APC Inhibits Ligand-Independent Wnt Signaling by the Clathrin Endocytic Pathway

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长链非编码RNA及其与疾病相关性的研究进展*

人类基因组中,用于蛋白质编码的核酸序列约占1.5%,另外98.5%的非蛋白编码基因被视为"噪音"序列,并未引起人们的注意。随着测序技术的发展,人们发现大部分的基因被转录成RNA,其中多数为长度大于200nt且不编码蛋白质的长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA, lncRNA),其作用机制包括支架分子、引导分子等,广泛参与细胞发育、增殖及迁移过程,且其水平的改变又与肿瘤、代谢性疾病等相关。本文主要对lncRNA的分类、作用机制及涉及的疾病等进行综述,为进一步研究lncRNA的功能机制奠定基础。     

Effects of a moderate-intensity static magnetic field and adriamycin on K562 cells

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a moderate‐intensity static magnetic field (SMF) can enhance the killing effect of adriamycin (ADM) on K562 cells, and to explore the effects of SMF combined with ADM on K562 cells. We analyzed the metabolic activity of cells, cell cycle distribution, DNA damage, change in cell ultrastructure, and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expression after K562 cells were exposed continuously to a uniform 8.8 mT SMF for 12 h, with or without ADM. Our results showed that the SMF combined with ADM (25 ng/ml) significantly inhibited the metabolic activity of K562 cells (P < 0.05), while neither ADM nor the SMF alone affected the metabolic activity of these cells. Cell ultrastructure was altered in the SMF + ADM group. For example, cell membrane was depressed, some protuberances were observable, and vacuoles in the cytoplasm became larger. Cells were arrested at the G2/M phase and DNA damage increased after cells were treated with the SMF plus ADM. ADM also induced the P‐gp expression. In contrast, in the SMF group and SMF + ADM group, the P‐gp expression was decreased compared with the ADM group. Taken together, our results showed that the 8.8 mT SMF enhanced the cytotoxity potency of ADM on K562 cells, and the decrease in P‐gp expression may be one reason underlying this effect. Bioelectromagnetics 32:191–199, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

氧氟沙星在鲤体内的药物动力学和残留研究

氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin)是氟喹诺酮类药物之一, 由日本第一制药株式会社于1982 年开发的, 由于分子的基本结构中引入了疏水性的氟原子及亲水性的哌嗪环, 其抗菌活性得到了增强、细菌耐药性大大降低。       

克雷伯氏菌甘油脱氢酶dhaD的克隆表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

以克雷伯氏菌基因组DNA为模板,扩增得到编码甘油脱氢酶（GDH）的基因dhaD,将其克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pET-28a(+)上,在E.coliBL21（DE3）中诱导表达,利用表达载体pET-28a(+)上的6·His-Tag标记选用Ni柱亲和层析法纯化表达具有活性的甘油脱氢酶(GDH),纯化后比酶活达到156U/mg,纯化倍数达4.6倍,回收率为67.4%。并初步研究了该酶的酶学性质,酶反应的最适pH为11.0,在pH7.0～12.0范围内稳定;酶反应的最适温度为30℃,稳定范围为25～45℃; 酶动力学参数以甘油为底物的Km为0.54 mmol/L, Vmax为0.49 μmol/(mL·min)。     

ITMSQ: A software tool for N‐ and C‐terminal fragment ion pairs based isobaric tandem mass spectrometry quantification

Tandem MS (MS2) quantification using the series of N‐ and C‐terminal fragment ion pairs generated from isobaric‐labelled peptides was recently considered an accurate strategy in quantitative proteomics. However, the presence of multiplexed terminal fragment ion in MS2 spectra may reduce the efficiency of peptide identification, resulting in lower identification scores or even incorrect assignments. To address this issue, we developed a quantitative software tool, denoted isobaric tandem MS quantification (ITMSQ), to improve N‐ and C‐terminal fragment ion pairs based isobaric MS2 quantification. A spectrum splitting module was designed to separate the MS2 spectra from different samples, increasing the accuracy of both identification and quantification. ITMSQ offers a convenient interface through which parameters can be changed along with the labelling method, and the result files and all of the intermediate files can be exported. We performed an analysis of in vivo terminal amino acid labelling labelled HeLa samples and found that the numbers of quantified proteins and peptides increased by 13.64 and 27.52% after spectrum splitting, respectively. In conclusion, ITMSQ provides an accurate and reliable quantitative solutionfor N‐ and C‐terminal fragment ion pairs based isobaric MS2 quantitative methods.     

南京汤山驼子洞鬣狗粪化石的孢粉分析

南京汤山驼子洞洞穴堆积中鬣狗粪化石含有相对丰富的孢粉,推测草食性哺乳动物食用带有孢粉的植物后,经鬣狗的猎杀、摄食、消化和排泄,孢粉较好地保存在鬣狗粪中,形成粪化石,成为洞穴地层的组成部分。虽然鬣狗粪化石中的孢粉含量不及湖沼相地层中丰富,但有几种植物的花粉保存较好且相对集中,如Pinus,Tsuga,Quercus,Carpinus,Artemisia,Cyperaceae,Polygonum,Polypodiaceae出现的频率较高。孢粉组合揭示早更新世南京地区植被主要是草原或森林-草地,气候凉干或半干旱半湿润,可以和地层中脊椎动物群反映的自然环境相互印证。在研究洞穴古环境的代用指标中,堆积物中的鬣狗粪化石中包含的孢粉是比较好的研究对象,对环境有一定的指示意义。     

Increased Expression of SLC2A9 Decreases Urate Excretion From the Kidney

Urate is the final metabolite of purine in humans. Renal urate handling is clinically important because under-reabsorption or underexcretion causes hypouricemia or hyperuricemia, respectively. We have identified a urate-anion exchanger, URAT1, localized at the apical side and a voltage-driven urate efflux transporter, URATv1, expressed at the basolateral side of the renal proximal tubules. URAT1 and URATv1 are vital to renal urate reabsorption because the experimental data have illustrated that functional loss of these transporter proteins affords hypouricemia. While mutations affording enhanced function via these transporter proteins on urate handling is unknown, we have constructed kidney-specific transgenic (Tg) mice for URAT1 or URATv1 to investigate this problem. In our study, each transgene was under the control of the mouse URAT1 promoter so that transgene expression was directed to the kidney. Plasma urate concentrations in URAT1 and URATv1 Tg mice were not significantly different from that in wild-type (WT) mice. Urate excretion in URAT1 Tg mice was similar to that in WT mice, while URATv1 Tg mice excreted more urate compared with WT. Our results suggest that hyperfunctioning URATv1 in the kidney can lead to increased urate reabsorption and may contribute to the development of hyperuricemia.     

枸杞多糖对H5N1流感全病毒灭活疫苗的体液免疫增强作用

探讨枸杞多糖(Lycium barbarum polysaccharide,LBP)作为佐剂对H5亚型流感病毒全病毒灭活疫苗的体液免疫增强效果。将流感病毒A/Vietnam/1194/2004(H5N1)灭活疫苗与不同剂量的枸杞多糖混合后以腹腔注射的方式共同免疫小鼠,免疫后三周收集血清用于特异性抗体检测。实验中设立氢氧化铝佐剂组作对照共同评价LBP作为佐剂的免疫增强效果。结果显示,小鼠血清中针对H5灭活疫苗的特异性抗体水平在一定范围内随着LBP剂量的增加而提高。LBP在800μg剂量时血清特异性抗体水平较无佐剂组显著增强,并与氢氧化铝佐剂组大致相当。因而,LBP有可能成为一种有效的流感灭活疫苗免疫佐剂。