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21.
Detoxification of ochratoxin A can be achieved by chemical or enzymatic hydrolyzation, the products of such reactions are ochratoxin α and phenylalanine. Ochratoxin α like ochratoxin A, is a fluorescing molecule, therefore sensitive analysis is possible at very low concentration levels. Methods have been established that make it possible to look for residues of ochratoxin A and its main metabolite ochratoxin α in blood and tissues at very low concentration levels. Plasma is extracted by the use of small amounts of chloroform; the extract is cleaned with water and afterwards evaporated to dryness]. The residue is re-dissolved and analysed by HPLC-FLD. Using this method a limit of detection of 0.5μg/l for both ochratoxin A and ochratoxin α can be reached. 相似文献
22.
Teng YK Verburg RJ Verpoort KN Diepenhorst GM Bajema IM van Tol MJ Jol-van der Zijde EC Toes RE Huizinga TW van Laar JM 《Arthritis research & therapy》2007,9(5):R106
In order to identify pathogenic correlates of refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antibodies against anti-cyclic citrullinated
protein (ACPAs) were investigated in RA patients in whom the dysregulated immune system had been ablated by high-dose chemotherapy
(HDC) and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Six patients with refractory RA were extensively characterized
in terms of levels of total immunoglobulins, RA-specific autoantibodies (ACPAs and rheumatoid factor) and antibodies against
rubella, tetanus toxoid (TT) and phosphorylcholine before and after HDC plus HSCT. Additionally, the avidity of ACPAs was
measured before and after treatment and compared with the avidity of TT antibodies following repeated immunizations. Synovial
biopsies were obtained by arthroscopy before HDC plus HSCT, and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In the three patients with
clinically long-lasting responses to HDC plus HSCT (median 423 days), significant reductions in ACPA-IgG levels after therapy
were observed (median level dropped from 215 to 34 arbitrary units/ml; P = 0.05). In contrast, stable ACPA-IgG levels were observed in three patients who relapsed shortly after HDC plus HSCT (median
of 67 days). Clinical responders had ACPA-IgG of lower avidity (r = 0.75; P = 0.08) and higher degree of inflammation histologically (r = 0.73; P = 0.09). Relapse (after 38 to 530 days) in all patients was preceded by rising levels of low avidity ACPA-IgG (after 30 to
388 days), in contrast to the stable titres of high avidity TT antibodies. In conclusion, humoral autoimmune responses were
differentially modulated by immunoablative therapy in patients with synovial inflammation and low avidity ACPA-IgG autoantibodies
as compared with patients with high levels of high avidity ACPA-IgG. The distinct clinical disease course after immunoablative
therapy based on levels and avidity of ACPA-IgG indicates that refractory RA is not a single disease entity. 相似文献
23.
Irene EM Bultink 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(1):107
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been identified as a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE). The etiology of premature CVD in SLE is supposed to have many factors, including traditional coronary
artery disease (CAD) risk factors, antiphospholipid antibodies, and metabolic and inflammatory factors. Despite the overwhelming
interest in CVD in SLE research, prospective studies evaluating risk factors for hard endpoints (that is, cardiovascular events)
are relatively scarce. The article by Gustafsson and colleagues suggests that prothrombotic factors play an important role
in SLE-related CVD and that the influence of traditional CAD risk factors might be limited. 相似文献
24.
Joyce JBC van Beers Annemiek Willemze Judith Stammen-Vogelzangs Jan W Drijfhout René EM Toes Ger J M Pruijn 《Arthritis research & therapy》2012,14(1):R35-16
Introduction
Fibronectin is one of the most abundant proteins present in the inflamed joint. Here, we characterized the citrullination of fibronectin in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and studied the prevalence, epitope specificity and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association of autoantibodies against citrullinated fibronectin in RA.Methods
Citrullinated residues in fibronectin isolated from RA patient synovial fluid were identified by mass spectrometry. The corresponding citrullinated and non-citrullinated peptides were synthesized and used to analyze the presence of autoantibodies to these peptides in RA sera and sera from other diseases and healthy controls by ELISA. The data were compared with risk factors like shared epitope HLA alleles and smoking, and with clinical features.Results
Five citrullinated residues were identified in fibronectin from RA synovial fluid. RA sera reacted in a citrulline-dependent manner with two out of four citrullinated fibronectin peptides, one of which contains two adjacent citrulline residues, in contrast to non-RA sera, which were not reactive. The most frequently recognized peptide (FN-Cit1035,1036, LTVGLTXXGQPRQY, in which × represents citrulline) was primarily targeted by anti-CCP (cyclic citrullinated peptide) 2-positive RA patients. Anti-FN-Cit1035,1036 autoantibodies were detected in 50% of established anti-CCP2-positive RA patients and in 45% of such patients from a early arthritis clinic. These antibodies appeared to be predominantly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype and to be associated with HLA shared epitope alleles (odds ratio = 2.11).Conclusions
Fibronectin in the inflamed synovia of RA patients can be citrullinated at least at five positions. Together with the flanking amino acids, three of these citrullinated residues comprise two epitopes recognized by RA autoantibodies. Anti-citrullinated fibronectin peptide antibodies are associated with HLA shared epitope alleles. 相似文献25.
The cestode fauna of the shortfin devilray, Mobula kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841) was examined for the first time. The work resulted in the discovery of a new genus and species of rhinebothriidean tapeworm. Crassuseptum pietrafacei, n. gen. n. sp. is erected here on the basis of its unique scolex and proglottid morphology. Histological sections and examination by light and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that this new genus differs from all other rhinebothriidean genera in its possession of bothridia in which the proximal and distal sides are confluent, i.e., not separated by a rim of tissue, and in its possession of testes that extend to the posterior margin of the ovary. This new species is characterized in part by its possession of stalked, elongate bothridia lacking lateral constrictions, with 13-15 prominent transverse bothridial septa and 4 reduced transverse septa, craspedote proglottids, each with 2-3 layers of testes in cross section, and a vas deferens that joins the cirrus sac at its anterior margin. Histological and optical sections through bothridial septa revealed that the transverse septa are formed by septal muscles separate from bothridial radial musculature, extending from the anterior side to the posterior side of each septum. This is only the second species rhinebothriidean cestode reported from mobulids. This study adds to the number of new species and genera of elasmobranch cestodes discovered off of the island of Borneo. 相似文献
26.
EM Tazi I Lalya MF Tazi Y Ahellal H M'rabti H Errihani 《World journal of surgical oncology》2010,8(1):1-3
Goblet cell carcinoid of the large intestine is a rare neoplasm, usually located in ascending colon and rectum. A 60-year-old male patient underwent surgery after the diagnosis of acute abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy revealed perforation with a diameter of 1 cm at the site of the previously performed gastroenterostomy and dilatation of the right colic flexure, secondary to a solid obstructive mass located in the mid-portion of transverse colon. Histopathological investigation of the biopsies, taken from the gastroenterostomy site and the tumor, revealed mixed carcinoid-adenocarcinoma with carcinoid component, predominantly composed of goblet cells. Three cycles of FOLFOX-4 protocol was administered. Following respiratory distress secondary to pulmonary metastasis, the patient's condition deteriorated and subsequently died in the fourth postoperative month. Our aim with this paper is to point out that more cases should be reported for more effective diagnosis, histopathological study, clinical investigation, treatment and prognosis of this specific neoplasm. 相似文献
27.
28.
Polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (PGIP) is localized in plant cell walls and plays an important role both in pectic substance metabolism and in prevention of the penetration of phytopathogenic microorganisms. Apparently, PGIP is responsible for the specificity of cell--cell interactions during pollination or inoculation by fungi nonpathogenic for the particular plant. PGIPs from different plants share a basic common structure. They are rather thermostable glycoproteins enriched with leucine and contain about 20% carbohydrates; the molecular weight varies between 37-54 kD. The synthesis of PGIP is encoded by one gene, and its expression is stimulated by injury and fungal infection. The resistance of plant tissues to infection frequently correlates with PGIP expression and with inhibiting action on fungal PG. Thus, PGIP is believed to be useful for gene engineering to obtain transgenic plants resistant to fungal infection or retaining commercial value during storage. 相似文献
29.
First-egg date fluctuations for the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca in the woodlands of mid-Wales in the twentieth century 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
EM. SLATER 《Ibis》1999,141(3):497-499