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51.
52.
Erik Peper 《Biological cybernetics》1970,7(3):107-112
Summary Experiments with feedback stimulation triggered from the subject's electroencephalogram result in changing the sequential time series of intervals of occipital alpha and intervals of little or no alpha EEG activity. The rate of recurrence of alpha and no-alpha EEG can be changed by regulating the external feedback stimuli or by asking the subject to change his internal state. Four different paradigms were investigated and the results interpreted in terms of the hypothesis that oculomotor functions regulate the occurrence and nonoccurrence of alpha.This work was supported by NIGMS Grants 5 PO1 GM 14940-04 and GM 15006-03.Most of this research was conducted at the Perception Laboratory, Veterans' Administration Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts, with the cooperation of Dr. Thomas B. Mulholland. 相似文献
53.
Erik Schwarzbach 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1968,38(7):301-303
Zusammenfassung Die Schätzung der Varianzkomponenten bei Versuchen mit festen Variabilitätsursachen, z. B. bei der Prüfung von Sorten, Behandlungen usw., ist nur dann sinnvoll, wenn die Varianzkomponenten so definiert sind, daß ihre Summe der Gesamtvarianz gleich ist, d. h. daß sie sich additiv verhalten. Will man die so definierten Varianzkomponenten erwartungstreu schätzen, muß man die Überhöhung der mittleren Quadrate, die durch Division mit Freiheitsgraden statt mit der Gruppenzahl entstanden ist, wieder korrigieren. Diese Korrektion entfällt bei der Schätzung der Varianz von Zufallswirkungen.Die Erwartungswerte der mittleren Quadrate der üblichen varianzanalytischen Zerlegung und die erwartungstreuen Schätzungen der additiv definierten Varianzkomponenten werden am Beispiel eines Versuches mit zwei konstanten Variabilitätsursachen und einer Zufallseinwirkung dargelegt.
Estimating variance components in a fixed model of variance analysis
Summary The partition of a variance into components in experiments with fixed effects, i.e. experiments with varieties, treatment etc., is meaningful only if components are defined as additive parts of a whole. This also demands that the sum of the components of variance be equal to the total variance. Such additivity of the components of variance is achieved by appropriate definitions of the components of variance. Unbiassed estimates of the additively defined components of variance are obtained by a simple correction which eliminates the influence of degrees of freedom on the calculation of mean squares. This correction is not needed for the estimation of variances of random effects.The expected values of mean squares for the partition of variance and formulas for unbiassed estimates of additively defined components of variance are demonstrated in an experiment with two fixed effects and one random effect.相似文献
54.
Monotropa Hypopitys L. — an Epiparasite on Tree Roots 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
55.
56.
Empis borealisfemales form swarms, and males carrying a nuptial gift come to swarms to mate. Males either mated with one of the females (accepted swarms) or left swarms without mating (refused swarms). Males mated with the younger (low wing-wear) and relatively larger females in accepted swarms. They seemed to be able to judge the relative size of the females but to ignore their absolute size. Visiting males stayed shorter in accepted swarms as female size variation increased. This probably reflects their greater ease in choosing a mate among females of relatively different sizes. Females in accepted swarms tended to be larger and to have less worn wings than females in rejected swarms. 相似文献
57.
Food limitation and social regulation in a red fox population 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Erik Lindström 《Ecography》1989,12(1):70-79
This study evaluates a conceptual model on functional and numerical response to short-term fluctuating vole populations of a red fox ( Vulpes vulpes L.) population in south-central Sweden. The model assumes that this particular population is located in between socially regulated stable populations to the south and direct food-limited populations to the north. The model predicts: (1) food availability as the primary factor for limiting fox numbers, causing reduced rates of reproduction and survival during years of low vole densities, and (2) density-dependent regulation during years of increasing and high vole densities resulting in increased group sizes within territories of fixed dimensions. During 1973–1980 data were obtained from 1216 fox scats, 874 fox carcasses, 63 tagged foxes, nine radio-collared females and from yearly den counts in an area of 130 km2 , Eight predictions of the model were tested. These concerned the occurrence of small rodents in fox diet, fluctuations in the density of foxes, variations in the number of fox litters, the effect on reproduction of providing supplemental food during January–May, the proportion of vixens bearing a litter different years, dispersal of young males relative to that of young females throughout the vole cycle, and variations in mortality rates of young males and females. All tests were in favour of the conceptual model, and contradictory to alternative models. 相似文献
58.
The inhibiting effect of 14 typical creosote compounds on the aerobic degradation of toluene was studied in batch experiments. Four NSO-compounds (pyrrole, 1-methylpyrrole, thiophene, and benzofuran) strongly inhibited the degradation of toluene. When the NSO-compounds were present together with toluene, little or no degradation of toluene was observed during 16 days of incubation, compared with a total removal of toluene within 4 days when the four compounds were absent. Indole (an N-compound) and three phenolic compounds (phenol, o-cresol, and 2,4-dimethylphenol) also inhibited the degradation of toluene, though the effect was much weaker that of the four NSO-compounds. O-xylene, p-xylene, naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene seemed to stimulate the degradation even though the influence was very weak. No effects of benzothiophene (an S-compound) and quinoline (an N-compound) were observed. Benzofuran (an O-compound) was identified as the compound that most inhibited the degradation of toluene. An effect could be detected even at low concentrations (40 g/l).Abbreviations bf
benzofuran
- bt
benzothiophene
- dmp
2,4-dimethylphenol
- GC
gas chromatograph
- ind
indole
- mnap
1-methylnaphthalene
- MAH
monoaromatic hydrocarbons
- mpyr
1-methylpyrrole
- nap
naphthalene
-
o-cre
o-cresol
-
o-xyl
o-xylene
- phe
phenol
- pyr
pyrrole
-
p-xyl
p-xylene
- tol
toluene
- thi
thiophene
- qui
quinoline 相似文献
59.
Several major proteins of synaptic vesicles from rat or cow brain sediment as a large complex on sucrose density gradients when solubilized in nonionic detergents. A vacuolar H(+)-ATPase identified by sensitivity to bafilomycin A1 appears to be associated with this oligomeric protein complex. Two subunits of this complex, synaptic vesicle proteins S and U, correspond to the 57-kDa (B) and 39-kDa accessory (Ac39) subunits, respectively, of bovine chromaffin granule vacuolar H(+)-ATPase as shown by Western immunoblot analysis. The five subunits of the oligomeric complex constitute approximately 20% of the total protein of rat brain synaptic vesicles. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the abundant, multisubunit complex partially purified from brain synaptic vesicles by density gradient centrifugation is a vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. Bafilomycin A1 completely blocks proton pumping in rat brain synaptic vesicles as measured by [14C]methylamine uptake and also blocks catecholamine accumulation measured by [3H]dopamine uptake. Moreover, ATPase activity, [14C]methylamine uptake, and [3H]dopamine uptake are inhibited by bafilomycin A1 at similar I50 values of approximately 1.7 nmol/mg of protein. These findings indicate that the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is essential for proton pumping as well as catecholamine uptake by mammalian synaptic vesicles. 相似文献
60.
Caterina Crescimanno Jean-Michel Foidart Agns Noël Myriam Polette Erik Maquoi Philippe Birembaut Eugenia Baramova Peter Kaufmann Mario Castellucci 《Experimental cell research》1996,227(2):240
Implantation and placental development are dependent upon trophoblast invasion of the endometrium. While the villous trophoblast does not display invasive behavior, the extravillous cytotrophoblast is highly invasive. By cloning BeWo choriocarcinoma cells, we have isolated two distinct clones that share similarities with villous and extravillous cytotrophoblasts. When cultured at the surface of a type I collagen gel, BeWo MC-1 cells were not invasive, whereas BeWo MC-2 cells rapidly invaded this matrix. When injected subcutaneously in nude mice, BeWo MC-1 cells developed a localized tumor and BeWo MC-2 cells developed larger tumors with micrometastases. Gelatinase A expression and minute amounts of gelatinase B were detected in the parental cell line and in both clones. However, the parental and the BeWo MC-2 cells secreted 5- to 10-fold more gelatinase A than the BeWo MC-1 cells. Laminin and matrigel stimulated the production of gelatinase A in BeWo MC-2 cells. Type I collagen promoted the conversion of the 72-kDa progelatinase A in an active enzyme only in parental BeWo and in BeWo MC-2 cells. These clones provide an interesting model for studying the complex mechanisms regulating implantation as well as the controlled invasiveness during implantation compared to tumor invasion. 相似文献