Seasonal change in the respiration of the dobsonfly larva, Protohermes grandis(Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

SUMMARY 1. Seasonal change in the respiration of the dobsonfly larva, Protohermes grandis ,was studied by measuring the oxygen consumption rate (resting metabolism) bimonthly for 2 years. The respiratory rate of the larva was significantly lower during the summer season when the stream temperature rose to 30°C.
2. Summer depression of respiration was confirmed by measuring the rate of carbon dioxide evolution. The mean value of the respiratory quotient was estimated to be 0.76 ± 0.05 SE. The larva is believed to conserve energy by this reduction in respiratory rate,
3. In other seasons, however, the larva maintained a higher respiratory rate and remained active even in the winter when the stream temperature decreased near to 0°C. In fact, significant growth in weight occurred from mid-October to late March.
4. This acclimation to temperature may enable the efficient allocation of energy during the long larval period (3 years) in streams which have large annual fluctuations in temperature.     

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS IN LAMELLAR FRAGMENTS OF VARIOUS ALGAE AND SPINACH

The activity of various electron carriers, including DPIP, spinachplastocyanin, mammalian cytochrome c, and Anabaena cytochrome553, as donor in the reaction induced by the photochemical systemI was examined with lamellar fragments of various algae andspinach. Reduced DPIP was an effective electron donor irrespective ofthe organisms, when it was supplied at a high concentration(10^–3 M). Spinach plastocyanin was effective in the reactionswith the lamellae of green algae, Euglena, diatom Phaeodactyrumand red algae Porphyra yezoensis and Porphyra sp. Yamamoto II,whereas it was inactive in the lamellae of blue-green algae.Horse-heart cytochrome c and Anabaena cytochrome 553 were activein the reaction with the lamellae of bluegreen algae. The formercytochrome was also active in the reactions in Porphyridiumand Cyanidium. The cytochromes were less active in the reactionsin which spinach plastocyanin acted as effective electron donor. The data were interpreted as that the photochemical system Iin bluegreen algae differs from that of other photosyntheticorganisms with respect to the properties of the site of theelectron-input. ¹ Present address: Nomura Research Institute for Technologyand Economics, Kamakura, Kanagawa. ² Present address: Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo,Nakano, Tokyo.     

Systematics and biogeography of the fishfly genus Parachauliodes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) endemic to the east Asian islands

Abstract.  The fishfly genus Parachauliodes van der Weele, 1909 comprises six species from Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea, ranging along the east Asian islands. Herein, all the Parachauliodes species are described, including two new species, namely P. asahinai sp.n. and P. niger sp.n . A cladistic analysis based on adult and larval morphological characters was conducted to reconstruct the interspecific phylogeny of the Parachauliodes species. Two main clades within Parachauliodes were obtained from the cladistic analysis, namely ' P. asahinai  + P. continentalis ' and '( P. japonicus  +  P. yanbaru ) + ( P. nebulosus  +  P. niger )'. Based on the present interspecific phylogeny and distribution patterns of Parachauliodes , its ancestor might have invaded the east Asian islands by a land bridge from Taiwan via Ryukyu to the Japanese archipelago about 10−5 million years ago.