Foraminifera from the Silberberg Formation («Lower Oligocene») at Silberberg,near Helmstedt (Germany)

From the Silberberg Quarry, type locality of the Silberberg Formation (Martini &Ritzkowski 1968), some planktonic foraminifera are described:Globigerina officinalis Subbotina, Globigerina ouachitaensisHowe &Wallace,G. praebulloides leroyi Blow &Banner, G.praebulloides occlusa Blow &Banner which taxa are here suggested to form intergrading morphotypes within the range of variation of a population dominated byG. officinalis. In addition,G. cf.danvillensis Howe &Wallace is found. The planktonic fauna, together with some elements in the benthonic fauna, suggests a possible correlation with the Danville Landing Member of the Jackson Formation, Louisiana, traditionally ascribed to the Upper Eocene. There is some similarity with European Uppermost Eocene — Lower Oligocene faunas described by various authors. The Silberberg Formation was suggested to be a Neostratotype for the Latdorfian Stage of the Lower Oligocene byMartini &Ritzkowski (1968). It is suggested that the Silberberg Formation may well be coeval with the Upper Priabonian as proposed byCita 1969.     

Some observations on coleoptile cell ultrastructure in ungerminated grains of rice (Oryza sativa L)

Summary The ultrastructure of coleoptile cells of ungerminated rice grains has been examined following fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. In many respects the cell structure resembles that reported for other dormant seed tissues: the cells contain protein bodies and lipid droplets, mitochondria and plastids show little internal structure but cytoplasm invaginates into many plastids; golgi cisternae cannot be discerned. Rough ER is present as cisternae surrounding protein bodies, as occasional regions of parallel layers, and in concentric whorls where it alternates with smooth paired membranes of an unknown nature. The ribosomes on the ER are at least partly arranged into regular rows. Various crystalline, presumably proteinaceous, inclusions lie in the groundplasm, plastids and nuclei.     

“Unblocking” Serum Activity <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> in the Polyoma System may Correlate with Antitumour Effects of Antiserum <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis>

In a variety of tumour systems, individuals carrying progressively growing neoplasms have lymphoid cells with a specific cytotoxic effect on cultured tumour cells from the same individual^1–4. Since the sera of tumour-bearing individuals have been shown to prevent tumour cell destruction by immune lymphocytes in vitro^2,5–8 and since this serum blocking activity appears early in primary and transplant tumour development^5,7, it has been suggested that the appearance of this serum blocking activity might be responsible for the progressive growth of tumours in individuals having cytotoxic lymphocytes. Counteraction of this blocking activity would thus be of primary importance in facilitating the function of an already existing or bolstered cell-mediated immunity. The serum blocking activity might be inhibited in various ways, by preventing the formation of blocking antibody or by interfering with its action (“unblocking”), as demonstrated in Moloney sarcoma regressor sera⁹. This type of serum also has a therapeutic effect on Moloney sarcomas in vivo^10,11, which has been tentatively attributed to its unblocking activity^8,9 or, possibly, to a complement-dependent cytotoxicity¹⁰. Tumour growth in the Moloney sarcoma system, however, might be due in part to continuous recruitment of neoplastic cells by virus-induced transformation and so the therapeutic effect could be due to a virus-neutralizing serum activity^9,10.     

Association of Viral Reverse Transcriptase with an Enzyme degrading the RNA Moiety of RNA-DNA Hybrids

DURING replication of RNA tumour viruses, the genetic information contained in the viral RNA seems to be transferred to DNA^1,2. Studies on the enzymatic activities present in the virus particles suggest that this transfer is mediated by an RNA dependent DNA polymerase^3,4. RNA-DNA hybrids have been demonstrated to occur as intermediates in this reaction⁵ and single stranded DNA is generated as an early reaction product⁶, which is then replicated to give a double stranded DNA product^6–8. The mechanism by which the single stranded DNA is displaced from the RNA template is, however, not known.     

Reconstitution of a GTPase Activity a 50S Ribosomal Protein from <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis>

DURING each step of peptide chain elongation the ribosome shifts up one triplet along the messenger RNA with concomitant movement of the peptidyl-transfer RNA from the donor to the acceptor site. This process, commonly known as translocation, is triggered by a supernatant protein, factor G, which in association with the ribosome cleaves GTP into GDP and inorganic phosphate^1,2 and it has been argued that the energy liberated in this reaction is used “to carry the complex one triplet forward”³.     

Feedback regulation of the alpha electroencephalogram activity through control of the internal and external parameters

Summary Experiments with feedback stimulation triggered from the subject's electroencephalogram result in changing the sequential time series of intervals of occipital alpha and intervals of little or no alpha EEG activity. The rate of recurrence of alpha and no-alpha EEG can be changed by regulating the external feedback stimuli or by asking the subject to change his internal state. Four different paradigms were investigated and the results interpreted in terms of the hypothesis that oculomotor functions regulate the occurrence and nonoccurrence of alpha.This work was supported by NIGMS Grants 5 PO1 GM 14940-04 and GM 15006-03.Most of this research was conducted at the Perception Laboratory, Veterans' Administration Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts, with the cooperation of Dr. Thomas B. Mulholland.     

Die Schätzung der Varianzkomponenten beim Fixwertmodell der Varianzanalyse

Zusammenfassung Die Schätzung der Varianzkomponenten bei Versuchen mit festen Variabilitätsursachen, z. B. bei der Prüfung von Sorten, Behandlungen usw., ist nur dann sinnvoll, wenn die Varianzkomponenten so definiert sind, daß ihre Summe der Gesamtvarianz gleich ist, d. h. daß sie sich additiv verhalten. Will man die so definierten Varianzkomponenten erwartungstreu schätzen, muß man die Überhöhung der mittleren Quadrate, die durch Division mit Freiheitsgraden statt mit der Gruppenzahl entstanden ist, wieder korrigieren. Diese Korrektion entfällt bei der Schätzung der Varianz von Zufallswirkungen.Die Erwartungswerte der mittleren Quadrate der üblichen varianzanalytischen Zerlegung und die erwartungstreuen Schätzungen der additiv definierten Varianzkomponenten werden am Beispiel eines Versuches mit zwei konstanten Variabilitätsursachen und einer Zufallseinwirkung dargelegt.

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Estimating variance components in a fixed model of variance analysis

Summary The partition of a variance into components in experiments with fixed effects, i.e. experiments with varieties, treatment etc., is meaningful only if components are defined as additive parts of a whole. This also demands that the sum of the components of variance be equal to the total variance. Such additivity of the components of variance is achieved by appropriate definitions of the components of variance. Unbiassed estimates of the additively defined components of variance are obtained by a simple correction which eliminates the influence of degrees of freedom on the calculation of mean squares. This correction is not needed for the estimation of variances of random effects.The expected values of mean squares for the partition of variance and formulas for unbiassed estimates of additively defined components of variance are demonstrated in an experiment with two fixed effects and one random effect.

     

Uraninschwellen des Protoplasmas der BraunalgeStypocaulon scoparium

Ohne Zusammenfassung