应用性信息素迷向法防治茶毛虫的田间试验

2003年在贵州省黔南州都匀茶场进行了性信息素迷向法防治茶毛虫Euproctis pseudoconspersaStrand的田间试验。通过比较处理区和对照区内茶毛虫发蛾量、交配率和后代虫口密度,发现剂量为0.5mg的性信息素释放器按5 m的间隔施放的防治效果显著好于其它处理,它在越冬代和第1代试验中茶毛虫诱蛾量分别减少83.90%和70.25%,交配率分别下降78.18%和73.21%,虫口密度减少59.02%和45.71%。试验结果表明性信息素迷向法可以作为防治茶毛虫的一种手段。     

脂肪酶和酯酶的定向进化及其应用

简单介绍了脂肪酶和酯酶的定向进化的方法和策略。重点介绍了脂肪酶和酯酶的高通量筛选方法及定向进化研究所取得的主要进展。     

Female moths of cotton bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) captured by waterbasin traps baited with synthetic female sex pheromone

Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most important pest insects in cotton fields in China. Female moths were captured by waterbasin traps with a synthetic female sex pheromone blend in cotton fields over three years. The blend contained (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal and (Z)‐9‐hexadecenal with a ratio of 97:3. Each pheromone dispenser was impregnated with 2.0 mg of pheromone blend and 0.2 mg of antioxidant dissolved with 0.1 mL of hexane, and there was a control dispenser with a similar amount of antioxidant and solvent only. Waterbasin traps were deployed in three configurations in the fields. ‘A’ was pheromone traps only, ‘B’ was both pheromone and control traps, ‘C’ was control traps only. (i) In four plots of ‘A’, the average weekly female catch was 1.5, and more females were captured by centrally located pheromone traps, (ii) In three plots of ‘Brsquo;, control traps also captured female as well as male moths, but average weekly female catches of control traps was significantly lower than that in pheromone‐baited traps. (iii) There were significant linear relationships between the average weekly female catch and the corresponding layer in pheromone‐baited traps in both ‘A’ and ‘B’ plots, and in quadratic equations in control in ‘B’ plots. (iv) With the increase of the interval of traps, average weekly female catches per trap increased but average weekly female catches per hectare decreased. (v) Among the female moths captured by pheromone traps, 88.3% were mated female moths which each containing 1.46 spermatophores, while in control traps 86.9% of the mated female moths had 0.90 spermatophores. There was a significant difference between the average numbers of spermatophores of mated females in pheromone traps and in controls.     

利用CRISPR/Cas9双元转基因体系探究家蚕配子生成素结合蛋白基因Bmggnbp2的功能

[目的]配子生成素结合蛋白2(gametogenetin binding protein 2,ggnbp2)在哺乳动物配子发生等生殖相关过程中发挥重要作用.本研究以家蚕Bombyx mori为模型,探究驯化基因ggnbp2的生物学功能,为鳞翅目昆虫中该基因的深入研究提供线索.[方法]在NCBI GenBank数据库通过...     

Seed hairs of poplar trees as natural airborne pollen trap for allergenic pollen grains

The present article deals with the efficacy of seed hairs of poplar trees (Populus spp.) as a potent natural airborne pollen trap. Different species of Populus are commonly found planted along the streets in the cities of North China. The seed hairs and pericarp of poplar trees were collected from the trees and on the ground in Beijing Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences and around Miyun Reservoir during May 2005 for pollen analysis. Different pollen spectra are recorded from different samples and are characterised by dominant occurrence of pollen grains of arboreal and anemophilous plants. In addition, pollen grains of non‐arboreal plants including grasses are also found trapped. Among the 46 trapped pollen grains, 26 are known to be allergenic. This study suggests that poplar seed hairs possibly make people feel uncomfortable due to the presence of allergenic pollen trapped in the hairs.     

Five-Year Change in Intraocular Pressure Associated with Changes in Arterial Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index. The Beijing Eye Study

Purpose

To examine a potential association between longitudinal changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), arterial blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in a population-based setting.

Methods

The longitudinal population-based Beijing Eye Study included 2355 subjects with an age of 45+ years who were examined in 2006 and in 2011. The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including tonometry and measurement of arterial blood pressure and BMI.

Results

Data on IOP, arterial blood pressure and BMI measured in 2006 and in 2011 were available for 2257 (95.8%) subjects with a mean age of 59.5±9.7 years. The mean change in IOP was −1.25±2.26 mm Hg, mean change in mean blood pressure −7.4±12.1 mmHg, and mean change in BMI was 0.01±2.04 kg/m². In multivariate analysis, the 5-year change in IOP was significantly associated with a higher change in mean blood pressure (P<0.001; standardized regression coefficient Beta:0.11; regression coefficient B:0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI):0.01,0.03) after adjusting for younger age (P<0.001;Beta:−0.18;B:−0.04;95% CI:−0.05,−0.03), shorter body stature (P = 0.002;Beta:−0.06;B:−0.06;95% CI:−0.03,−0.01), thicker central corneal thickness (P<0.001;Beta:0.19;B:0.02;95% CI:0.01,0.02), deeper anterior chamber depth (P = 0.01;Beta:0.05;B:0.33;95% CI:0.07,0.60), and lower intraocular pressure at baseline (P<0.001;Beta:−0.56;B:−0.42;95% CI:−0.45,−0.39). If the analysis included only longitudinal parameters, the change in IOP was significantly associated with a higher change in mean arterial blood pressure (P<0.001;Beta:0.10;B:0.02;95% CI:0.01,0.03) and a higher change in body mass index (P<0.04;Beta:0.04;B:0.04;95% CI:0.01,0.09).

Conclusions

In the 5-year follow-up of our population-based sample, a change in IOP was associated with a corresponding change in arterial blood pressure and with a corresponding change in body mass index. These longitudinal data support the notion of a physiological relationship between arterial blood pressure, intraocular pressure and body mass index. These findings may be of interest for the discussion of the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.     

兔脑种植VX2肿瘤动物模型的建立

目的建立兔VX2肿瘤脑内种植动物模型,观察其生长特性。方法采用兔脑内VX2肿瘤组织块种植法将VX2肿瘤组织块种植入24只成年New Zealand大白兔右侧大脑皮质内,用B超检测肿瘤的生长情况,在实验兔在肿瘤种植后第13、171、9、21、232、5天取材,进行组织学观察。并观察实验兔在种植VX2肿瘤后的生存期及出现厌食、偏瘫等神经系统体征和死亡的时间。结果VX2肿瘤组织块种植入脑内后荷瘤兔的中位生存期为24.5 d,平均生存期为24.8 d,肿瘤体积随种植后的时间在对数坐标中接近一条直线。VX2肿瘤种植入兔脑17 d后血供较丰富、呈鱼肉状生长,与正常脑组织边缘界限不清楚,第17~19天肿瘤中心出现坏死并出现腹腔内转移。光镜下从VX2肿瘤种植后第17天开始肿瘤细胞向正常脑组织浸润,并形成瘤巢,瘤周脑组织形成水肿带。结论在缺乏兔源性脑肿瘤的情况下,采用兔VX2肿瘤组织块颅内种植能较好模拟颅内肿瘤生长,为对脑肿瘤的某些实验研究提供条件。     

锰矿修复区植物生态系统自由能与化学势分析

基于热力学理论建立了生态系统Gibbs自由能方程,用以计算湘潭锰矿生态修复区植被系统的自由能(G)和物种化学势(μ)。生态修复区(及对照区)以泡桐(Paulownia fortunei)和栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata)作为建群植物,总面积为4 hm~2,修复区泡桐和栾树的根际施用了含有自试验点废弃矿渣中筛选出的耐性菌株的有机菌肥,目的是为植物生长提供必要养分和降低根际土壤重金属毒性,对照区泡桐和栾树的根际施用了等量的化肥。泡桐和栾树种植后5 a期间,修复区与对照区均自然萌发生长了许多本土植物种类。试验结果表明,修复区植物种类数达到48,为对照区的3.7倍;修复区的总生物量、锰吸收量分别达到23324 kg/hm~2和4280 g/hm~2,为对照区对应值的20.6和2.6倍;修复区系统自由能G远远大于对照区的值,说明有机菌肥具有显著的改良污染土壤根际环境的效果。修复区和对照区植物种类之间的化学势μ均存在显著差异(P0.001),μ值差异范围分别为-3.79—6.76和-3.42—3.59,该一差异反映不同物种适应和修复锰污染环境的能力。G和μ值包含了生态系统生产力、生物多样性,植物种类生长势、重金属富集能力、生态学行为等综合信息,能反映生态系统与立地环境的关系和修复植物的生态学特性,可作为重金属污染区植被修复效果评价和修复植物筛选的重要指标。     

苦草对砷的富集作用

为了探求合适的水体砷污染修复植物及砷在食物链中传递、累积的特点,以常见的沉水植物-苦草为研究对象,对受砷污染的水体进行修复,结果表明:苦草对水环境中砷的富集能在较短的时间内(3 d)达到一个较大值,到第14天,不同砷水平(2 mg/L)处理下的苦草对砷富集系数均超过200;苦草中砷浓度随处理时间及外源砷浓度的增加而增加,且与外源砷浓度之间存在极显著地正相关;苦草在不同浓度砷处理下都生长良好,对砷胁迫表现出较强的耐受性。因此,苦草对于水体的砷污染有着很好的去除效果,同时也能很好地反映出一个地区的砷污染水平。