Direct Visualization of the Interfacial Degradation of Cathode Coatings in Solid State Batteries: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study

The interfacial instability between a thiophosphate solid electrolyte and oxide cathodes results in rapid capacity fade and has driven the need for cathode coatings. In this work, the stability, evolution, and performance of uncoated, Li₂ZrO₃‐coated, and Li₃B₁₁O₁₈‐coated LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ cathodes are compared using first‐principles computations and electron microscopy characterization. Li₃B₁₁O₁₈ is identified as a superior coating that exhibits excellent oxidation/chemical stability, leading to substantially improved performance over cells with Li₂ZrO₃‐coated or uncoated cathodes. The chemical and structural origin of the different performance is interpreted using different microscopy techniques which enable the direct observation of the phase decomposition of the Li₂ZrO₃ coating. It is observed that Li is already extracted from the Li₂ZrO₃ in the first charge, leading to the formation of ZrO₂ nanocrystallites with loss of protection of the cathode. After 50 cycles separated (Co, Ni)‐sulfides and Mn‐sulfides can be observed within the Li₂ZrO₃‐coated material. This work illustrates the severity of the interfacial reactions between a thiophosphate electrolyte and oxide cathode and shows the importance of using coating materials that are absolutely stable at high voltage.     

脑缺血大鼠肺组织NGF/TrkA表达变化及其意义

目的:探讨大鼠脑缺血后肺组织神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)/酪氨酸蛋白激酶A(tropomyosin-related kinase A,TrkA)表达的变化。方法:成年雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组和脑缺血后6 h、24 h及48 h组,每组8只。建立大脑中动脉永久性局灶性缺血模型,术后于各时间点麻醉处死大鼠后,测定肺组织湿重/干重(W/D),光镜下观察HE染色肺组织病理学改变;Western blot法检测肺组织NGF、TrkA蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组相比,脑缺血后6 h肺组织W/D有增加,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而脑缺血后24 h及48 h肺组织W/D均有显著增高(P<0.05),其中以24 h组最明显(P<0.01);脑缺血后6 h肺组织出现轻度充血、水肿及炎性改变,24 h及48 h组肺泡结构破坏明显。病理学评分结果显示,脑缺血后24 h及48 h组大鼠肺组织病理评分较假手术组显著升高(P<0.05);Western blot法显示,脑缺血6 h肺组织中NGF表达增加(P<0.05),48 h时表达有下降趋势,但仍高于假手术组(P<0.05)。而肺组织中TrkA表达在脑缺血6h有下降(P>0.05),24 h下降明显(P<0.05),48 h时TrkA蛋白表达虽有上升,仍显著低于假手术组(P<0.05)。结论:大鼠肺组织NGF/TrkA的动态变化可能参与了脑缺血后肺损伤的病理生理过程。     

思维导图引导康复锻炼对胸腰椎肿瘤术后功能恢复的干预效果

目的:研究思维导图引导康复锻炼对胸腰椎肿瘤术后功能恢复的干预效果,为患者术后的康复提供指导。方法:选择我院2017年1月-2019年12月期间我院200例胸腰段肿瘤术后患者。按照随机数表法将其分为研究组与对照组。研究组采用思维导图引导康复锻炼措施,对照组采用常规术后康复锻炼措施。比较两组患者干预前后腰背部功能、日常生活活动能力、社会生活生存质量及康复质量的评分结果。结果:干预后研究组生活自理能力、疼痛情况、站立、坐位、步行、睡眠情况、社会生活的Oswestry功能障碍(ODI)指数明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后研究组Barthel指数以及Fugl-Meyer评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后研究组社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)评分与生存质量测定量表(QOLI)评分明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预后研究组患者的躯体症状、心理状态及康复状况评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:思维导图引导康复锻炼对胸腰椎肿瘤术后功能恢复有着较为理想的效果,值得临床推广运用。     

CPAP联合肺表面活性物治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的临床疗效及对患者血气指标的影响

目的:探讨CPAP(Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)联合肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)临床疗效及对血气指标的影响。方法:选择2014年8月至2018年8月本院收治的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患者200例,将其随机分为2组,每组100例。A组给予CPAP(持续正压通气)联合肺表面活性物质治疗,B组给予CPAP(持续正压通气)治疗,分析和比较两组的临床疗效及治疗前后血气指标的变化。结果:治疗后,两组新生儿患者PaO_2均较治疗前均显著升高,PaCO_2较治疗前明显降低,且A组PaO_2显著高于B组(P0.05),PaCO_2显著低于B组(P0.05);A组住院时间显著短于B组(P0.05),临床总有效率显著高于B组(P0.05);两组新生儿患者的胸部X线评分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),A组12 h和24 h胸部X线评分均显著性低于B组(P0.05);A组PEEP/cmH_2O水平显著低于B组(P0.05),Fi O_2水平显著高于B组(P0.05);两组生儿患者的的OI指数均较治疗前显著升高,且A组明显高于B组(P0.05)。结论:CPAP联合肺表面活性物质治疗NRDS的临床效果显著优于单用CPAP(持续正压通气)治疗,且且可显著改善患儿血气指标。     

不同纤维桩表面处理方式对牙根修复后抗折裂强度的影响

目的:探讨不同纤维桩表面处理方式对牙根修复后抗折裂强度的影响。方法:收集行正畸拔除的前磨牙120颗作为本研究样本,随机将120个纤维桩分为对照组、喷砂组和过氧化氢酸蚀组,每组40例。对照组纤维桩表明不给予任何处理,喷砂组给予氧化铝砂粒持续喷砂粗化处理,过氧化氢酸蚀组给予10%过氧化氢溶液处理,均包埋于纤维桩道预备好的离体牙内,采用相同树脂制备成核,行全冠修复与黏固,再模拟口腔内部环境给予样本牙冷热循环处理,经相同环境加载后,置于电子万能实验机获取样本牙抗折裂强度数据。对比三组离体牙样本体型数据、离体牙断裂方式、抗折裂强度,对三组进行为期24个月的定期随访,统计三组修复体断裂率,并采用Kaplan-Meier曲线和Log Rank法分析三组的生存状况。结果:三组的离体牙样本关于牙齿长度、牙根长度、颈部颊舌径及颈部近远中径对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);喷砂组和过氧化氢酸蚀组的离体牙抗折裂强度显著强于对照组(P0.05);喷砂组和过氧化氢酸蚀组的牙齿折裂总发生率分别为20.00%和22.50%,均显著低于对照组的70.00%(P0.05)。但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。喷砂组、过氧化氢酸蚀组的生存状况显著优于对照组。结论:前磨牙修复过程中,对纤维桩表面进行喷砂或过氧化氢酸蚀处理均能提高牙根修复后抗折裂强度,改善修复体修复效果生存状况,且两种纤维桩表面处理方式对离体牙样本的断裂方式和抗折裂强度影响相当。     

玉米种子丸粒化包衣处理对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果

本研究明确了乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺丸粒化包衣后对玉米种子的安全性和玉米幼苗对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果,为玉米苗期草地贪夜蛾防治提供新技术。首先在室内验证了乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺拌土后对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果,又进行了种子丸粒化包衣处理,测定了丸粒化包衣方式下药剂对种子萌发的影响和对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果。结果表明,250 mg/kg的乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺拌土处理后,草地贪夜蛾对14天的玉米苗的取食率分别为1.67%、5.01%,与对照组取食率27.02%差异显著。药种比为1:100和1:200的乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺丸粒化包衣处理组与对照组的发芽率之间无显著差异。乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺丸粒化包衣处理组在播种后第7天对草地贪夜蛾广州种群防治效果显著,其中药种比为1:100的乙基多杀菌素丸粒化包衣处理组致死率最高为89%;两药剂丸粒化包衣处理组在播种后第21天对草地贪夜蛾云南种群仍有较好防治效果,两个浓度的乙基多杀菌素丸粒化包衣处理对草地贪夜蛾的致死率均达100%。本研究表明玉米种子丸粒化包衣技术可有效防控玉米苗期草地贪夜蛾的危害。     

中华蜜蜂PLA2基因的生物信息学分析及响应高温胁迫的表达模式

磷脂酶A2 (PLA2)对细胞膜流动性、膜蛋白活性等细胞生理功能有重要调节作用。高温等环境压力对细胞的生理代谢有较大的影响,其在生物体抗逆过程中的调控作用一直备受关注。本研究以中华蜜蜂Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apis cerana cerana PLA2基因序列为基础,对其蛋白结构进行预测,分析该基因在不同温度和高温不同胁迫时间下的表达差异,以揭示该基因在中华蜜蜂抗高温过程中的生理功能。结果显示,中华蜜蜂PLA2基因包含745 bp的开放阅读框,编码169个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为19.3 kDa,无跨膜结构,不属于膜蛋白。氨基酸同源序列比对结果显示,中华蜜蜂PLA2序列与蜜蜂科昆虫的相似性最高,与其他膜翅目昆虫的相似性存在差异。qRT-PCR结果显示,PLA2在35℃、40℃和45℃处理下的表达量较高,较高的温度能诱导该基因表达的增加。同时,PLA2的表达受高温胁迫时间的影响,较长时间的高温胁迫导致PLA2基因的表达增加。本研究结果表明PLA2在中华蜜蜂应对高温胁迫时发挥重要生理功能。     

Allotransplantation of adult spinal cord tissues after complete transected spinal cord injury: Long-term survival and functional recovery in canines

Science China Life Sciences - Spinal cord injury (SCI), especially complete transected SCI, leads to loss of cells and extracellular matrix and functional impairments. In a previous study, we...     

Three proline rotamases involved in calcium homeostasis play differential roles in stress tolerance,virulence and calcineurin regulation of Beauveria bassiana

FK506‐sensitive proline rotamases (FPRs), also known as FK506‐binding proteins (FKBPs), can mediate immunosuppressive drug resistance in budding yeast but their physiological roles in filamentous fungi remain opaque. Here, we report that three FPRs (cytosolic/nuclear 12.15‐kD Fpr1, membrane‐associated 14.78‐kD Fpr2 and nuclear 50.43‐kD Fpr3) are all equally essential for cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis and contribute significantly to calcineurin activity at different levels in the insect‐pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana although the deletion of fpr1 alone conferred resistance to FK506. Radial growth, conidiation, conidial viability and virulence were less compromised in the absence of fpr1 or fpr2 than in the absence of fpr3, which abolished almost all growth on scant media and reduced growth moderately on rich media. The Δfpr3 mutant was more sensitive to Na⁺, K⁺, Mn²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, metal chelate, heat shock and UVB irradiation than was Δfpr2 while both mutants were equally sensitive to Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, H₂O₂ and cell wall‐perturbing agents. In contrast, the Δfpr1 mutant was less sensitive to fewer stress cues. Most of 32 examined genes involved in DNA damage repair, Na⁺/K⁺ detoxification or osmotolerance and Ca²⁺ homeostasis were downregulated sharply in Δfpr2 and Δfpr3 but rarely so affected in Δfpr1, coinciding well with their phenotypic changes. These findings uncover important, but differential, roles of three FPRs in the fungal adaptation to insect host and environment and provide novel insight into their essential roles in calcium signalling pathway.