Influenza virus hemagglutinin expression is polarized in cells infected with recombinant SV40 viruses carrying cloned hemagglutinin DNA

Primary cell cultures of African Green monkey kidney (AGMK) contain polarized epithelial cells in which influenza virus matures predominantly at the apical surfaces above tight junctions. Influenza virus glycoproteins were found to be localized at the same membrane domain from which the virus budded. When polarized primary AGMK cells were infected with recombinant SV40 viruses containing DNA coding for either an influenza virus H1 or H2 subtype hemagglutinin (HA), the HA proteins were preferentially expressed at the apical surface in a manner identical to that observed in influenza virus-infected cells. Thus, cellular mechanisms for sorting membrane glycoproteins recognize some structural feature of the HA glycoprotein itself, and other viral proteins are not necessary for this process.     

Effect of LSD on mitotic and meiotic plant chromosomes

LSD was found to induce chromosomal aberrations in root tip cells of Allium cepa, Hordeum vulgare and Secale cereale. Aberrations occurred in the form of chromatid and isochromatid breaks with most of these breaks failing to rejoin. The distribution of chromosome breaks was not uniform over the length of chromosomes, and a majority of the breaks were localized at the centromeric regions. For a given dose of LSD (30 g/ml), onion appeared to be more susceptible than barley or rye. The diploid and tetraploid rye used in the study showed no appreciable difference in sensitivity to LSD treatment. — A preliminary study on meiotic chromosomes in LSD-treated diploid rye revealed the presence of univalents, chromosome breaks and fragments, suggesting that LSD can induce meiotic abnormalities in plant material.Contribution from the Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky. The investigation reported in this paper (73-3-75) is in connection with a project of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and is published with the approval of the Director.     

Chemotherapeutic Studies of Mycobacterial Infections in Mice

Of six antibiotics investigated, streptovaricin C had the most marked chemotherapeutic effect on Mycobacterium kansasii infections in mice. By the intraperitoneal route this antibiotic caused elimination of the pathogens from all organs. Kanamycin eliminated the pathogens from the lungs of all animals and from the spleens and livers of most of them. Bluensomycin also removed the pathogens from the lungs of all animals, and spectinomycin and lincomycin, from the lungs of the majority of the animals. The three latter antibiotics lowered the bacterial counts in liver and spleen. Streptovaricin C also decreased the bacterial counts in brain, spleen, and liver of mice inoculated intracerebrally with M. kansasii. In one experiment it completely eliminated this pathogen from the spleen and almost completely from the liver. The effect of streptovaricin C on the cerebral infection was more marked than that of streptovaricin complex. Respiratory and cerebral infections of mice with M. avium, serotypes I and II, were limited by streptovaricin C, and marked decreases of the bacterial counts in brain, lungs, spleen, and liver were observed.     

Population structure of some pond Microcrustacea

Summary The aestival species composition of microcrustacea of eight ponds in southwestern Kansas is described. Two benthic Ostracoda and three planktonic Copepoda and eight planktonic Cladocera were collected.On the whole, the Copepoda were more abundant than the Cladocera. Patterns of relative abundance varied from week to week and were more varied than the patterns described for the limnetic zone of lakes. There were two or three copepods in each pond. Except for one pond which had no Cladocera, there were two to five species of Cladocera per pond.There were fourteen significant affinities among the plankters. Two species showed no affinity. The relationships among four recurrent groups were established. Group I contained one cyclopoid, one calanoid and two cladocerans, a pattern not unlike the typical limnetic community.The population structure of each species that occurred in more that one pond was analyzed by analysis of variance. Significant differences between the ponds occurred from various species in per cent copepodids in the population, per cent females with eggs, and the number of eggs per egg sac. There was no significant difference among the ponds regarding the mean number of eggs per ovigerous female for any cladoceran.Interactions among the species and faunal characteristics of the ponds are discussed in relation to the environmental characteristics of the ponds.

---

Zusammenfassung Die Zusammensetzung der estivalen Arten von Mikrocrustacean von acht Teichen im Südwesten von Kansas wird beschrieben. Zwei benthische Ostracoden, drei planktonische Copepoden und acht planktonische Cladoceren wurden gefunden.Die Copepoden waren im allgemeinen häufiger als die Cladoceren. Die Schemen der relativen Anzahl wechselten von Woche zu Woche und waren unterschiedlicher als die Schemen für die limnische Seezone. Zwei oder drei Copepoden, sowie zwei bis fünf Arten von Cladoceren kamen in jedem Teich vor, ausser in einem Teich, in dem keine Cladoceren gefunden wurden.Vierzehn wichtige Übereinstimmungen wurden unter den Planktonern gefunden. Zwei Arten zeigten keine Affinität. Der Zusammenhang zwischen vier wiederkehrenden Gruppen wurden nachgewiesen. Gruppe I enthielt einen Cyclopoiden, einen Calanoiden und zwei Cladoceren, ein für typisch limnische Gemeinschaften übliches Schema.Die Bevölkerungsstruktur jeder Art, die in mehr als einem Teich vorkam, wurde durch Streuungsanalyse untersucht. Es wurden signifikante Unterschiede im Prozentsatz der Copepoden: Bevölkerung, der Weibchen mit Eiern, der Anzahl Eier im Brutraum für die verschiedenen Arten zwischen den Teichen gefunden. Keine signifikanten Unterschiede wurden in der Anzahl Eier pro eitragendem Weibchen der Cladoceren zwischen den Teichen gefunden.Auch der Einfluss der Umweltfaktoren der Teiche auf die Arten und auf die Fauna des Teiches wurde untersucht.