhibition only affected receptor internalization. Selective p38 MAPK inhibition globally abrogated actin rearrangement; however, inhibition of MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 and its downstream kinase leukocyte-specific protein-1 inhibited only actin bundle formation and PAFR internalization. In addition, ASK1/MKK3/p38 MAPK signalosome assembly appears to occur in a novel manner such that the ASK1/p38 MAPK heterodimer is recruited to a beta-arrestin-1 bound MKK3. In polymorphonuclear neutrophils, leukocyte-specific protein-1 may play a role similar to fascin for actin bundle formation. We conclude that PAF signaling requires CME, beta-arrestin-1 recruitment of a p38 MAPK signalosome, and specific actin bundle formation at the PAFR for transduction before endosomal scission. 相似文献
72.
73.
74.
75.
Stereolability of Chiral Ruthenium Catalysts With Frozen NHC Ligand Conformations Investigated by Dynamic‐HPLC
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chirality》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Sergio Menta Marco Pierini Roberto Cirilli Fabia Grisi Alessandra Perfetto Alessia Ciogli 《Chirality》2015,27(10):685-692
The stereolability of chiral Hoveyda–Grubbs II type ruthenium complexes bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with Syn‐phenyl groups on the backbone and Syn‐ or Anti‐oriented o‐tolyl N‐substituents was studied by resorting to dynamic high‐performance liquid chromatography (D‐HPLC). A complete chromatographic picture of the involved stereoisomers (four for Anti‐ and two for Syn‐complexes) was achieved at very low temperatures (?53°C and ?40°C respectively), at which the NHC‐Ru bond rotations were frozen out. Inspection of the chromatographic profiles recorded at higher temperatures revealed the presence of plateau zones between the couples of either Syn or Anti stereoisomers, attesting to the active interconversion between the eluted species. Such dynamic chromatograms were successfully simulated through procedures based on both theoretical plate and classical stochastic models. The good superimposition achieved between experimental and simulated chromatographic profiles allowed determination of the related isomerization energy barriers (ΔGisom#), all derived by rotation around the NHC‐Ru bond. The obtained diastereomerization barriers between the Anti isomers were found in very good agreement with those previously measured by experimental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and assessed through Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. With the same approach, for the first time we also determined the enantiomerization barrier of the Syn isomer. Focused changes to the structure of complex Syn, studied by a molecular modeling approach, were found suitable to strongly reduce the stereolability arising from rotation around the NHC‐Ru bond. Chirality 27:685–692, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
76.
Rodolphe Hamel Ophélie Dejarnac Sineewanlaya Wichit Peeraya Ekchariyawat Aymeric Neyret Natthanej Luplertlop Manuel Perera-Lecoin Pornapat Surasombatpattana Lo?c Talignani Frédéric Thomas Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau Valérie Choumet Laurence Briant Philippe Desprès Ali Amara Hans Yssel Dorothée Missé 《Journal of virology》2015,89(17):8880-8896
77.
Battistuzzi FU Billing-Ross P Paliwal A Kumar S 《Molecular biology and evolution》2011,28(9):2439-2442
Phylogenetic analyses are using increasingly larger data sets for estimating divergence times. With this increase in data sizes, the computation time required is becoming a bottleneck in evolutionary investigations. Our recent study of two relaxed-clock programs (BEAST and MultiDivTime [MDT]) showed their usefulness in time estimation; however, they place a significant computational time burden on biologists even for moderately small data sets. Here, we report speed and accuracy of another relaxed-clock program (MCMCTree, MC2T). We find it to be much faster than both MDT and BEAST while producing comparable time estimates. These results will encourage the analysis of larger data sets as well as the evaluation of the robustness of estimated times to changes in the model of evolutionary rates and clock calibrations. 相似文献
78.
Evolutionary trees of prokaryotes usually define the known classes and phyla but less often agree on the relationships among those groups. This has been attributed to the effects of horizontal gene transfer, biases in sequence change, and large evolutionary distances. Furthermore, higher level clades of prokaryote phyla rarely are supported by information from ecology and cell biology. Nonetheless, common patterns are beginning to emerge as larger numbers of species are analyzed with sophisticated methods. Here, we show how combined evidence from phylogenetic, cytological, and environmental data support the existence of an evolutionary group that appears to have had a common ancestor on land early in Earth's history and includes two-thirds of known prokaryote species. Members of this terrestrial clade (Terrabacteria), which includes Cyanobacteria, the gram-positive phyla (Actinobacteria and Firmicutes), and two phyla with cell walls that differ structurally from typical gram-positive and gram-negative phyla (Chloroflexi and Deinococcus-Thermus), possess important adaptations such as resistance to environmental hazards (e.g., desiccation, ultraviolet radiation, and high salinity) and oxygenic photosynthesis. Moreover, the unique properties of the cell wall in gram-positive taxa, which likely evolved in response to terrestrial conditions, have contributed toward pathogenicity in many species. These results now leave open the possibility that terrestrial adaptations may have played a larger role in prokaryote evolution than currently understood. 相似文献
79.
Fabia?U?Battistuzzi Andreia?Feijao S?Blair?HedgesEmail author 《BMC evolutionary biology》2004,4(1):44
Background
The timescale of prokaryote evolution has been difficult to reconstruct because of a limited fossil record and complexities associated with molecular clocks and deep divergences. However, the relatively large number of genome sequences currently available has provided a better opportunity to control for potential biases such as horizontal gene transfer and rate differences among lineages. We assembled a data set of sequences from 32 proteins (~7600 amino acids) common to 72 species and estimated phylogenetic relationships and divergence times with a local clock method. 相似文献80.
Recent evidence highlighted the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as key recognition structures of the innate immune system. The activation of TLRs initiates the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, tissue destructive enzymes, and type I interferons. In addition, TLR signalling plays an important role in the activation and direction of the adaptive immune system by the upregulation of costimulatory molecules of antigen presenting cells. Considering the important role of TLR signalling as a critical link between innate and adaptive immunity it has been proposed that a dysregulation in TLR signalling might be associated with autoimmunity. In this review, recent studies on TLR signal transduction pathways activated by corresponding ligands are summarized and evidence for a possible role of TLR signalling in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is discussed. 相似文献