遮光对臭牡丹生长和光合特性的影响

对全光照(遮光率0％,对照)以及遮光率25％ 、50％和75％条件下臭牡丹(Clerodendrum bungei Steud.)生长和光合特性的变化进行了研究.结果表明:随遮光率的提高臭牡丹枝长生长量和比叶面积逐渐增加、枝条直径生长量和比叶质量逐渐减小,叶面积呈波动变化,其中在遮光率25％条件下叶面积最小.在遮光条件下叶片以及栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度差异不显著,但均显著小于对照.在遮光条件下叶片叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/b值总体上随遮光率提高逐渐增加且均高于对照,仅在遮光率25％条件下叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量低于对照.在遮光率25％和75％条件下叶片净光合速率(Pn)有明显“午休”现象,Pn日变化曲线近似于“双峰型”;而在对照和遮光率50％条件下Pn无“午休”现象,日变化曲线近似于“单峰型”;4个处理组Pn峰值的大小以及峰值出现时间有差异.在上午9:00,在遮光率25％和50％条件下叶片气孔导度(Gs)略有降低,而在对照和遮光率75％条件下Gs明显升高;此后随时间的延长各处理的Gs总体上呈逐渐下降的趋势.各处理组叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的日变化曲线基本一致,均呈早晚略高、中午略低的趋势,谷值均出现在13:00.在对照及遮光率25％和75％条件下,叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化曲线均呈“双峰型”;而在遮光率50％的条件下Tr呈逐渐降低的趋势,日变化曲线近似于“单峰型”.总体上看,4个处理组叶片的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr日平均值均无显著差异;且在遮光率25％、50％和75％条件下臭牡丹叶片的Pn与Tr间有显著或极显著相关性.综合分析结果表明:臭牡丹是偏阴生植物,在栽培中适度遮光有利于臭牡丹的生长发育.     

Effects of light heterogeneity on growth of a submerged clonal macrophyte

Many studies have examined the effects of spatial heterogeneity in light supply on clonal plants in terrestrial environments, but few have examined those in aquatic conditions. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew the rhizomatous submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis L. in containers in three homogeneous light treatments (100%, 65%, and 30% of ambient light coded as high, medium, and low light, respectively) and two heterogeneous ones differing in patch scale (small and large patch). The growth of V. spiralis decreased significantly with decreasing light availability. In the low light conditions, V. spiralis allocated greater biomass to shoots and developed elongated leaves. In the patchy treatments, ramets distributed in the light‐rich patches had significant costs in the large patch treatment, but not in the small patch treatment, while both small and large patch treatments had no significant benefits in the light‐poor patches. We conclude that V. spiralis could escape from adverse habitats and occupy the favorable habitats. Providing the same amount of light, responses of V. spiralis to different patch scales were different at the patch level, but not at the whole clone level. Together, growth of V. spiralis could not benefit from different patch scales in heterogeneous environments at the patch as well as the whole clone level.     

EZH2在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨EZH2在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法 用免疫组化的方法研究105例乳腺癌中EZH2蛋白表达情况,并进一步探讨其与乳腺癌临床病理因素及其预后的关系.结果 EZH2蛋白在乳腺癌组织中表达明显高于乳腺良性疾病,其表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、TNM分期、PR和c-erbB-2表达无关(P＞0.05),与淋巴结转移、病理组织学分级、ER表达及乳腺癌预后相关(P＜0.05).EZH2蛋白表达在三阴性乳腺癌中表达明显高于非三阴性乳腺癌(P＜0.05).结论 EZH2在乳腺癌淋巴结转移及侵袭中扮演一定的角色,其与乳腺癌预后相关,与ER阴性的乳腺癌发生发展有关.     

在320排螺旋CT双下肢动脉成像中的护理配合效应

目的：探讨320排螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）在行双下肢动脉血管成像过程中,护理配合对的图像质量的影响。方法：将138例患者分为护理组（82例）及对照组（56例）,分别进行320排螺旋CT双下肢血管造影检查,经高压团注造影剂欧乃派克,进行三维重组,获取容积再观（VR）、曲面重组（CPR）和最大密度投影（MIP）图像。对照组的患者只进行口头的训练,没有其他的护理干预措施;实验组进行一系列的护理干预以提高患者的配合,减低在成像过程中的非生理性运动。用工作站进行图像后处理,显示双下肢动脉图像,对其图像质量和影响因素进行分析,并在检查过程中的护理干预加以总结。结果：对照组有2例患者穿刺部位不合理而影响图像质量,对双下肢的病变显示具有一定的影响,3例患者注射压力过高引起外渗,流速在2.5-3.5 ml/s,影响了图像的清晰度,其余均获得满意效果。结论：良好的护理配合有利于320排CT双下肢成像的顺利进行,精心的护理操作是取得检查成功的动脉成像保证。     

某部队男性官兵前列腺炎及其相关因素的调查研究

目的：了解部队男性官兵前列腺炎的发病情况及影响因素调查。方法：采用整群分层,随机抽样,对某高原部队300名男性官兵进行问卷调查,并对官兵的生殖系统、前列腺液等进行相关检查。结果：发现前列腺炎12人,多数为已婚的干部及入伍前有女朋友的战士。约66%官兵了解生殖健康概念及内容,与被调查者的学历、职务、是否来自城市等有关;对性传播疾病的病种及传播途径了解不够的官兵达20%。结论：部队官兵的生殖健康良好,少数有前列腺炎,最好定期进行生殖系统疾病筛查;部队官兵对生殖健康概念及内容了解尚可,但还应加强宣传教育。     

植物细胞与细胞间物质转运及其对生长发育的调控

细胞与细胞之间的物质运输和信号传递对于多细胞生物的生长发育非常重要．一些内源的大分子物质如蛋白质、核酸或核酸蛋白质复合体可以选择性地通过植物特有的亚细胞结构即胞间连丝（PD）在细胞之间运输．小分子物质主要以被动的形式在细胞间通过PD进行扩散．PD对蛋白质和核酸的运输具有选择性,这种运输受到严格调控．大分子物质在细胞间的运输对植物的生长和发育有极其重要的调控作用．KN1,STM,SHR,TRY和WER等转录因子在细胞之间的转运对于维持植物的茎尖分生组织、根尖分生组织和表皮细胞功能起重要作用．另外,某些小分子RNA也能够在植物细胞间进行选择性运输,并通过在不同细胞中降解或抑制靶mRNA的翻译来调节植物组织的生长发育．     

水稻二化螟和三化螟基因组ddRADseq文库的构建

本文介绍了构建水稻二化螟和三化螟"双酶切限制性酶切位点关联DNA测序"(Double digest restrictionsite associated DNA sequencing,ddRADseq)文库的方法。利用安捷伦2100生物分析仪对4种单酶切及2种双酶切的酶切产物片段大小及分布范围进行分析,筛选出Mlu C I和Nla III两种限制性内切酶组合对螟虫基因组DNA进行酶切。酶切后的DNA片段两端连接上特定的P1、P2接头后,用Pippin Prep回收大小为285-435 bp的DNA片段。通过PCR扩增进行文库的富集并引入index序列。构建好的ddRADseq文库用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和生物分析仪进行质量检测。本方法所构建的文库DNA片段长度、分布和摩尔浓度能够达到Illumina平台测序的技术要求。本研究证实了利用Mlu C I和Nla III组合酶切构建水稻螟虫基因组ddRADseq文库的可行性,为在水稻螟虫中利用ddRADseq技术开展生物地理学、种群遗传学和系统发育重建等方面的研究奠定基础。     

Effect of propionic acid on citric acid fermentation in an integrated citric acid–methane fermentation process

In this study, an integrated citric acid-methane fermentation process was established to solve the problem of wastewater treatment in citric acid production. Citric acid wastewater was treated through anaerobic digestion and then the anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) was further treated and recycled for the next batch citric acid fermentation. This process could eliminate wastewater discharge and reduce water resource consumption. Propionic acid was found in the ADE and its concentration continually increased in recycling. Effect of propionic acid on citric acid fermentation was investigated, and results indicated that influence of propionic acid on citric acid fermentation was contributed to the undissociated form. Citric acid fermentation was inhibited when the concentration of propionic acid was above 2, 4, and 6 mM in initial pH 4.0, 4.5 and, 5.0, respectively. However, low concentration of propionic acid could promote isomaltase activity which converted more isomaltose to available sugar, thereby increasing citric acid production. High concentration of propionic acid could influence the vitality of cell and prolong the lag phase, causing large amount of glucose still remaining in medium at the end of fermentation and decreasing citric acid production.     

Serum TGF-β1 as a Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background

Abnormal expression of serum TGF-β1 was found in patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, the association of TGF-β1 with the risk of diabetic nephropathy remains unknown. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether such an association exists.

Methods

We searched the Chinese VIP, Wangfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies and extracted all eligible data. Stata12 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Nine reports met our criteria and were used for data extraction. There were 264 patients and 227 healthy controls from qualified reports in this meta-analysis. The results suggested that serum TGF-β1 levels were significantly up-regulated in patients with diabetic nephropathy; the instrumental variable was 3.94 (95% confidence interval 3.20–4.68, p<0.01).

Conclusions

Meta-analysis suggested that elevated serum TGF-β level in patients with diabetes is associated with a high risk of nephropathy. Further studies are required to validate these observations.     

蛙类声音通讯研究进展

声音通讯包含鸣声的产生、传播及对鸣声的感知与行为响应。对大多数无尾两栖类而言,雄性个体间的竞争(即雄雄竞争)、雌性配偶识别与选择几乎完全依赖声音通讯,因此准确及时的声音信息传递与接收对蛙类的生存和繁殖起着决定性作用。本文总结了蛙类鸣叫特征及其产生机制,归纳了声音通讯在蛙类性选择中的功能及协同进化,探讨了鸣声感知的神经机制及声音通讯的内分泌机制。最后对蛙类声音通讯研究方向进行了展望,并提出了可能的解决方案。