1-6岁儿童维生素D与年龄、性别、季节及体质量指数的关系研究

目的:探讨1-6岁儿童维生素D与年龄、性别、季节及体质量指数(BMI)的关系,为临床有效指导维生素D的补充提供参考依据。方法:选取2000年1月～2019年1月于我院接受体检的1～6岁儿童816例作为研究对象。采用电化学发光法检测所有研究对象的血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平,并分析血清25(OH)D水平与儿童年龄、性别、BMI以及季节的关系。结果:816例儿童维生素D营养不足和缺乏人数占比为14.83%。1～3岁儿童血清25(OH)D水平高于3～6岁儿童(P0.05)。男童血清25(OH)D水平高于女童(P0.05)。肥胖儿童血清25(OH)D水平低于正常与超重儿童,且超重儿童血清25(OH)D水平低于正常儿童(均P0.05)。春、夏季儿童血清25(OH)D水平均高于秋、冬季儿童(均P0.05)。结论:1～6岁儿童的维生素D营养状况不容乐观,随着年龄的增长儿童血清25(OH)D水平显著降低,且男童高于女童,春、夏季高于秋、冬季。临床工作可通过增加其户外活动,继而达到改善维生素D营养状况的目的。     

滇川桂3省暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌腔虫瘿的寄主植物与介壳虫种类调查

暗褐网柄牛肝菌Phlebopus portentosus与介壳虫形成的菌腔虫瘿是该菌营养机制研究的关键环节。本研究先后在云南、四川和广西3省区暗褐网柄牛肝菌产区的16个地点,对菌腔虫瘿的生态和生物学进行了大量的野外调查。发现根部着生菌腔虫瘿的寄主植物有31种,涉及16个科的28个属。与暗褐网柄牛肝菌形成菌腔虫瘿的介壳虫种类有12种,其中10种隶属粉蚧科Pseudococcidae、绵蚧科Monophlebidae、蚧科Coccidae各1种。在不同的寄主植物上菌腔虫瘿的寄生位置和形状会有所不同,与暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌丝形成菌腔虫瘿的寄主植物和介壳虫之间不存在专一性。上述研究结果为暗褐网柄牛肝菌的仿生栽培奠定了基础。     

Evidence of compliance with and effectiveness of guidelines for noninvasive prenatal testing in China: a retrospective study of 189,809 cases

In China,the medical guidelines recommend performing noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) with caution for pregnant women aged 35 years or older.However,the Mother and Child Health Care Law suggests that all primiparous women whose age is older than 35 years undergo prenatal diagnosis.These two inconsistent suggestions/recommendations have made obstetricians confused about whether to offer NIPT to these older pregnant women.To face this issue and find out the solution we performed a retrospective study of 189,809 NIPT samples collected from 28 provincial-leveled administrative units in China.Of 1,564women with high-risk pregnancies who underwent NIPT,459 (29.3%) did not participate in follow-up.The compound sensitivity and specificity of NIPT for trisomies 21,18 and 13 detection was 99.1%(95%CI,98.0%-99.6%) and 99.9%(95%CI,98.8%-99.9%),respectively.In secundiparous women,NIPT showed high sensitivity and specificity similar to that in primiparous women.The observed risk for trisomies 21 and 18 significantly increased when the maternal age was 39 and older.After the publication of the current NIPT policy,the follow-up rate at our center was 97.9%;however,a large number of women are not in maternal and infant care networks nationwide,and that makes the follow-up rate outside our center relatively low.Our study shows that to balance the prevention of major aneuploidies and the limited resources for prenatal diagnosis,the cut-off age of 35for invasive prenatal diagnosis might be unnecessary.Although the NIPT guidelines are well written,how to practice it effectively,especially in less industrialized areas,is worth discussing.     

Nanopore sequencing of African swine fever virus

正Dear Editor,African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most pathogenic viral diseases in pigs caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV). The fatality rate is almost 100%, which brings huge economic losses to the hog industry in countries with epi-     

玉米种子丸粒化包衣处理对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果

本研究明确了乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺丸粒化包衣后对玉米种子的安全性和玉米幼苗对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果,为玉米苗期草地贪夜蛾防治提供新技术。首先在室内验证了乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺拌土后对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果,又进行了种子丸粒化包衣处理,测定了丸粒化包衣方式下药剂对种子萌发的影响和对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果。结果表明,250 mg/kg的乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺拌土处理后,草地贪夜蛾对14天的玉米苗的取食率分别为1.67%、5.01%,与对照组取食率27.02%差异显著。药种比为1:100和1:200的乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺丸粒化包衣处理组与对照组的发芽率之间无显著差异。乙基多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺丸粒化包衣处理组在播种后第7天对草地贪夜蛾广州种群防治效果显著,其中药种比为1:100的乙基多杀菌素丸粒化包衣处理组致死率最高为89%;两药剂丸粒化包衣处理组在播种后第21天对草地贪夜蛾云南种群仍有较好防治效果,两个浓度的乙基多杀菌素丸粒化包衣处理对草地贪夜蛾的致死率均达100%。本研究表明玉米种子丸粒化包衣技术可有效防控玉米苗期草地贪夜蛾的危害。     

cAMP/PKA诱导卵母细胞减数分裂停滞的机制

大多数物种的卵母细胞在减数分裂前都要经历长时间停滞,其中cAMP对卵母细胞减数分裂停滞具有重要作用,本研究关注c AMP对卵母细胞减数分裂的影响及其机制。本研究通过将卵母细胞与cAMP预孵育,再用胰岛素刺激研究胰岛素诱导的卵母细胞成熟的影响,接着本研究通过显微注射和Zeiss 100TV显微镜分析cAMP对PKA在卵母细胞中定位的影响,并且本研究用Western blotting的方法研究cAMP/PKA对mos蛋白的表达和MAPK蛋白磷酸化的影响。结果显示,本研究通过亲和层析得到了高纯度的PKA蛋白,且cAMP/PKA能够抑制卵母细胞的成熟,而PKA的热稳定抑制剂PKI能够解除PKA对卵母细胞减数分裂的抑制,cAMP/PKA也能够影响mos的积累以及MAPK的磷酸化。cAMP能够影响PKA在卵母细胞中的定位,cAMP/PKA能够通过影响mos积累抑制卵母细胞的减数分裂,这可能与cAMP能够抑制MAPK磷酸化有关。     

Finite element analysis of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference on optic nerve head biomechanics: the Beijing Intracranial and Intraocular Pressure Study

Science China Life Sciences - The present study aims to assess the potential difference of biomechanical response of the optic nerve head to the same level of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure...     

发菜磷酸葡糖胺变位酶(glmM)对干旱胁迫的响应及其基因克隆

glmM编码的磷酸葡糖胺变位酶是肽聚糖合成前体的关键酶。为探究发菜glmM响应干旱胁迫的表达调控机制及明确其分子信息,本研究对干旱胁迫条件下发菜glmM在转录水平的差异表达进行了分析,并对glmM的表达水平、磷酸化修饰、乙酰化修饰和琥珀酰化修饰水平进行了检测,克隆了发菜glmM,进行了序列分析和原核表达。结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下,发菜glmM在转录水平上的表达量先增加后减少,glmM上调表达,glmM的磷酸化修饰水平逐渐增加,乙酰化修饰水平相对稳定,琥珀酰化修饰水平有明显变化。设计特异性引物克隆glmM基因,获得全长1416 bp发菜glmM基因,与肺衣(5183)glmM的核苷酸序列同源性为95%,氨基酸同源性为97%。将glmM在大肠杆菌中表达,获得一个51.45 kD的外源蛋白,MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS分析证明该蛋白为磷酸葡糖胺变位酶。研究结果为深入研究发菜glmM的分子信息、生物学功能及其响应干旱胁迫的分子机制提供帮助。     

Insecticidal activity of Origanum majorana L. essential oil as anti‐cholinergic agent

The present study was focused on exploring the presence of active compounds in Origanum majorana essential oil (OmEO), and its various knock‐down effects against the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica. GC–MS analysis detected the existence of major compounds such as monoterpenes, cis‐β‐terpineol and terpinen‐4‐ol with the total proportion of 52.16%. Fumigant toxicity against adult and larvae was calculated with an LC₅₀ value of 11.31 and 49.83 μL/L air, respectively. The contact toxicity against adult, pupa, larvae and eggs was observed with LC₅₀ value 2.54, 0.95, 2.78, and 0.49 μL/L, respectively. Furthermore, the influential repellent behavior against adults has been observed. Acetylesterase (AChE) inhibition activity of OmEO was observed against adult and larvae of C. cephalonica with an IC₅₀ value of 35.89 and 118.54 μL/mL, respectively. Moreover, computational docking study revealed the binding affinity of Cis‐β‐terpineol and terpinen‐4‐ol towards the active binding sites of AChE. On the other hand, Fluorescence‐assisted cytometry and comet assay confirmed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of OmEO at various concentrations on C. cephalonica. Altogether, the results showed the knock‐down effect of OmEO against C. cephalonica, and it could be a potential biocontrol measure against the stored product pest.     

Toxoplasma gondii α-amylase deletion mutant is a promising vaccine against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis

Individuals with inhibited immunity may develop lethal toxoplasmosis; thus, a safe and effective vaccine is urged to be developed. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) α-amylase (α-AMY) is one of the enzymes responsible for starch digestion. In the present study, we first generated a ME49Δα-amy mutant and discovered that loss of α-AMY robustly grew in vitro but contributed to significant virulence attenuation in vivo. Therefore, we established a mouse model to explore the protective immunity of Δα-amy mutant against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. The results indicated that the survival rates of short-term or long-term immunized mice re-infected with the tachyzoites of multiple T. gondii strains were nearly 100%. ME49Δα-amy not only could provide protective immunity against tachyzoites infection but also could resist the infection of tissue cysts. Furthermore, we detected that ME49Δα-amy vaccination could effectively eliminate the proliferation of parasites in mice and prevent the formation of cysts. The significant increases of Th1-type cytokines, Th2-type cytokines and specific total IgG and IgG subclasses (IgG2a and IgG1) confirmed efficiency of a combination of cellular and humoral immunity against infection. In conclusion, ME49Δα-amy attenuated strain can produce strong immune responses to provide efficient protection against toxoplasmosis, which signifies that ME49Δα-amy mutant may be a potential vaccine candidate.