The louse Trinoton anserinum (Amblycera: Phthiraptera), an intermediate host of Sarconema eurycerca (Filarioidea: Nematoda), a heartworm of swans

The role of the louse Trinoton anserinum (F) as an intermediate host of Sarconema eurycerca (Wehr) was investigated in swans. 8.3% of healthy swans carried one to twelve lice per bird, dispersed contagiously. Injured and lead-poisoned swans were more heavily infected. The mouthparts appear designed to penetrate the hosts' skin; the mandibles are robust and asymmetric, and the maxillae have a serrated intercutting surface. 22% fed exclusively on blood and 33% on both blood and feather. All life-cycle stages fed upon blood and the barbs and barbules from down feathers; hooklets from contour feathers were only found in adults. 9% of lice were infected with developing nematode larvae in the head, thorax or abdomen. Lice labelled with Technetium 99 m moved towards the scapulas and the wings. Lice were found to be highly active and were mobile.     

哺乳动物成体神经元的再生:内、外环境因子的作用

哺乳动物成体神经元的再生现象是最近三十年才被科学家们所认识并逐渐接受的。随着科研方法与实验技术的发展,在成年哺乳动物的一些特定脑区,比如海马齿状回(Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus)、室下区(Subventricular zone)和杏仁核(Amygdala)中发现了新生细胞。研究表明,内外环境因子可影响成体神经元的再生。具体表现在环境多样性、自主活动、有益社会交往、短日光照、化学刺激以及诸如5—羟色胺和脑源性神经营养因子等神经递质水平的增加,都会促进新生细胞的增生或存活。而负面社会交往及应激激素皮质酮对成体神经元的再生有抑制和降低作用。研究还表明,根据种和性别的差异,类脂醇激素对成体神经元的再生起到促进或抑制作用。最新的实验证实新生细胞在成体中具有显著功能[动物学报49(2)：151—162,2003]。