Localization and characteristics of rat liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases.

Two NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes from rat liver mitochondria have been partially purified and characterized. One enzyme (enzyme I) has molecular weight of 320,000 and has a broad substrate specificity which includes formaldehyde; NADP is not a cofactor for this enzyme. This enzyme has K_m values for most aldehydes in the micromolar range. The isoelectric point was found to be 6.06. A second enzyme (enzyme II) has a molecular weight of 67,000, a K_m value for most aldehydes in the millimolar range but no activity toward formaldehyde. NADP does serve as a coenzyme, however. The isoelectric point is 6.64 for this enzyme. By utilization of the different substrate properties of these two enzymes it was possible to demonstrate a time-dependent release from digitonin-treated liver mitochondria. The high K_m, low molecular weight enzyme (enzyme II) is apparently in the intermembrane space while the low K_m, high molecular weight enzyme (enzyme I) is in the mitochondrial matrix and is most likely responsible for oxidation of acetaldehyde formed from ethanol.     

Characteristics of the induction of aldehyde dehydrogenase in rat liver

The activity of rat liver supernatant aldehyde dehydrogenase is increased by phenobarbital treatment in one selected strain (RR) but not in another strain (rr) of animals derived from randomally bred populations (Deitrich, Collins, and Erwin (1972) J. Biol. Chem., 247, 7232). Before 14 days of age, increased enzyme activity after phenobarbital treatment is minimal but between 30 and 60 days of age there is a maximal increase in activity after phenobarbital treatment. Using animals of this age, it was shown that both cycloheximide and actinomycin D block this response to phenobarbital. Phenobarbital treatment decreases heat stability of crude preparations of the enzyme from RR rats, but increases heat stability of the enzyme from rr animals.     

A comparison of two timed-mating strategies for breeding pigtail monkeys. (Macaca nemestrina)

Pigtail monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) were time-mated using female perineal “sex skin” tumescence cyclicity as an indicator of ovulation time. The goal of these matings was production of infants of known gestational age for an investigation using a nonhuman primate model to study causes, correlates, and consequences of premature birth. Two breeding strategies were employed. The first involved allowing breeders constant access to one another for 72 hours at the time ovulation was predicted to occur from previous data on cyclicity of perineal tumescence. The second method limited exposure to two hours daily until perineal detumescence occurred. The second strategy has been considerably more effective than the first.     

Temperaturregulation bei Flughunden der Gattung Rousettus Gray

Summary The ability to regulate body temperature was studied in the fruitbat Rousettus aegyptiacus. The daily range of body temperature (37,0–41,1°C) is much smaller than that of several Microchiroptera of the temperate zones. Considerable variations of ambient temperature within 24 hours (0–41°C) has no noticible influence on the body temperature of the fruitbat. During periods of low temperature the fruitbat becomes inactive but not torpid or lethargic. Only prolonged exposure to low temperature leads to hypothermia, especially in young animals. Sufficient nutrition delays entry into the hypothermic state. Deep hypothermia is reversible only by artificial rewarming. The fruitbats are unable to rewarm themselves neither spontanously nor after mechanical stimulation. In hypothermia temperature regulation breaks down. Body temperatures of 15°C are already lethal. The fruitbat can endure the hypothermic state only for a short time. The animals respond to low temperature with shivering and increased respiration like other homoiothermic animals. Hypothermia was induced artificially in the fruitbat; it is not a torpid or lethargic state as in the Microchiroptera of the temperate zones. Fruitbats of the genus Rousettus are homeothermic animals; they regulate their body temperatures against both heat and cold. From this study and other data we may conclude that thermoregulation in Megachiroptera differs considerably from many species of Microchiroptera, which become heterothermic when exposed to cold.

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Die Arbeit wurde gefördert durch Mittel der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, die mir durch Herrn Prof. Dr. Möhres zur Verfügung standen. Für viele Anregungen danke ich herzlich Herrn Prof. Möhres, für unersetzliche Hilfe in Afrika Dr. H. Hoogstraal vom U.S. NAMRU 3 in Kairo.     

Morphologische Betrachtungen über Skelettelemente der Coccolithineen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Polaritätsstörungen bei Pflanzenzellen durch Äthylen

Zusammenfassung Durch Äthylen wird die radiale Polarität im Sproß vonVicia faba gestört. Es treten 2 Endodermen, eine davon zwischen den Gefäßbündeln und dem inneren Teil des Marks, auf. Auch ein zweites, Seitenwurzeln bildendes Perizykelgewebe entsteht. Die Kutinisierung der Membranen im Bereich der Endodermen kann infolge der gestörten radialen Polarität völlig diffus werden und sich sogar auf Markzellen ausdehnen. Die auch sonst allgemein mit Polaritätsverlust verbundene Embryonalisierung äußert sich in dichten Zellwucherungen im Mark.Mit 6 Textabbildungen.     

Eine Wirkung von Chloralhydrat auf Spirillen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Über die histologischen Vorgänge bei der Regeneration von Tritonen mit Beteiligung ortsfremder Haut

Ohne ZusammenfassungDa ich kurz vor meiner Übersiedelung nach Riga stehe, um einem Rufe an das deutsche Herderinstitut zu folgen, sehe ich mich genötigt, die Resultate meiner Untersuchungen schon jetzt zu veröffentlichen, obgleich manches noch zu vervollständigen wäre. So konnte unter anderem auf die interessante Frage der Entstehung und der Verteilung des Pigmentes, für die aber noch eine Reihe zeitraubender Experimente nötig gewesen wäre, nicht näher eingegangen werden.