镉吸附细菌的分离及其对土壤镉的固定

[目的] 探究镉吸附细菌是否能够高效固定土壤有效镉（Cd）,为土壤有效Cd的微生物固定提供理论依据。[方法] 利用含Cd²⁺牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基对细菌进行Cd的耐受性测试筛选出镉抗性强的菌株;通过16S rRNA基因相似性及系统进化分析鉴定耐镉细菌,将菌细胞加入含CdCl₂溶液中进行Cd²⁺吸附效率测定;通过土培模拟实验,测定土壤pH、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质、CEC、有效Cd及微生物数量来分析镉吸附细菌对镉污染土壤的影响。[结果] 从德阳鱼腥草根际土壤中分离获得的57株细菌对Cd²⁺表现出不同程度的抗性,并从中筛选出3株耐Cd优势细菌普罗威登斯菌属（Providencia）DY8、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）DY3和芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）DY1-4。其对溶液中的Cd²⁺表现出较好的吸附作用,吸附效率随着Cd²⁺浓度升高而降低。DY8、DY3、DY1-4能使镉污染土壤中有效Cd含量分别降低72.11%、68.55%、62.32%,同时显著提高镉污染土壤中碱解氮、有效磷的含量。[结论] Cd污染农田土壤中含有丰富的耐Cd微生物资源,Cd吸附细菌能降低土壤中有效Cd的含量,且能有效改善土壤养分条件。     

小麦芽依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶Ⅱ不能转录绒毛烟斑驳病毒及其拟病毒

小麦芽经过匀浆、沉淀、高速及超速离心、透析以及DE_(52)离子交换层析等步骤,纯化小麦芽依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶。用α-鹅膏蕈碱抑制试验,证明得到RNA聚合酶Ⅱ。用此聚合酶Ⅱ组建的体外转录体系的研究结果表明,绒毛烟斑驳病毒的拟病毒和卫星RNA(黄瓜花叶病毒相关RNA_3)都不能利用该体系进行转录,类病毒PSTV可进行转录,但转录效率明显低于小牛胸腺DNA;α-鹅膏簟碱可抑制类病毒的转录。绒毛烟斑驳病毒拟病毒和卫星RNA都不能被转录,表明他们的复制方法与类病毒不同。     

海伦脑炎微孢子虫分泌蛋白EhPTP4对宿主内质网蛋白降解通路的调控作用

【目的】微孢子虫是一类专性细胞内寄生的真核病原微生物,能够感染人类和几乎所有的动物。本课题以海伦脑炎微孢子虫（Encephalitozoon hellem）为研究对象,探讨其极管蛋白4（EhPTP4）作为一个潜在的分泌性毒力因子在宿主细胞内的定位和功能。【方法】制备EhPTP4的鼠源多克隆抗体,利用间接免疫荧光分析和Western blotting确定EhPTP4在感染细胞中的亚细胞定位;基于序列特征,在HEK293细胞中转染野生型和突变体EhPTP4,分析该蛋白的定位及其对病原增殖的作用;利用RNA-seq对转染EhPTP4的HEK293细胞进行转录组测序,分析EhPTP4引起的宿主基因表达和通路的变化;进一步通过RNAi和细胞转染分析差异表达基因的调控作用,利用RT-qPCR和Western blotting验证调控效果。【结果】EhPTP4的N端具有信号肽,C端具有富含组氨酸的结构域（HRD）和核定位信号序列（NLS）。蛋白定位分析显示,在感染和转染细胞中,EhPTP4均被分泌至宿主细胞核内。在HEK293细胞中过表达EhPTP4显著促进了病原的增殖。RNA-seq和蛋白泛素化分...     

渤海海域渤东凹陷沙河街组四段古生物组合的发现及其意义

渤海海域渤东凹陷沙河街组四段内发现了丰富的孢粉、藻类和轮藻类化石组合,孢粉组合与渤海湾沿岸地区沙河街组四段的E phedri pites-Ulmoidei pites tricostatus-Pterisis porites组合特征一致,沟鞭藻类见有Luxadinium elongatum,Cangaianella e...     

杉木人工林水量平衡和蒸散的研究

 本文根据我们严密设计的小集水区径流场连续6年的水文测定数据,进行了杉木人工林水量平衡和蒸散的研究。结果表明：集水区年平均降雨量1065.5mm, 在林冠作用面降雨量的分配中,林冠截留雨量264.6mm,截留率24.8%;穿透过林冠层的雨量799.82mm,树干径流量1.08mm,分别占降雨量的75.1%和0.1%。林内降水到达林地时,在枯枝落叶层这个作用面上净降水进行再分配,其中,地表径流量9.27mm,地下径流量203.00mm,总径流系数0.199。土壤蓄水量月变化较大,但年变化很小,占降雨量的1.2%。系统水量最大的输出是蒸散,每年以气态形式返回大气的水量866.03mm,占降雨量81.3%。在蒸散的水量中,林冠截留雨量的直接物理蒸发量为264.6mm,占总蒸散量的31.6%。     

Impacts of fish aggregation devices on size structures of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis

Tuna purse seine fisheries target fish aggregated in schools, including free schools that are formed naturally based on fish biology and aggregations associated with natural and/or artificial drifting objects. Using data collected from skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) fisheries, we evaluated differences in size structures between drifting-floating-object-associated schools and unassociated schools. We developed a generalized linear model to remove impacts of environmental variables on skipjack size composition. This study indicates that the drifting-floating-object-associated schools tended to have significantly wider size ranges than the unassociated schools. This suggests that unassociated schools were likely formed based on similarity in sizes among individuals within a school while drifting-floating-object-associated schools were probably composed of individuals of large size ranges and their formation was not based on the “size selection” rule. We concluded that the unassociated schools and the drifting-floating-object-associated schools were formed through different mechanisms, and drifting floating objects could aggregate unassociated schools of different size structures. Thus, a large scale of deployment of man-made floating objects might disrupt the spatial aggregation pattern of fish that otherwise tended to school based on their sizes in the absence of floating objects.     

乙型脑炎病毒DNA初免-蛋白加强策略在小鼠模型上的免疫效应评价

为了评价基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒prM-E DNA疫苗与prM和EⅢ融合抗原亚单位疫苗采用DNA初免-蛋白加强免疫策略对小鼠的免疫效果,本研究将prM-E融合基因插入到pVAX1真核表达载体中,构建重组表达载体prM-E-pVAX1作为DNA疫苗进行初免,利用原核表达系统获得的prM和EⅢ融合抗原作为亚单位疫苗进行加强免疫。将32只4−6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分成4组,设置prM-E-pVAX1 DNA疫苗组、DNA初免-蛋白加强免疫组、prM和EⅢ融合抗原亚单位疫苗组及pVAX1载体对照组,通过ELISA检测血清中特异性抗体水平;通过噬斑减少中和试验滴定中和抗体滴度;通过细胞因子表达丰度和淋巴细胞增殖试验分析不同疫苗免疫组诱导产生的细胞免疫反应。结果表明,用DNA初免-蛋白加强策略免疫的小鼠诱导产生的中和抗体滴度略高于prM和EⅢ融合抗原亚单位疫苗免疫组,显著高于prM-E-pVAX1 DNA疫苗免疫组。DNA初免-蛋白加强策略在小鼠模型中诱导产生了有效的Th1/Th2型免疫反应,特别是显著诱导了Th1型细胞免疫反应。本研究为预防流行性乙型脑炎提供了新的免疫策略和理论参考依据。     

凝结芽胞杆菌BC01对白羽肉鸡生产性能、免疫器官指数及肠道大肠埃希菌的影响

为研究在饲料中添加凝结芽胞杆菌BC01对白羽肉鸡生产性能、免疫器官指数及肠道大肠埃希菌的影响,将240只白羽肉鸡随机分为4组,试验组1、试验组2、试验组3在饲料中添加凝结芽胞杆菌BC01的终浓度分别为1×10~8、2×10~8、3×10~8 cfu/kg,对照组日粮中不添加任何微生态制剂,饲养6周。结果显示,日粮中添加凝结芽胞杆菌BC01可显著提高肉鸡平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05),降低死淘率(P0.05),胸腺指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P0.05),降低肠道中的大肠埃希菌数量。结果表明,日粮中添加凝结芽胞杆菌BC01,对肉鸡的生长性能有一定的促进作用,提高饲料转化率,提升肉鸡的免疫力,提高肉鸡饲养的经济价值。凝结芽胞杆菌BC01的最佳添加浓度为每公斤饲料添加2×10~8 cfu/kg。     

Chromosome-level genome of Tibetan naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) provides insights into Tibetan highland adaptation

Gymnocypris przewalskii, a cyprinid fish endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, has evolved unique morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics to adapt to the highland environment. Herein, we assembled a high-quality G. przewalskii tetraploid genome with a size of 2.03 Gb and scaffold N50 of 44.93 Mb, which was anchored onto 46 chromosomes. The comparative analysis suggested that gene families related to highland adaptation were significantly expanded in G. przewalskii. According to the G. przewalskii genome, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of 13 schizothoracine fishes, and inferred that the demographic history of G. przewalskii was strongly associated with geographic and eco-environmental alterations. We noticed that G. przewalskii experienced whole-genome duplication, and genes preserved post duplication were functionally associated with adaptation to high salinity and alkalinity. In conclusion, a chromosome-scale G. przewalskii genome provides an important genomic resource for teleost fish, and will particularly promote our understanding of the molecular evolution and speciation of fish in the highland environment.