锡林河流域一个羊草群落中土壤呼吸与生物量之间的相关性分析

采用根系生物量梯度上土壤呼吸变化趋势线外推法对锡林河流域一个羊草(Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel.)群落中根系呼吸占土壤总呼吸的比例进行了估计,对生物量各组分(地上、地下部分)之间以及它们与土壤呼吸间的相关性进行了分析.结果表明:在测定年度(1998年)整个生长季的不同月份,该群落中根系呼吸量占土壤呼吸总量的比例在14%～39%之间,平均为27%;地上总生物量及根系生物量与土壤呼吸间的相关性较差,但地上活生物量与土壤呼吸间存在着显著的乘幂关系.上述结果与国外同类研究结果相比,具有很好的一致性.     

Mg~(2+)和SeO_3~(2-)对鸡胚软骨细胞受模拟微重力不良影响的拮抗

在回转模拟微重力条件下 ,研究了鸡胚负重软骨细胞骨架的微管系统和碱性磷酸酶活性两项指标的变化 ,以及 1mg/L亚硒酸钠和 5mmol/LMg2 + 对这些指标的影响 .流式细胞仪对微管含量的测定显示回转后微管蛋白含量的减少 ,说明微管系统受到不良影响 .碱性磷酸酶活性比对照组明显降低 ,表明模拟微重力能降低软骨细胞的钙化能力 .如果在回转前加入SeO2 -3 和Mg2 + ,发现SeO2 -3 可以在一定程度上拮抗模拟微重力引起的微管蛋白及碱性磷酸酶活性改变 ,而Mg2 + 基本上可以完全拮抗模拟微重力对这两项指标的不良影响     

Distribution and population dynamics of cryptomonads in a Chinese lake with three basins varying in their trophic state

Cryptomonads are unicellular algae that are important primary producers in various aquatic ecosystems. However, their ecological importance was often neglected owing to their brittleness. Their population in freshwater was thought to be regulated mainly by grazing pressure, and the effects of lake trophy were less important. In this study, the cryptomonad species in three basins of Lake Donghu, a shallow lake in China were identified, and their distribution, seasonal dynamics, and relationships with several environmental factors were investigated. Eight cryptomonads were identified at species level by morphological examination; species belonging to the genera Komma and Cryptomonas were most common. Cryptomonads displayed inconsistent distribution and population dynamics among the three basins of different trophic status. They were the dominant species in the eutrophic basin, while their proportion was lower in the hypertrophic basin and in the mesotrophic basin. The biomass of cryptomonads was highest in the hypertrophic region. As a whole, cryptomonads kept low biomass during winter, while rapid waxing and waning of their population was observed in the other seasons. Cryptomonads species exhibit distinct seasonal trends. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed water temperature and dissolved total nitrogen were the most important factors that affected the composition of the cryptomonads community. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that the biomass of cryptomonads was positively correlated with pH value, dissolved total nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon. In conclusion, lake trophy is a crucial factor affecting the total cryptomonads population.     

不同光强对棱角山矾幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

通过比较不同遮阴处理下棱角山矾幼苗生长及光合特性的差异,以探讨不同光强对棱角山矾生长及光合作用的影响及其适应机制。结果表明：棱角山矾幼苗的生物量分配对光强的反应敏感,在强光处理下,比叶面积减小,总叶面积变小;弱光处理下通过增大叶生物量比、叶面积比,支持结构生物量比,提高捕光能力。但L100、L30、L10处理下总生物量的积累显著小于L50处理,L30、L50、L100光强处理下总叶面积显著高于L10光强处理。并且10%和100%光强下棱角山矾叶片的最大净光合速率（P_max）、光饱和点（LSP）、表观量子效率（AQY）均显著低于30%和50%光强处理;而光补偿点（LCP）则随光强的增大而升高;总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量在10%~100%随着光强增大而显著降低（P<0.05）。说明棱角山矾幼苗在不同光环境下具有一定适应性,但过强或过弱的光环境均会对棱角山矾的生长产生负面影响,其中50%光强是棱角山矾幼苗生长的最佳光强;棱角山矾为中性树种,苗木适宜生长在荫蔽的环境下。     

意大利蝗血细胞形态学研究

血细胞是昆虫免疫防御、代谢和分泌等生理活动的重要参与者。本文通过Gimesa-Wright试剂盒染色法研究了意大利蝗成虫血细胞类型。结果表明,意大利蝗存在原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞、脂血胞、囊血胞、巨核细胞6种细胞。粒血胞、脂血胞和浆血胞是意大利蝗主要的血细胞类型,分别占细胞总数的42.04%、29.60%和23.32%。研究结果为深入研究意大利蝗血细胞的功能及其对意大利蝗适应环境的机制提供了基础数据。     

生物滤塔体系好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定与特性研究

从实验室生物滤塔填料的生物膜上, 经选择性培养基筛选, 分离出4株好氧反硝化菌。好氧状态下4种菌的40 h反硝化率均大于80%, 其中菌种A1反硝化率可达到99.05%。跟踪菌种反硝化过程中氮元素24 h变化过程, 发现4株菌除A1外都有亚硝酸根积累。菌种A1为短杆菌, 革兰氏阴性。生理生化特性研究与16S rDNA 序列测定(GenBank接受号DQ836052.1)初步判定菌种A1为假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida。适于菌A1生长的初始pH值是7.0左右, 温度30℃左右, 当DO大于2.0 mg/L时, DO的变化对菌种A1的反硝化效果影响很小。     

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation as a tool for insertional mutagenesis in the fungus Penicillium marneffei

Penicillium marneffei is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, causing respiratory, skin, and systemic mycosis in south-east Asia. Here we describe the transformation of P. marneffei with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the optimization of the transformation procedure. Transformations in different combinations between A. tumefaciens stains (LBA4404 and EHA105) and binary vectors (pCB309A, pBI129A, and pCaMBIA1312A) showed that EHA105/pBI129A were the most efficient partners. Southern blot analysis suggested that 87.5 % of transformants obtained with this protocol displayed single hybridization bands, indicating a single insert of T-DNA in each of the transformants. Unique hybridization patterns, along with thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) analysis of T-DNA insertion sites, suggested that A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation may be a powerful tool for insertional mutagenesis in P. marneffei. Several mutants with altered phenotypes were obtained during the construction of the mutant library, indicating the usefulness of the approach for functional genetic analysis in this important fungal pathogen.     

两种福寿螺与中国圆田螺齿舌的形态学特征比较

齿舌作为软体动物独特的摄食器官,是软体动物门重要的分类特征。利用扫描电镜对入侵物种福寿螺Pomacea canaliculata、P.maculata和本地物种中国圆田螺(Cipangopaludina chinensis)的齿舌形态进行了比较观察。两种福寿螺和中国圆田螺齿式均为2·1·1·1·2。两种福寿螺齿舌的差异主要体现在中央齿的第一突起,P.canaliculata中央齿第一突起宽而短,不如P.maculata锋利。P.canaliculata与P.maculata第一突起长与中央齿宽以及第一突起宽与中央齿宽的比值均具有显著差异。两种福寿螺与中国圆田螺齿舌的中央齿、侧齿、缘齿,不论是从形态还是数量上都明显不同。两种福寿螺中央齿第一突起大而尖,呈倒三角形,两侧对称排列3个小齿;中国圆田螺的中央齿第一突起短而宽,呈方形,两侧对称排列4个小齿。两种福寿螺的侧齿大突起内侧有1个小而尖的小齿,大突起外侧另有2个小齿;中国圆田螺侧齿上缘中间大突起外侧有3个小齿,呈锯齿状。两种福寿螺的内缘齿和外缘齿相似,缘齿上缘的中间尖齿尖锐,旁边再形成一小齿;中国圆田螺内缘齿上缘的中间尖齿突出,外缘齿基部细长,上缘有小的尖齿8~10个,呈梳状。两种福寿螺与中国圆田螺的第一突起宽与中央齿宽之比、第一突起长与中央齿宽之比、第二突起宽与中央齿宽之比、第二突起长与中央齿宽之比均差异显著。食性不同可能是造成种间齿舌结构差异的原因之一。     

自然突变株系——大叶龙茶核型及酯酶同工酶研究

对自然突变株系———大叶龙茶进行了核型研究 ,并对 7个茶叶品种进行了酯酶同工酶研究。大叶龙的核型公式为 2n =2x =3 0 =1 8m +1 0sm(2SAT) +2st(2SAT) ,酯酶同工酶酶谱能反映茶叶品种的区域性特征。大叶龙茶酯酶酶谱发生变异 ,即突变体 (大叶龙 )比母株 (宁洲群体种 )少一条C5酶带。