Frog breeding in rain-fed wetlands after a period of severe drought: implications for predicting the impacts of climate change

Globally, rain-fed wetlands provide critical habitat for a wide range of amphibian species, however, information on the use of rain-fed wetlands by Australian frog species is extremely limited. This study examined the distribution of frog breeding in rain-fed wetlands following the first significant rain event after a period of severe drought (2002–2009) in order to predict how frog communities may be affected in the future by changed climate. Tadpole communities along with vegetation and water quality variables were described in 35 rain-fed wetlands across the South West Slopes and Riverina bioregions of inland south-eastern Australia. In addition, weekly tadpole surveys were conducted in a subset of these wetlands to describe temporal patterns of occupancy. Despite the protracted dry period prior to this study 50% of the rain-fed wetlands surveyed contained tadpoles. However, frog communities were species poor with only five species recorded. The majority of wetlands were dominated be a single species, Limnodynastes tasmaniensis which is also common within permanent waterbodies such as farm dams and irrigation infrastructure in both bioregions. Tadpoles of two burrowing species L. interioris and Neobatrachus sudelli were restricted to a small number of wetlands mostly in the South West Slopes. The composition of tadpole communities changed over time, and Crinia parinsignifera was the only species that continued to breed over winter. The dominance of generalist species within rain-fed wetlands indicates that characteristics such as dispersal capability, flexibility in breeding times and the ability to utilise created habitats may be more important than burrowing ability and longevity when predicting vulnerability to climate change.     

Genes expressed during sexual differentiation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Four genes specifically expressed during gametogenesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been cloned and their expression patterns analyzed. mRNAs encoded by these gamete-specific genes (gas) were absent or present only at very low levels in vegetative cells and mature zygotes. In young zygotes 2 h after gamete fusion, the mRNAs of three gas genes still persisted. The gas mRNAs accumulated during gametic differentiation. The temporal patterns of accumulation of individual mRNAs differed; some started to increase early during gametogenesis, others accumulated in the late phase. The accumulation of one of the late mRNAs (gas28) was stricly light-dependent. To illustrate the utility of the genes cloned in the analysis of sexual differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii we show that in a gametogenesis-defective mutant, the expression of late genes is prevented while that of early genes is normal.     

World culture collections ofRhizobium

Summary Reliable and efficientRhizobium germplasm banks are essential for the development of research and for practical application. The second edition of the World Catalogue ofRhizobium Collections lists 64 institutions in 38 countries holding some 3000 effective, tested strains. MIRCENs Culture Collections are playing an important role in this way and in the dissemination of valuable strains for legume inoculation. Constraints for development are: adequate facilities and equipment, trained personnel, co-ordination of effort. Recommendations are: preparation of an inventory on technical aspects, new directives for training and for next edition of the Catalogue, establishment of specialized germplasm banks.

---

Resumen Los bancos de germoplasma deRhizobium son esenciales tanto para el desarrollo de la investigación como para el de las aplicaciones prácticas. La segunda edición del catálogo mundial de las colecciones deRhizobium cuenta con 64 instituciones repartidas en 38 países con un total de más de 3000 cepas de probada eficacia. Las colecciones de cultivos de los MIRCEN tienen un papel importante tanto en su valor intrínseco como en la distribución de cepas eficaces para la inoculación de leguminosas. Los principales problemas con los que se enfrenta su desarrollo son: facilidades adecuadas y equipamientos; personal cualificado y coordinación de esfuerzos. Las recomendaciones son: preparación de inventarios sobre aspectos técnicos; nuevas directrices para la formación de personal y para la edición de catálogos; establecimiento de bancos de germoplasma especializados.

---

Résumé Des collections deRhizobium fiables et efficaces sont essentielles à la fois pour la recherche et pour les applications agricoles. La deuxième édition du catalogue mondial des collections deRhizobium comporte 64 institutions, situées dans 38 pays, et environ 3.000 souches testées. Les collections de cultures des MIRCEn jouent un rôle important sur le plan scientifique et en ce qui concerne la distribution de souches utilisées pour l'inoculation des légumineuses. Leur développement est soumis à des difficultés concernant les installations et l'équipement, le personnel qualifié, et la coordination des efforts. Il est recommandé de faire l'inventaire des aspects techniques et de formuler de nouvelles directives pour la formation technique, pour la prépartion d'une nouvelle édition du catalogue, et pour l'établissement d'une banque de gènes spécialisée.

---

---

Invited paper presented at the VII International Conference on the Global Impacts of Applied Microbiology, Helsinki, 12–16.8.1985. Session 2     

Genetic structure of Triatoma venosa (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): molecular and morphometric evidence

Triatoma venosa presents a restricted geographical distribution in America and is considered as a secondary vector of Chagas disease in Colombia and Ecuador. A total of 120 adult insects were collected in domestic and peridomestic habitats in an endemic area of the department of Boyacá, Colombia, in order to determine their genetic structure through morphometric and molecular techniques. The head and wings of each specimen were used for the analyses of size, shape, and sexual dimorphism. A significant sexual dimorphism was found, although no differences in size among the studied groups were detected. Differences were found in the analyzed structures except for male heads. DNA was extracted from the legs in order to carry out the internal transcriber space-2 (ITS-2) amplification and the randon amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. Length polymorphisms were not detected in the ITS-2. Fst and Nm values were estimated (0.047 and 3.4, respectively). The high genetic flow found among the insects captured in the domicile and peridomiciliary environment does not permit a genetic differentiation, thus establishing the peridomicile as an important place for epidemiological surveillance.     

Atrial granules in the dog heart after cardiac denervation

Summary Because the increase in sodium excretion during left atrial distension in conscious dogs is abolished after chronic cardiac denervation, we have investigated whether this is a result of the disappearance of specific atrial granules. Electron microscopy and light-microscopical and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry of canine atria show that atrial granules displaying immunoreactivity for cardiac hormones of the cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic polypeptide (CDD/ANP) family are still present in denervated left and right atria, although reduced in quantity. It is concluded that the atrial-induced natriuresis is not only related to the existence of specific atrial granules. The functional link between atrial-induced natriuresis provoked by atrial distension and the release of atrial polypeptide hormones remains uncertain because the denervated heart can secrete CDD although the diuretic-natriuretic effect is altered.     

Dehydration of a polyether type extraction agent and of the corresponding K+ complex: insights into liquid-liquid extraction mechanisms by quantum chemical methods

In this paper we report a quantum chemical study performed at the B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) level of theory on structural and energetic aspects of the sequential dehydration of a tetra-hydrated polyethylene-glycol type podand (1,2-bis-{2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-benzene, hereafter b33) and its complex with the K(+) cation. Thermodynamical parameters were determined by hessian quantum calculations performed using a self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) method, taking into account solvent (dichloromethane) effects. The results allowed the estimation of dehydration enthalpies, entropies and free energies for the hydrated free b33 podand and its corresponding K(+) cation complex in dichloromethane. The low absolute values found for the dehydration free energies as well as the structural features found for the optimized structures and the corresponding basis superposition calculated interaction energies, support the hypothesis of an interfacial complexation type mechanism governing the assisted extraction of K(+) from an aqueous toward an organic phase, in liquid/liquid extraction.     

Physiologische Spannweite der SchattenpflanzeOxalis acetosella

Zusammenfassung Die WaldschattenpflanzeOxalis acetosella vermag nur Schattenblätter auszubilden. Aberdie physiologische Spannweite —d.h. der physiologische Unterschied zwischen den extremsten Schattenblättern und denen, die den Lichtblättern am nächsten kommen, d. h. solchen, die sich bei 0,5% und 50% des vollen Tageslichtes entwickelt hatten, ist doch beträchtlich. Die Werte für Respiration, maximale Photosynthese bei einem CO₂-Druck von 0,228 mm Hg, Chlorophyllgehalt und Arealgewicht von den extrement Schattenblättern und von denen, die den Lichtblättern am nächsten kommen, sind miteinander verglichen.Mit 3 TextabbildungenHerrn Professor Dr.Arthur Pisek, dem unermüdlichen Forscher der Stoffproduktion, zum 70. Geburtstag am 10. Januar 1964.