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81.
ABSTRACT.
- 1 The burrowing intertidal beetle Bledius spectabilis Kraatz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) occurs on all but the very youngest marshes on Scolt Head Island, Norfolk, U.K., and may reach densities of up to 4000 m?2 (combined adult and larval densities).
- 2 The beetles are restricted to a narrow band about 1m wide along the edges of creeks draining the low marsh areas of the island, and the vertical range is restricted to a zone between 0.8 and 1.55m above Ordnance Datum. The majority of the aggregations and the highest densities are between 1.2 and 1.3m O.D., that is between about 24 and 40cm below MHWN (mean high water at neap tides).
- 3 Poor drainage, in particular the presence of long-standing pools of water over the soil surface, is important in restricting the beetles to well-drained edge regions.
- 4 Transplant experiments suggest that displacement by saltmarsh vegetation, in particular Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aell., sets the upper limit of the beetles’distribution.
- 5 The zonation of B.spectablis fits well into the general scheme that has been proposed for the zonation of marine animals from rocky shores.
- 6 The beetles produce large (3–6 mm diameter), rapidly draining, abundant (up to 9% of soil volume) and persistent burrows. We suggest that these beetle aggregations may play an important role in the development of the saltmarsh.
82.
Polypterids, the most basal actinopterygians, are a group of fish long-considered living fossils and holding a key position for understanding fish and tetrapod evolution. Knowledge of the natural history of Polypterus is limited, their having been studied in little detail since the early 1900s. The locomotory habits of wild Polypterus senegalus from Lake Albert, Uganda, were investigated in 2014. High-speed videography demonstrated the capability of large Polypterus to move overland successfully. Contrary to previous evidence, field observations found that terrestrial locomotion in Polypterus is not inherently restricted by body size. Evidence that Polypterus exhibit this behaviour as part of their natural life history can be found in the existence of environmental challenges and the presence of adaptations for amphibious life. 相似文献
83.
84.
Joyce JBC van Beers Annemiek Willemze Jeroen J Jansen Gerard HM Engbers Martin Salden Jos Raats Jan W Drijfhout Annette HM van der Helm-van Mil Rene EM Toes Ger JM Pruijn 《Arthritis research & therapy》2013,15(5):R140
Introduction
Autoantibodies against citrullinated peptides/proteins (ACPA) are found in approximately 75% of the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The RA-specific ACPA are frequently present prior to disease onset and their presence associates with a more erosive disease course. ACPA can therefore be used to aid the diagnosis and prognosis of RA. Recently, it became clear that ACPA are very heterogeneous, both in an individual patient and among different patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether clinically meaningful ACPA profiles exist in early RA patients.Methods
Twenty citrullinated peptides and the corresponding non-citrullinated control peptides were immobilized on microarray sensor chips. Sera from 374 early arthritis patients were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance imaging (iSPR) of biomolecular interactions on the sensor chip.Results
Cluster analysis of the reactivities with the citrullinated peptides, after subtraction of the reactivities with the corresponding control peptides confirmed the heterogeneity of the ACPA response in RA and revealed 12 distinct ACPA profiles. The association of the 5 most frequent profiles with clinical features at diagnosis and during the disease course was examined, showing no statistically significant associations.Conclusions
Compared to the detection of ACPA in RA sera by CCP-based assays, ACPA profiling in early arthritis patients did not reveal associations with disease activity and progression scores. 相似文献85.
Background
Interferon-α in combination with ribavirin is the current gold standard for treatment of chronic hepatitis C. It is unknown if the development of autoimmune thyroid disease (TD) during treatment confers an improved chance of achieving sustained virologic response. The aim of this study is to assess the chance of achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients who developed TD during treatment when compared with those who did not.Methods
We performed a tertiary hospital-based retrospective nested case-control analysis of 19 patients treated for hepatitis C who developed thyroid disease, and 76 controls (matched for age, weight, gender, cirrhosis and aminotransferase levels) who did not develop TD during treatment. Multivariate logistic-regression models were used to compare cases and controls.Results
The development of TD was associated with a high likelihood of achieving SVR (odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 24.6) for the pooled group containing all genotypes. The likelihood of achieving SVR was increased in individuals with genotype 1 HCV infection who developed TD (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 22.3), and all genotype 3 patients who developed TD achieved SVR.Conclusions
Development of TD during treatment for hepatitis C infection is associated with a significantly increased chance of achieving SVR. The pathophysiogical mechanisms for this observation remain to be determined.Trial Registration
The Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRB12610000830099 相似文献86.
WalterDuartedeAraujo Filho Fábio Kurt Schneider Rigoberto EM Morales 《Biomedical engineering online》2012,11(1):1-14
Background
In recent years magnesium alloys have been intensively investigated as potential resorbable materials with appropriate mechanical and corrosion properties. Particularly in orthopedic research magnesium is interesting because of its mechanical properties close to those of natural bone, the prevention of both stress shielding and removal of the implant after surgery.Methods
ZEK100 plates were examined in this in vitro study with Hank's Balanced Salt Solution under physiological conditions with a constant laminar flow rate. After 14, 28 and 42 days of immersion the ZEK100 plates were mechanically tested via four point bending test. The surfaces of the immersed specimens were characterized by SEM, EDX and XRD.Results
The four point bending test displayed an increased bending strength after 6 weeks immersion compared to the 2 week group and 4 week group. The characterization of the surface revealed the presence of high amounts of O, P and Ca on the surface and small Mg content. This indicates the precipitation of calcium phosphates with low solubility on the surface of the ZEK100 plates.Conclusions
The results of the present in vitro study indicate that ZEK100 is a potential candidate for degradable orthopedic implants. Further investigations are needed to examine the degradation behavior. 相似文献87.
YK Onno Teng Gillian Wheater Vanessa E Hogan Philip Stocks EW Nivine Levarht Tom WJ Huizinga Rene EM Toes Jacob M van Laar 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(2):R57
Introduction
B-cell depletion has become a common treatment strategy in anti-TNF-refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the exact mechanism of how B-cell depletion leads to clinical amelioration in RA remains to be elucidated, repetitive treatment with B-cell-depleting agents leading to long-term B-cell depletion has been reported to be beneficial. The latter has led to the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of B-cell depletion might act through their influence on pathogenic autoreactive plasma cells.Methods
In this study, we investigated the effects of a fixed retreatment regimen with anti-CD20 mAbs on the humoral (auto)immune system in a cohort of therapy-refractory RA patients.Results
Fixed retreatment led to long-term B-cell depletion in peripheral blood, bone marrow and, to a lesser extent, synovium. Also, pathologic autoantibody secretion (that is, anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs)) was more profoundly affected by long-term depletion than by physiological protective antibody secretion (that is, against measles, mumps and rubella). This was further illustrated by a significantly shorter estimated life span of ACPA-IgG secretion compared to total IgG secretion as well as protective antibody secretion.Conclusion
By studying plasma cell function during an extensive 2-year period of B-cell depletion, autoantibody secretion was significantly shorter-lived than physiologically protective antibody secretion. This suggests that the longevity of autoreactive plasma cells is different from protective long-lived plasma cells and might indicate a therapeutic window for therapies that target plasma cells. 相似文献88.
89.
90.
FOSTER JF FRIEDELL RW CATRON D DIECKMANN MR 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1951,31(1):104-112
Results of 81 electrophoretic analyses on plasma from 16 litters of pigs and 52 analyses of the whey of the mother's milk are presented. Development of the plasma and whey patterns is followed from parturition to weaning, both being shown to undergo marked changes, particularly during the first 24 hr. γ-Globulin in the pig's plasma is shown to increase from as low as 1.3 to about 20 mg./ml. during the first 24 hr. post-partum. Fibrinogen, too, shows a marked increase during this period. 相似文献