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101.
Göran Finnvedcn Lars-Gunnar Lindfors 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》1996,1(1):45-48
In 1991, the Nordic Council of Ministers initiated a project on LCA. The objectives of the project have been to develop a Code of Practise for LCA built on Nordic consensus, to provide industry and other practitioners with a set of guidelines for LCA, mainly in “key issue identification” LCAs and to influence the international discussion on the subject. The final phase of the project is now being finished, resulting in Guidelines for LCA, which arc presented here briefly. Important topics are system boundary setting, cutoff criteria, allocations, data quality and impact assessment methods. 相似文献
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Human observations during behavioral studies are expensive, time‐consuming, and error prone. For this reason, automatization of experiments is highly desirable, as it reduces the risk of human errors and workload. The robotic system we developed is simple and cheap to build and handles feeding and data collection automatically. The system was built using mostly off‐the‐shelf components and has a novel feeding mechanism that uses servos to perform refill operations. We used the robotic system in two separate behavioral studies with bumblebees (Bombus terrestris): The system was used both for training of the bees and for the experimental data collection. The robotic system was reliable, with no flight in our studies failing due to a technical malfunction. The data recorded were easy to apply for further analysis. The software and the hardware design are open source. The development of cheap open‐source prototyping platforms during the recent years has opened up many possibilities in designing of experiments. Automatization not only reduces workload, but also potentially allows experimental designs never done before, such as dynamic experiments, where the system responds to, for example, learning of the animal. We present a complete system with hardware and software, and it can be used as such in various experiments requiring feeders and collection of visitation data. Use of the system is not limited to any particular experimental setup or even species. 相似文献
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Elisabeth Lehmberg Joseph A. Traina John A. Chakel Ray-Jen Chang Maria Parkman Michael T. McCaman Peter K. Murakami Vafa Lahidji Jeffrey W. Nelson William S. Hancock Eirik Nestaas Erno PungorJr. 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1999,732(2):7
An RP-HPLC assay was developed for a recombinant adenovirus type 5. During chromatography, intact adenovirus dissociated into its structural components (DNA and proteins) and the viral proteome was separated yielding a characteristic fingerprint. The individual components were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, N-terminal sequencing and amino acid composition. The assay was utilized to measure adenovirus particle concentration through quantification of structural proteins. Each structural protein provided independent measurement of virus concentration allowing verification of accuracy. The assay sensitivity is at or below 2·108 particles. Contrary to the benchmark spectrophotometric assay, the RP-HPLC assay was shown to be insensitive to contaminants common for partially purified adenovirus preparations. 相似文献
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