6种复配杀虫剂对七星瓢虫的毒力测定及风险评估

采用药膜法分别测定了10％甲维盐·茚虫威悬浮剂、12％甲维盐·虫螨腈悬浮剂、12％虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂、14％呋虫胺·螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、22％吡虫啉·螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和6％吡虫啉·高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂6种复配杀虫剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus幼虫急性毒性,并进行了初级风险评估.结果 显示,6种药剂对七星瓢虫48 h的LR5o(半致死用量,Median lethal rate)分别为0.812、2.255、4.082、22.735、6.755和0.00467 g a.i/hm2.在农田内暴露场景下,6种复配杀虫剂对七星瓢虫风险均不可接受;在农田外暴露场景下,仅有14％呋虫胺·螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和22％吡虫啉·螺虫乙酯悬浮剂对七星瓢虫风险可接受,其它均不可接受.结果 表明在田间最大推荐用量下,6种药剂对七星瓢虫的初级风险评价均存在高风险.     

Secondary Structural Transformation of Bovine Lactoferricin Affects Its Antibacterial Activity

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Lactoferricin (Lfcin) is a potent antibacterial peptide derived from lactoferrin by pepsin hydrolysis. It was hypothesized that structural transformation of...     

Smoking increases oral mucosa susceptibility to Candida albicans infection via the Nrf2 pathway: In vitro and animal studies

Smoking and Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection are risk factors for many oral diseases. Several studies have reported a close relationship between smoking and the occurrence of C. albicans infection. However, the exact underlying mechanism of this relationship remains unclear. We established a rat infection model and a C. albicans-Leuk1 epithelial cell co-culture model with and without smoke exposure to investigate the mechanism by which smoking contributes to C. albicans infection. Oral mucosa samples from healthy individuals and patients with oral leucoplakia were also analysed according to their smoking status. Our results indicated that smoking induced oxidative stress and redox dysfunction in the oral mucosa. Smoking-induced Nrf2 negatively regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome, impaired the oral mucosal defence response and increased the oral mucosa susceptibility to C. albicans. The results suggest that the Nrf2 pathway could be involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases by mediating an antioxidative response to cigarette smoke exposure and suppressing host immunity against C. albicans.     

Manipulation of host ecdysteroid hormone levels facilitates infection by the fungal insect pathogen,Metarhizium rileyi

Entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium rileyi and Beauveria bassiana are widely used insect biological control agents. Little, however, is known concerning genetic or enzymatic factors that differentiate the mechanisms employed by these two fungal pathogens to infect target hosts. Infection by either of these organisms is known to increase levels of the growth and molting hormone, ecdysone, which also regulates the expression of a number of innate immune pathways. M. rileyi, but not B. bassiana, has apparently evolved an ecdysteroid-22-oxidase (MrE22O) that inactivate ecdysone. We show that deletion of MrE22O impaired virulence compared with the wild-type strain, with an increase in ecdysone titer seen in hosts that was coupled to an increase in the expression of antimicrobial genes. An M. rileyi strain engineered to overexpress MrE22O (MrE22O^OE), as well as trans-expression in B. bassiana (Bb::MrE220^OE) resulted, in strains displaying enhanced virulence and dampening of host immune responses compared with their respective wild-type parental strains. These results indicate that ecdysone plays an important role in mediating responses to fungal infection and that some insect pathogenic fungi have evolved mechanisms for targeting this hormone as a means for facilitating infection.     

支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率等指标的影响

目的探讨支气管镜肺泡灌洗联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对痰细菌清除率和其他指标的影响。方法选取我科收治的重症肺炎患儿126例,分为研究组及对照组,各63例。其中研究组在常规治疗基础上联合支气管镜肺泡灌洗及局部应用抗生素治疗,对照组采用常规治疗,比较2组患者的临床治疗效果。结果治疗后,研究组的临床有效率为90.5%,高于对照组的76.2%(χ~2=4.629,P=0.031);治疗后研究组患者的痰液中病菌清除率为77.7%,显著高于对照组的57.2%(χ~2=6.110,P=0.013);治疗后研究组患者的相关炎性指标(高敏C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α及白介素-6)均较对照组显著降低(t=3.522、4.912、4.183,P=0.033、0.032、0.033);治疗后研究组患者的相关血气指标(动脉血氧分压及氧合指数)均较对照组显著升高,而二氧化碳分压较对照组显著降低(t=3.612、3.312、6.162,P=0.039、0.040、0.028)。结论 BAL联合抗生素对小儿重症肺炎的疗效更为显著,值得临床推广应用。     

非结构性碳水化合物与氮分配对美洲黑杨和青杨耐盐能力的影响

土壤盐渍化是阻碍林业发展的重要原因, 杨树(Populus spp.)是中国主要的人工林树种, 探究盐胁迫下植物的碳氮代谢特征与抗盐胁迫能力, 将有助于杨树人工林的可持续发展。该研究利用美洲黑杨(P. deltoides)和青杨(P. cathayana)两个物种, 采用去叶与不去叶处理, 在盐胁迫下研究两种杨树的抗逆性差异。研究发现, 盐胁迫下美洲黑杨的总生物量和光合能力均显著高于青杨。盐胁迫与去叶处理导致美洲黑杨叶绿素浓度和光系统II最大光量子效率显著高于青杨, 表明去叶对美洲黑杨影响较小, 但是加重了盐对青杨的毒害作用。美洲黑杨茎叶Na⁺浓度显著低于青杨, 表明美洲黑杨能够有效地限制Na⁺向地上部分运输。在盐胁迫条件下, 美洲黑杨茎和根比青杨能够维持更高浓度的淀粉、可溶性糖以及蔗糖, 前者较高的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶活性促进了光合产物向淀粉转换, 保证植物有充足的非结构性碳水化合物来参与渗透调节和维持其他生命活动, 而去叶使得青杨非结构性碳水化合物严重不足, 受盐胁迫影响更严重。盐胁迫下, 青杨分布在脂溶性蛋白(膜系统相关蛋白质)的氮浓度显著下降, 而NH₄⁺、谷氨酸脱氢酶活性与脯氨酸浓度显著升高。研究结果证明, 非结构性碳水化合物的积累、转化和分配是植物抗逆性的重要特征。     

酵母PMT1和TED1基因在细胞壁应激反应中的作用

实验室前期研究表明,蛋白质O-甘露糖转移酶1 (Protein O-mannosyltransferase 1,Pmt1p) 和Ted1p（Traffcking of Emp24p/Erv25p-dependent cargo disrupted）在细胞寿命和内质网应激反应方面存在相互调控关系。进一步研究酵母Pmt1p和Ted1p在细胞壁应激反应中（诱导剂为荧光增白剂或刚果红）的作用。观察PMT1基因缺失（pmt1Δ）酵母菌株和TED1基因缺失（ted1Δ）酵母菌株,以及PMT1和TED1双基因缺失（pmt1Δ ted1Δ）酵母菌株在细胞壁应激反应条件下的克隆形成能力和细胞分裂增殖活性;qRT-PCR检测细胞壁应激反应通路中Slt2p、Ssd1p和Mpt5p等效应蛋白的转录水平。结果表明,在细胞壁应激反应条件下,与对照菌株的生长状态比较,pmt1Δ菌株生长缓慢,ted1Δ菌株生长较快;进一步缺失PMT1基因使得ted1Δ菌株生长缓慢。与对照菌株中效应蛋白的转录水平比较,pmt1Δ菌株和pmt1Δted1Δ菌株中SLT2、SSD1和MPT5基因的转录水平明显上调,ted1Δ菌株中的无明显变化;与pmt1Δ菌株比较,pmt1Δted1Δ菌株中SLT2和MPT5表达明显下调,SSD1表达无明显变化。缺失TED1基因增强酵母细胞对细胞壁应激反应的抵抗性;进一步缺失PMT1基因增强ted1Δ菌株对应激反应的敏感性,上调细胞壁应激反应通路中效应蛋白的转录表达水平。     

苯并[a]芘和镉暴露对食蚊鱼求偶行为的影响

研究苯并[a]芘(BaP)和镉(Cd2+)暴露对雄性食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)求偶行为的影响。设对照组和实验组,BaP暴露浓度为0、0.1、100μg/L;Cd2+暴露浓度为0、5、500 nmol/L;分别暴露6和8周。暴露实验结束后,观察雄鱼与雌鱼配对(1∶1)的求偶行为,并作录像记录分析。结果显示,雄鱼在0.1和100μg/L的BaP分别暴露6周后其对雌鱼的求偶行为开始明显降低,并随着暴露浓度的升高和时间的延长而呈现下降趋势;BaP高浓度组(100μg/L)暴露8周后对雄鱼有严重的致死效应。暴露在5和500 nmol/L的Cd2+至8周后雄鱼求偶行为明显降低;雌鱼暴露在低浓度BaP和Cd2+中其对雄鱼的求偶行为无明显影响(P>0.05);但分别在高浓度100μg/L BaP和500nmol/L Cd2+中暴露后,雄鱼对雌鱼的求偶行为显著减少。结果表明,BaP和Cd2+暴露均可降低雄性食蚊鱼的求偶行为。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7 EspA和EspB蛋白的重组表达及其免疫效果

目的：通过DNA重组技术表达肠出血性大肠杆菌（EHEC）0157：H7的EspA和EspB蛋白,并分析它们的免疫保护性。方法：采用PCR技术从EHEC0157：H7基因组中扩增espA和espB基因,连接至pET-22b（4-）载体上,转化至宿主细胞大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,经IPTG诱导表达,用亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE测定其相对分子质量,免疫小鼠分析其免疫保护性。结果：重组espA和espB基因片段的测序结果与GenBank中的相应基因序列完全一致,一致性均为100％;得到了纯度为95％以上的重组EspA和EspB蛋白,免疫小鼠所得到的抗体效价均为10^6。结论：重组EspA和EspB蛋白获得了可溶性表达,表达的蛋白具有良好的免疫保护性,为进一步制备疫苗奠定了基础。