氮离子注入对麻疯树幼苗抗氧化能力的影响

本文分析了能量为25kev的不同剂量N^＋对麻疯树种子萌发和幼苗的抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明N^＋注入降低了麻疯树种子的发芽率和成苗率以及幼苗的SOD和APX活性和MDA含量,增强了CAT活性。6×10^16-9×10^16N^＋·cm^2的剂量增加了还原型抗坏血酸含量,12×10^16-15×10^16N^＋·cm^2的剂量降低了总抗氧化能力,但增强了POD活性。18×10^16N^＋·cm^2可能是能量为25kev的N^＋诱变麻疯树干种子的合适剂量。     

林芝云杉群落特征的研究

析了林芝云杉( Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis )群落的种类组成、区系特征、群落外貌、垂直结构和水平结构等特性。结果表明：调查样地共有维管植物144种,隶属于53科116属,其中只含1种的属占81.03%。林芝云杉群落的区系组成、植物生活型谱、叶片性质等特征反映了群落的温带性质。群落垂直结构明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层及层间植物,乔木层郁闭度为0.4~0.8,林芝云杉大多为乔木层的单一优势种,有时与急尖长苞冷杉(Abies georgei var. smithii)、华山松(Pinus armandii)等混生,而群落植物的水平分布不均匀。优势种种群的年龄结构分析表明,该种群处于稳定状态;群落的物种丰富度为32.6364,其Shannon-Wiener指数为3.0926,Simpson指数为0.9366,均匀度指数为0.8942,且均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层。     

Correlation between haplotype of apolipoprotein B gene and natural longevity persons in Uygur Nationality

This paper investigated the correlation between polymorphisms and haplotypes in the apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene (SP-I/D, XbaI-RFLP, VNTR) and natural longevity persons among the Uygur people in Xin-jiang. For this purpose, 191 healthy Uygur individuals aged above 90 from Hetian area of Xinjiang were recruited, and another 53 persons aged 65—70 from the same nationality, the same region and with the same gender ratio, served as the control group. Genotyping was performed by PCR-SSP, PCR-RFLP and PCR-sequencing methods. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the frequencies of X X genotype, M and L alleles and the genetypes composed of M and L were significantly higher in the longevity group than in the control group. In haplotype analyses, we found that, in the long-lived people, the frequency of haplotypes composed of the X and M alleles was significantly higher whereas the frequency of haplotypes composed of the X- and S alleles was significantly lower (both P<0.05) I than those of their controls. These results indicated that the S allele, SS genotype and X -S, D-S, D-X -S haplotypes were the possible adverse factors, whereas the M, L alleles, X X , MM, ML, LL genotypes and I-X -M, X -M haplotypes were the possibe protective factors for the naturally long-lived Uygur people in China.     

基于层次分析法对白垩纪短脉螽科昆虫后足胫节端距的游泳能力检测

短脉螽科是直翅目昆虫的一个中生代灭绝类群,其最重要特征之一是后足胫节末端具有3—4根较长的距,可以分为长刺状、棒状和叶状等3种类型。在假设短脉螽科具有游泳能力条件下,利用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)探讨短脉螽不同后足胫节端距类型对游泳能力的贡献。分析表明短脉螽科昆虫中,具有叶状端距的类型更有利于提高该类昆虫的游泳能力。短脉螽科昆虫后足端距的高分异度,表明该科昆虫在白垩纪的近水环境不同生态位中均具有较好的适应性。     

覆盖对西北旱地春小麦旗叶光合特性和水分利用的调控

2015—2016年在西北黄土高原半干旱区进行大田定位试验,以‘陇春35号’为试验材料,设全膜覆土穴播(PMS)、全砂覆盖穴播(SM)和露地穴播(CK)3个处理,分析旗叶光合特性、春小麦耗水特性和产量构成因子之间的关系.结果表明: PMS和SM 在0～300 cm土层的土壤贮水量在灌浆前分别较CK提高47.8和31.6 mm,灌浆期均较CK降低15.6 mm.PMS和SM提高春小麦挑旗-抽穗期和扬花-灌浆期的土壤耗水.PMS和SM的叶面积指数分别较CK提高59.0%～73.7%和40.1%～52.7%,叶片SPAD值分别较CK提高3.5%～28.4%和2.9%～23.9%.PMS的光合速率和气孔导度在春小麦挑旗、抽穗、扬花期分别较CK提高23.5%、33.0%、17.7%和32.6%、76.4%、66.9%,灌浆期分别较CK降低26.2%和16.4%;PMS和SM的气孔限制值在抽穗、扬花、灌浆期分别较CK降低14.6%、23.9%、22.3%和25.7%、29.8%、17.4%.叶片瞬时水分利用效率PMS在挑旗期较CK提高57.8%,扬花期降低11.2%.PMS的表观量子效率在抽穗、扬花期分别较SM和CK增加22.6%、18.7%和26.8%、14.3%.PMS和SM春小麦的株高和产量构成因子均显著高于CK,且在干旱年份增幅较大;PMS的产量较CK和SM分别提高36.2%和8.7%,水分利用效率分别提高9.4%和3.4%.因此,PMS和SM提高了小麦灌浆前土壤贮水,加剧了挑旗到抽穗和扬花到灌浆期的耗水,提高了小麦叶片SPAD值和叶面积指数,增强了小麦灌浆前旗叶光合功能,促进 “库”的建成和同化物的转运,实现增产和水分高效利用.PMS在丰水年份的增产潜力和干旱年份的适应能力比SM更强.     

氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾的毒力与田间防效

【目的】本研究旨在明确氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda幼虫的毒力水平和田间防治效果,为科学使用氰氟虫腙防治草地贪夜蛾提供参考依据。【方法】采用饲料混毒法在室内测定了氰氟虫腙与4种常用杀虫剂甲维盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺、虱螨脲和茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾3和6龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC₅₀)及LC₉₀值,以及LC₉₀浓度的这些杀虫剂对3龄幼虫的致死中时(medium lethal time, LT₅₀)值。采用人工喷雾方法测定了玉米田中22%氰氟虫腙悬浮剂(6.6 g/667 m²)、22%氰氟虫腙悬浮剂(17.6 g/667 m²)、5.7%甲维盐水分散剂(1 g/667 m²)和150 g/L茚虫威悬浮剂(2 g/667 m²)对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的防效。【结果】室内生测结果显示,供试的5种杀虫剂中氰氟虫腙对草地贪夜蛾3和6龄幼虫均具有较高的毒力,其LC₅₀值分别为2.64和4.3...     

萝卜花粉的营养成分研究

萝卜花粉的营养成分测定表明,其蛋白质含量28.38%,总糖含量33.33%,氨基酸总量27.59%,总黄酮含量3.57%,维生素和矿质元素含量亦较丰富。萝卜花粉资源丰富,营养成分齐全,具有很好的开发利用价值。     

Comparative investigation on spindle behavior and MPF activity changes during oocyte maturation between gynogenetic and amphimictic crucian carp

The spindle behavior and MPF activity changes in the progression of oocyte maturation were investigated and compared with cytological observation and kinase assay between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and amphimictic colored crucian carp.MPF activity was measured by using histone H1 as phosphorylation substrate.There were two similar oscillatory MPF kinase activity changes during oocyte maturation in two kinds of fishes with different reproductive modes,but there existed some subtle difference between them.The subtle difference was that the first peak of MPF kinase activity was kept to a longerlasting time in the gynogenetic silver crucian carp than in the amphimictic colored crucian carp.It was suggested that the difference may be related to the spindle behavior changes,such as tripolar spindle formation and spindle rearrangement in the gynogenetic crucian carp.     

研究报告: 组织蛋白酶B介导NLRP3小体在砷致小胶质细胞炎症激活中的作用

目的 探究组织蛋白酶B（CTSB）介导NLRP3小体在砷致小胶质细胞（BV-2）炎症激活中的作用。方法 取处于对数生长期的BV-2细胞，分别暴露于终浓度为0、2、4、8 μmol/L亚砷酸钠（NaAsO₂）溶液培养24 h，检测细胞活性，测定各组细胞内CTSB和细胞焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-18、IL-1β的表达水平。流式细胞仪检测胞内溶酶体膜稳定性。基于实验结果，增设CTSB抑制剂组（5 μmol/L CA074-Me +8 μmol/L NaAsO₂、10 μmol/L CA074-Me+8 μmol/L NaAsO₂），检测两组细胞内炎症相关蛋白NLRP3、Caspase-1和IL-1β、IL-18的表达水平。结果 与对照组比较，各染砷组细胞抑制率增高，呈现剂量效应关系，溶酶体膜稳定性下降，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01），胞内CTSB、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-18、Caspase-1表达增高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；与对照组（8 μmol/L NaAsO₂）比较，抑制剂组BV-2细胞胞内CTSB、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-18、Caspase-1水平均降低，差异有统计学差异（P<0.01）。结论 NaAsO₂通过诱导小胶质细胞内CTSB水平的上升，介导NLRP3炎症小体激活小胶质细胞，促其释放炎性因子，致神经系统损伤。