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121.
Information on the distributions of 77 bdelloid rotifers from diverse waters in south and central Sweden was analyzed to reveal their relationships to substrate and habitat. Only two species were reported from plankton, both in low frequency. An artificial substrate, white cotton, was utilized only by few bdelloids, mainly by species with eyes. Only one species occurred at higher frequency on the saprobic substrate Sphaerotilus. Most bdelloids prefer environments rich in oxygen, but some species may be found in soft-bottom sediments. Several species dwell preferentially in diverse habitats of bogs. Some bdelloids have an exceptionally broad ecological range, but even for these is it possible to distinguish a pattern of preference and avoidance. 相似文献
122.
'Alessio AD Esposito B Giampietri C Ziparo E Pober JS Filippini A 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2012,16(3):627-636
Upon stimulation by histamine, human vascular endothelial cells (EC) shed a soluble form of tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) that binds up free TNF, dampening the inflammatory response. Shedding occurs through proteolytic cleavage of plasma membrane-expressed TNFR1 catalysed by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). Surface expressed TNFR1 on EC is largely sequestered into specific plasma membrane microdomains, the lipid rafts/caveolae. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of these domains in TACE-mediated TNFR1 shedding in response to histamine. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells derived EA.hy926 cells respond to histamine via H1 receptors to shed TNFR1. Both depletion of cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin and small interfering RNA knockdown of the scaffolding protein caveolin-1 (cav-1), treatments that disrupt caveolae, reduce histamine-induced shedding of membrane-bound TNFR1. Moreover, immunoblotting of discontinuous sucrose gradient fractions show that TACE, such as TNFR1, is present within low-density membrane fractions, concentrated within caveolae, in unstimulated EA.hy926 endothelial cells and co-immunoprecipitates with cav-1. Silencing of cav-1 reduces the levels of both TACE and TNFR1 protein and displaces TACE, from low-density membrane fractions where TNFR1 remains. In summary, we show that endothelial lipid rafts/caveolae co-localize TACE to surface expressed TNFR1, promoting efficient shedding of sTNFR1 in response to histamine. 相似文献
123.
Januschke J Nicolas E Compagnon J Formstecher E Goud B Guichet A 《Development (Cambridge, England)》2007,134(19):3419-3425
The Drosophila oocyte is a highly polarized cell. Secretion occurs towards restricted neighboring cells and asymmetric transport controls the localization of several mRNAs to distinct cortical compartments. Here, we describe a role for the Drosophila ortholog of the Rab6 GTPase, Drab6, in establishing cell polarity during oogenesis. We found that Drab6 localizes to Golgi and Golgi-derived membranes and interacts with BicD. We also provide evidence that Drab6 and BicD function together to ensure the correct delivery of secretory pathway components, such as the TGFalpha homolog Gurken, to the plasma membrane. Moreover, in the absence of Drab6, osk mRNA localization and the organization of microtubule plus-ends at the posterior of the oocyte were both severely affected. Our results point to a possible connection between Rab protein-mediated secretion, organization of the cytoskeleton and mRNA transport. 相似文献
124.
Two different isoforms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glc6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) have been partially purified from barley
(Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Alfeo) roots. The procedure included an ammonium sulfate step, Q-Sepharose and Reactive Blue agarose chromatography,
and led to 60-fold and 150-fold purification for the two enzymes, respectively. The Glc6PDH 1 isoform accounts for 17% of
total activity of the enzyme in roots, and is very sensitive to the effects of NADP+/NADPH ratio and dithiothreitol; the Glc6PDH 2 isoform is less affected by reducing power and represents 83% of the total
activity. The isoforms showed distinct pH optima, isoelectric points, K
m for glucose-6-phosphate and a different electrophoretic mobility. The kinetic properties for the two enzymes were affected
by ATP and metabolites. Both enzymes are inhibited to different extents by ATP when magnesium is omitted from the assay mixture,
whereas the addition of ATP-Mg2+ had no effect on Glc6PDH activities. The Glc6PDH isoforms are usually present in the plastids and cytosol of plant cells.
To verify the intracellular locations of the enzymes purified from barley roots, Glc6PDH was purified from isolated barley
root plastids; this isoform showed kinetic parameters coincident with those found for Glc6PDH 1, suggesting a plastid location;
the enzyme purified from the soluble fraction had kinetic parameters resembling those of Glc6PDH 2, confirming that this isoform
is present in the cytosol of barley roots.
Received: 21 June 2000 / Accepted: 28 July 2000 相似文献
125.
126.
Jespersen T Gavillet B van Bemmelen MX Cordonier S Thomas MA Staub O Abriel H 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2006,348(4):1455-1462
In order to identify proteins interacting with the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v)1.5, we used the last 66 amino acids of the C-terminus of the channel as bait to screen a human cardiac cDNA library. We identified the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPH1 as an interacting protein. Pull-down experiments confirmed the interaction, and indicated that it depends on the PDZ-domain binding motif of Na(v)1.5. Co-expression experiments in HEK293 cells showed that PTPH1 shifts the Na(v)1.5 availability relationship toward hyperpolarized potentials, whereas an inactive PTPH1 or the tyrosine kinase Fyn does the opposite. The results of this study suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation destabilizes the inactivated state of Na(v)1.5. 相似文献
127.
Cinzia Esposito Annamaria Tedeschi Mario Scrima Gerardino D'errico M Francesca Ottaviani Paolo Rovero Anna Maria D'ursi 《Journal of peptide science》2006,12(12):766-774
The accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides into senile plaques is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is mounting evidence that the lipid matrix of neuronal cell membranes plays an important role in the beta-sheet oligomerization process of beta-amyloid. Abeta(25-35), the sequence of which is GSNKGAIIGLM, is a highly toxic segment of amyloid beta (Abeta)-peptides, which forms fibrillary aggregates. In the present work, two spin-labelled Abeta(25-35) analogues containing the nitroxide group of the amino acid TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) as a paramagnetic probe at the N- or the C-terminus of the peptide sequence, respectively, were synthesized in order to investigate the peptide-membrane interaction. The orientation and associated changes of the peptide conformation in the presence of different artificial membrane models (micelles, liposomes) were evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance and circular dichroism techniques. The results of this study allowed us to propose a model in which the C-terminal portion of the peptide is highly associated to the membrane, while the N-terminal part extends into the aqueous phase with occasional contacts with the lipid head-group region. Interestingly, the interaction of the C-terminal portion of the peptide is particularly enhanced in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) molecules. 相似文献
128.
Studer B Boller B Bauer E Posselt UK Widmer F Kölliker R 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(1):9-17
Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii, is one of the most important diseases of temperate forage grasses, such as ryegrasses (Lolium spp.), affecting yield and nutritional quality. Therefore, resistance to crown rust is a major goal in ryegrass breeding
programmes. In a two-way pseudo-testcross population consisting of 306 Lolium multiflorum individuals, multisite field evaluations as well as alternative methods based on artificial inoculation with natural inoculate
in controlled environments were used to identify QTLs controlling resistance to crown rust. Disease scores obtained from glasshouse
and leaf segment test (LST) evaluations were highly correlated with scores from a multisite field assessment (r = 0.66 and 0.79, P < 0.01, respectively) and thus confirmed suitability of these methods for crown rust investigations. Moreover, QTL mapping
based on a linkage map consisting of 368 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
revealed similar results across different phenotyping methods. Two major QTLs were consistently detected on linkage group
(LG) 1 and LG 2, explaining up to 56% of total phenotypic variance (V
p). Nevertheless, differences between position and magnitude of QTLs were observed among individual field locations and suggested
the existence of specific local pathogen populations. The present study not only compared QTL results among crown rust evaluation
methods and environments, but also identified molecular markers closely linked to previously undescribed QTLs for crown rust
resistance in Italian ryegrass with the potential to be applied in marker-assisted forage crop breeding.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
129.
Vega-Rocha S Byeon IJ Gronenborn B Gronenborn AM Campos-Olivas R 《Journal of molecular biology》2007,367(2):473-487
Circoviruses are the smallest circular single-stranded DNA viruses able to replicate in mammalian cells. Essential to their replication is the replication initiator, or Rep protein that initiates the rolling circle replication (RCR) of the viral genome. Here we report the NMR solution three-dimensional structure of the endonuclease domain from the Rep protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in swine. The domain comprises residues 12-112 of the full-length protein and exhibits the fold described previously for the Rep protein of the representative geminivirus tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus. The structure, however, differs significantly in some secondary structure elements that decorate the central five-stranded beta-sheet, including the replacement of a beta-hairpin by an alpha-helix in PCV2 Rep. The identification of the divalent metal binding site was accomplished by following the paramagnetic broadening of NMR amide signals upon Mn(2+) titration. The site comprises three conserved acidic residues on the exposed face of the central beta-sheet. For the 1:1 complex of the PCV2 Rep nuclease domain with a 22mer double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide chemical shift mapping allowed the identification of the DNA binding site on the protein and aided in constructing a model of the protein/DNA complex. 相似文献
130.
Diego Bellavia Alessandro Cataliotti Francesco Clemenza Cesar Hernandez Baravoglia Angelo Luca Marcello Traina Bruno Gridelli Tullio Bertani John C. Burnett Cesare Scardulla 《PloS one》2015,10(11)