DNA聚合酶θ：易错的多功能DNA末端修复分子

DNA聚合酶θ (DNA polymerase theta,Polθ)是一种广泛存在于动植物中的DNA修复酶。它在选择性末端连接（alternative end-joining,Alt-EJ）途径中发挥着关键作用,常参与DNA双链断裂（DNA double-strand breaks,DSB）损伤修复。在正常生理状态下,Polθ主要调控基因组稳定性。然而,在恶性肿瘤发生时,Polθ表现出异常高表达水平,并参与调控肿瘤细胞的恶性转变过程。研究表明,抑制Polθ活性可导致同源重组（homologous recombination,HR）缺陷的肿瘤细胞发生合成致死（synthetic lethality,SL）。因此,已经开发出多种针对Polθ的小分子抑制剂,可与其他化疗药物联合使用以抑制恶性肿瘤的发展。此外,敲除或抑制Polθ活性还能增加HR修复效率,从而提高外源基因靶向整合效果。本文综述了Polθ及其介导的Alt-EJ修复机制在生物学功能方面的最新研究进展,为靶向Polθ在肿瘤治疗和基因编辑方面的应用提供理论基础。     

黑暗和光照对长春花培养细胞生长和生理生化特性的影响

以长春花(Catharanthus roseus(L.)G．Don)幼嫩叶片为外植体,在。MS NAA 0．5mg／L, 2,4一D0．5mg／L 6 BA 2．0mg／L培养基上诱导形成愈伤组织,愈伤组织置于不同条件下培养。结果表明,黑暗和光照下,培养细胞的生长周期为27d;过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均出现2个峰值。对长春花总生物碱含量和总产量亦做了研究,结果发现最佳的收获时期为第27d。     

中国汉族人群(西安)STR基因扫描与遗传结构

选择9种STR基因位点和Amelogenin基因位点,以测序为基础,研究我国汉族人群STR遗传结构.采用基因自动测序仪建立了10个位点基因分析方法,通过对汉族群体的基因扫描、基因分型和遗传结构分析,获得了STR基因传递特征的大量基因遗传数据,在汉族人群DP为1.05×10-0,EPP为0.9998,为建立我国不同民族STR基因数据库、基因资源研究与保护奠定了基础,为生物考古、基因诊断、性别鉴定、个人识别,司法审判、侦察破案提供有力的科学依据.     

华北平原及黄土高原啮齿动物物种丰富度的空间格局及其分异

在采用网格法对华北平原及黄土高原啮齿动物调查的基础上,分析了啮齿动物物种丰富度空间格局。华北平原物种丰富度最低,其次为晋、翼山地和汾、渭谷地,而南蒙高原和黄土高原的丰富度较高;物种丰富度纬向变化不明显,而经向变化显著,由东向西,物种丰富度呈递增趋势;丰富度在海拔上的变化并不存在相关的地理模式;丰富度与山地面积呈正相关,与平原面积呈负相关,而与丘陵面积相关不显著,丰富度与各地地貌类型面积的总和呈明显的正相关;丰富度与温度相关不明显,而与降雨量呈负相关。在华北平原及黄土高原,生境结构类型愈复杂的地区,啮齿动物物种丰富度愈高。     

中国小头蓟马属二新种：缨翅目：蓟马科

西方记述了中国小头蓟马属Ｍｉｃｒｏｅｐｈａｌｏｔｈｒｉｐｓ２新种－中华小头蓟马Ｍ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

陆地棉枯萎病抗性基因的等位性测定及连锁分析

1995-1996年,对我国育成的有代表性的5个抗病品种进行抗枯萎病基因的等位性测定。结果表明:在所选用的5个抗病品种中至少存在两个不同的抗病基因(暂定名为Fwl和Fw2)。连锁分析显示:Fwl与T586的8个标志性状间、Fw2与T582、T586的13个标志性状间无连锁关系。 Abstract:Allelism in vestigation of genes resistante to Fusarium wilt in cotton suggested that there were 2 genes(assigned symbols Fw1 and Fw2)in 5 cultivars used.No linkage was found between Fw1 and the marker genes in T586 and between Fw2 and those marker genes in T582 and T586.     

走马胎灰分对光的响应特征及其与生长指标的相关性

为探究光照强度和光质对走马胎(Ardisia giantifolia)灰分积累的影响，利用遮阳网和薄膜设定4个光照梯度(100%、60%、40%、20%全光照)和4种光质(绿、白、蓝、红)，分析了基径、株高以及生物量的响应特征，以及灰分与生长指标的关系。结果表明，走马胎灰分含量在绿光下随着光照强度的减弱而呈减少的趋势，在白光下随着光照强度的减弱呈现“低-高-低-高”的波动变化，在蓝光或红光下没有显著变化；在100%光照强度下，白光的灰分含量最低，与其余光照强度存在显著差异; 在60%、40%、20%光照强度下，光质对走马胎灰分含量的影响不显著。走马胎灰分含量与株高、基径和生物量间不存在明显的相关性；随着光照强度的减弱，走马胎的株高、基径以及生物量均呈现增加的趋势，且在白光下达到最大。因此，光照对走马胎灰分的积累和生长指标均有影响，种植走马胎时要选择适当遮荫强度或郁闭度较高的林型。     

Environmental controls over carbon exchange of three forest ecosystems in eastern China

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was continuously measured using the eddy covariance (EC) technique from 2003 to 2005 at three forest sites of ChinaFLUX. The forests include Changbaishan temperate mixed forest (CBS), Qianyanzhou subtropical coniferous plantation (QYZ), and Dinghushan subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forest (DHS). They span wide ranges of temperature and precipitation and are influenced by the eastern Asian monsoon climate to varying extent. In this study, we estimated ecosystem respiration (RE) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP). Comparison of ecosystem carbon exchange among the three forests shows that RE was mainly determined by temperature, with the forest at CBS exhibiting the highest temperature sensitivity among the three ecosystems. The RE was highly dependent on GEP across the three forests, and the ratio of RE to GEP decreased along the North–South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) (i.e. from the CBS to the DHS), with an average of 0.77 ± 0.06. Daily GEP was mainly influenced by temperature at CBS, whereas photosynthetic photon flux density was the dominant factor affecting the daily GEP at both QYZ and DHS. Temperature mainly determined the pattern of the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at CBS. However, water availability primarily controlled the interannual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange at QYZ. At DHS, NEP attained the highest values at the beginning of the dry seasons (autumn) rather than the rainy seasons (summer), probably because insufficient radiation and frequent fog during the rainy seasons hindered canopy photosynthesis. All the three forest ecosystems acted as a carbon sink from 2003 to 2005. The annual average values of NEP at CBS, QYZ, and DHS were 259 ± 19, 354 ± 34, and 434 ± 66 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively. The slope of NEP that decreased with increasing latitude along the NSTEC was markedly different from that observed on the forest transect in the European continent. Long‐term flux measurements over more forest ecosystems along the NSTEC will further help verify such a difference between the European forest transect and the NSTEC and provide insights into the responses of ecosystem carbon exchange to climate change in China.     

普洱茶中功能性微生物的筛选及其对普洱茶感官品质的影响

普洱茶的渥堆发酵过程是以晒青毛茶的内含成分为基础,在微生物分泌的胞外酶及湿热作用下,发生一系列化学变化,最终形成普洱茶独特的风味。采用稀释涂布法,根据产酶微生物的特性,经过固体平板初筛和液体茶汤培养基复筛,从普洱茶中分离得到若干株产酶菌株,并从中挑选优良菌株接种普洱茶固体发酵,考察其对普洱茶感官品质的影响。经分子生物学鉴定,D13-16为米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae),相似度为98.62%;GJ-02为米根霉(Rhizopus cryzae),相似度为98.57%;XW-10和DF-03均为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger),相似度分别为99.10%和99.92%。结果表明:普洱茶香气的形成主要与蛋白酶产生菌有关,DB-16发酵后香气评分达到31分(对照28,总分40);汤色主要受多酚氧化酶产生菌的影响,DF-03发酵后汤色评分达到19分(对照12,总分20);而这四种功能性微生物均在不同程度上促进了普洱茶滋味的形成。