Growth and Development in Chinese Pre-Schoolers with Picky Eating Behaviour: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective

To explore the associations between picky eating behaviour and pre-schoolers’ growth and development. Corresponding potential mechanisms, such as nutrient and food subgroup intake, as well as micronutrients in the blood, will be considered.

Methods

Picky eating behaviour was present if it was reported by parents. From various areas of China, 937 healthy children of 3-7 years old were recruited using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Children and their mothers’ socio-demographic information and children’s anthropometry, intelligence, blood samples, one 24-hour dietary intake record and food frequency questionnaire were collected. Z-scores and intelligence tests were used to evaluate growth and development (cognitive development). Multilevel models were employed to verify the associations between picky eating behaviour and growth and development.

Results

The prevalence of picky eating as reported by parents was 54% in pre-schoolers. Compared with the non-picky eaters, weight for age in picky eaters was 0.14 z-score (95% CI: -0.25, -0.02; p = 0.017) lower while no significant difference was found in intelligence (p > 0.05). Picky eating behaviour lasting over two years was associated with lower weight for age, as was nit-picking meat (the prevalence from parents’ perception was 23% in picky eaters) (p < 0.05). Picky eaters consumed fewer cereals, vegetables, and fish (p < 0.05), and had a lower dietary intake of protein, dietary fibre, iron, and zinc (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the concentrations of essential minerals in whole blood (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Picky eating behaviour is reported by parents in half of the Chinese pre-schoolers, which is negatively associated with growth (weight for age). Lower protein and dietary fibre as well as lower iron and zinc intakes were associated with picky eating as were lower intakes of vegetables, fish and cereals.     

Application of the equilibrium concept to the development of agaric fruit-bodies, with special reference to their straight downward growth in light from below

Equilibrium, a concept of dynamics, is found to be applicable to the phototropic and gravitropic growth in agaric fruit-bodies. The fruit-bodies exposed to light from below grow straight downward without bending upward, and those exposed to light from obliquely below grow first downward and then upward by negative gravitropism. The fruit-bodies exposed to light from above grow upward. Fruit-bodies growing straight downward or upward do not change the direction of growth; they are in ‘equilibria’. The straight downward growth can be regarded as an ‘unstable equilibrium’ having a higher potential, and the straight upward growth as a ‘stable equilibrium’ having a lower potential. The change in the direction of growth can be explained by the change in the potential; the upward bending in fruit-bodies that have grown obliquely downward can be regarded as a ‘transition’ from the unstable equilibrium to the stable one.     

莫西沙星联合用药方案对耐多药肺结核患者血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨莫西沙星联合用药方案对耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)患者血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2015年9月到2018年1月期间我院收治的90例MDR-TB患者,根据乱数表法将患者分为研究组(n=45)、对照组(n=45),其中对照组给予左氧氟沙星联合常规化疗治疗,研究组则给予莫西沙星联合常规化疗治疗,比较两组临床疗效、痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞闭合率、血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能,记录两组治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:研究组治疗18个月后的临床总有效率为71.11%(32/45),高于对照组的46.67%(21/45)(P0.05)。研究组治疗18个月后痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞闭合率均较对照组高(P0.05)。两组患者治疗18个月后CD4+、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)均升高,CD8+降低(P0.05),研究组治疗18个月后CD4+、Ig A、Ig G高于对照组,而CD8+低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗18个月后缬氨酸、谷氨酸均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者总不良反应发生率比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:莫西沙星联合常规化疗治疗MDR-TB的疗效确切,可有效改善患者血清游离氨基酸水平,提高机体免疫功能,同时不增加不良反应发生率。     

稳定同位素技术在土壤N2O溯源研究中的应用

氧化亚氮(N₂O)作为三大温室气体之一,追溯其来源已经成为研究热点,稳定同位素技术在土壤N₂O来源追踪方面已得到广泛应用.本文概述了产生N₂O的微生物、产生过程及其主要影响因素,综述了国内外关于利用N₂O同位素特征值δ¹⁵N、δ¹⁸O和SP值(N₂O分子内¹⁵N在不同位置上的位嗜值)分析其来源的研究进展,以期为今后相关研究提供参考.其中关于SP的研究在国内尚属初级阶段,因此本文重点介绍国外SP在其溯源上的研究情况,并对今后国内相关研究提出一点看法.     

不同氮源及CO_2浓度下湖泊微拟球藻的生长及产油特性分析

<正>工业生产排放的各种废气与污水污染人类赖以生存的环境。化石燃料燃烧除排放出大量CO2外,还释放出含有粉尘、SO[x和NOx等直接危害人类健康的有毒成分1]。其中NO]x与水结合后最终会转化成硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐等[2,导致污水中的含氮化合物氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮和有机氮的含量通常偏高。如何有效去除污水中的氮是防治水体污染最关键的步骤之一,而利用微藻培养去除水体中的氮源是目前研究的热点。尽管生物燃料生产的成本远     

神经元特异性烯醇酶和癌胚抗原胶体金免疫层析联合检测

目的:应用双抗夹心胶体金免疫层析方法,实现对神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和癌胚抗原(CEA)两种肺癌肿瘤标志物的快速联合检测。方法:采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备20nm胶体金颗粒,并分别对鼠抗NSE、CEA单克隆抗体进行标记,分别与之相配对的另一种单克隆抗体被喷在硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)上,制成免疫层析检测试条。溶液中的抗原NSE、CEA与金标记抗体结合后沿着硝酸纤维素膜移动,与膜上固定的抗体结合形成肉眼可见的红色线条。结果:该试纸条只与NSE、CEA有特异性反应,与CA125、CYFRA21-1、TPA等肺癌标志物无交叉反应。标准样品中两种抗原的检测灵敏度分别可达到5ng/mL和3ng/mL。结论:胶体金免疫层析技术检测NSE、CEA特异性强、灵敏度高、简便快速,不需特殊仪器设备,有广泛应用价值。     

养殖牡蛎体内检出坎氏弧菌的鉴定

2 0 0 3年 9月从福建近海养殖太平洋牡蛎 (Crassostreagigas)体内分离出 4株细菌 ,对它们形态、生理生化特征、盐度、温度和pH生长条件以及 16SrRNA基因序列进行了研究。结果表明 ,4株细菌均为革兰氏阴性杆菌 ,具极生单鞭毛 ,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气 ,氧化酶阳性 ,生长需NaCl,无色素 ,不发光 ,在TCBS平板上形成中等大小圆形绿色菌落 ,对弧菌抑制剂O 12 9敏感 ,具有弧菌属的典型特征。结合 16SrRNA基因序列分析结果 ,该菌 (编号SXS1)与坎氏弧菌的亲缘关系最为接近 ,其同源性达 99 .0 % ,因此将该菌鉴定为坎氏弧菌。对该菌在环境中的分布与水产养殖动物疾病的关系进行了讨论。     

Use of apple seed meal as a new source of beta-glucosidase for enzymatic glucosylation of 4-substituted benzyl alcohols and tyrosol in monophasic aqueous-dioxane medium

A facile method for enzymatic glycosylation of 4-substituted benzyl alcohols and tyrosol with glucose in a monophasic aqueous-dioxane medium was reported, using a crude meal of apple seed as a new catalyst. The corresponding beta-d-glucosides were synthesized in moderate yields (13.1-23.1%), among which the salidroside was obtained in 15.8% yield.     

新疆伊犁五个少数民族的近亲结婚

1983年4月至1984年5月,对新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州五个民族的近亲结婚情况进行了调查。调查的婚姻数为维吾尔2553起,哈萨克1079起,回1235起,锡伯1222起,蒙古446起。近亲结婚率与平均近交系数分别为:维吾尔——8.23％与 46.74×10~(-4),回——8.10％与45.07×10~(-4),锡伯——4.66％与24.93×10~(-4),哈萨克——2.87％与11.31×10~(-4)。蒙古——0.45％与 2.80×10~(-4)。解放以来,维吾尔族与回族的近亲结婚率有上升趋势,而锡伯族的则有下降趋势。各族近亲结婚中大部分为亲表亲结婚,但堂亲结婚在维吾尔族的近亲结婚中竟占26.18％,在回族中也占16.00％。1303名近亲结婚子女中的七岁前死亡率(12.89％)及先天性缺陷与遗传性疾病发生率(2.99％)显著高于6370名非近亲结婚子女的相应值(7.65％及0.38％)。     

在320排螺旋CT双下肢动脉成像中的护理配合效应

目的：探讨320排螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）在行双下肢动脉血管成像过程中,护理配合对的图像质量的影响。方法：将138例患者分为护理组（82例）及对照组（56例）,分别进行320排螺旋CT双下肢血管造影检查,经高压团注造影剂欧乃派克,进行三维重组,获取容积再观（VR）、曲面重组（CPR）和最大密度投影（MIP）图像。对照组的患者只进行口头的训练,没有其他的护理干预措施;实验组进行一系列的护理干预以提高患者的配合,减低在成像过程中的非生理性运动。用工作站进行图像后处理,显示双下肢动脉图像,对其图像质量和影响因素进行分析,并在检查过程中的护理干预加以总结。结果：对照组有2例患者穿刺部位不合理而影响图像质量,对双下肢的病变显示具有一定的影响,3例患者注射压力过高引起外渗,流速在2.5-3.5 ml/s,影响了图像的清晰度,其余均获得满意效果。结论：良好的护理配合有利于320排CT双下肢成像的顺利进行,精心的护理操作是取得检查成功的动脉成像保证。