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201.
Eric L. Charnov 《Evolutionary ecology》1995,9(3):288-291
Summary Offspring production over the adult lifespan (b/M whereb is the yearly fledgling or offspring production and 1/M is the mean adult lifespan) is an approximate invariant within both birds and mammals. The two taxa differ, however, in that mammals have bothM and b as invariants (b/M = b/M) while birds do not ( is the age at first breeding). Birds have a surprising cancellation in that bothM andb are
–0.25. 相似文献
202.
Specific Activity of Brain Palmitoyl-CoA Pool Provides Rates of Incorporation of Palmitate in Brain Phospholipids in Awake Rats 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Eric Grange Joseph Deutsch Quentin R. Smith Michael Chang Stanley I. Rapoport A. David Purdon 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,65(5):2290-2298
Abstract: In vivo rates of palmitate incorporation into brain phospholipids were measured in awake rats following programmed intravenous infusion of unesterified [9,10-3 H]palmitate to maintain constant plasma specific activity. Animals were killed after 2–10 min of infusion by microwave irradiation and analyzed for tracer distribution in brain phospholipid and phospholipid precursor, i.e., brain unesterified palmitate and palmitoyl-CoA, pools. [9,10-3 H]Palmitate incorporation into brain phospholipids was linear with time and rapid, with >50% of brain tracer in choline-containing glycerophospholipids at 2 min of infusion. However, tracer specific activity in brain phospholipid precursor pools was low and averaged only 1.6–1.8% of plasma unesterified palmitate specific activity. Correction for brain palmitoyl-CoA specific activity increased the calculated rate of palmitate incorporation into brain phospholipids (0.52 nmol/s/g) by ∼60-fold. The results suggest that palmitate incorporation and turnover in brain phospholipids are far more rapid than generally assumed and that this rapid turnover dilutes tracer specific activity in brain palmitoyl-CoA pool owing to release and recycling of unlabeled fatty acid from phospholipid breakdown. 相似文献
203.
A reevaluation of floral and vegetative morphology together with data from analysis of floral fragrance and flavonoid co-pigment
chemistry suggest that specific status is warranted for the two kinds ofPhalaenopsis violacea Witte known informally as the “Bornean type” and the “Malayan type.”Phalaenopsis violacea var.bellina Rchb.f. is elevated to specific rank, providing a name for the “Bornean type” plants. 相似文献
204.
The effects of weed strips on aphids and aphidophagous predators in an apple orchard 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eric Wyss 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1995,75(1):43-49
Selected weeds were used to attract antagonists of apple aphids in an apple orchard near Berne, Switzerland. In the year before
the experiment, in 1991, the apple aphidsDysaphis plantaginea (Pass.) andAphis pomi (DeGeer) and aphidophagous predators were homogenously distributed in the orchard. In April 1992, weed strips were sown between
tree rows and along the border parallel to the first and the last row of trees in one part (the other part served as control).
In both parts of the orchard, randomly chosen tress were controlled visually in weekly intervals in 1992 and 1993. During
flowering of weeds more aphidophagous predators were observed on the apple trees within the strip-sown area than in the control
area. The most abundant and permanent aphidophagous predators were spiders, predaceous Heteroptera, Coccinellidae, and Chrysopidae.
Both species of aphids were significantly less abundant in the area with weed strips than in the control area during the vegetation
period. The effects of the weed strips on aphidophagous predators, and those of predators on aphids, are discussed. 相似文献
205.
Sixteen new species are proposed in the generaAckermania, Dressleria, Epidendrum, Maxillaria, Oncidium, Rodriguezia, Sigmatostalix, andTrigonidium. All new species are illustrated.Maxillaria vittariifolia L. O. Williams is newly recorded for Peru. A key is provided forTrigonidium of Peru.Trigonidium loretoense Schltr. andT. peruvianum Schltr. are lectotypified. 相似文献
206.
Glycans of the early human yolk sac 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Summary The pattern of glycan distribution in the early human yolk sac has been investigated using a panel of lectins. Two 6-week
and one 8-week human yolk sacs, and one 8-week fetal liver from live, ectopic pregnancies were fixed and embedded in epoxy
resin. Lectin histochemistry was carried out on sections of these tissues using 23 biotinylated lectins and an avidin-biotin
peroxidase revealing system. Mesothelial surfaces expressed most subsets of N-glycans (other than high mannose types),N-acetyl-lactosamine, sialic acid, andα1,6-N-acetylgalactosamine. Endodermal surface and lateral membranes resembled those of mesothelium, but showed a preponderance
ofα2,6-sialyl residues. Most intracellular granules contained N-glycan. There was a marked heterogeneity of granules in the endodermal
cells, with different subsets varying in both staining and positional characteristics. The mesenchymal matrix bound most of
the lectins used in the study, and expressed fucosyl residues which were also detected in the endothelium. Fetal liver parenchyma
showed very similar staining patterns to those seen in the endoderm except for the distribution ofN-acetylglucosamine, which was sparse. Despite some common features, each germ cell layer had a distinct ‘glycotype’, with
some saccharides showing extreme topographical restriction. 相似文献
207.
Regulation, replication, and integration functions of the Vibrio cholerae CTXφ are encoded by region RS2 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Matthew K. Waldor Eric J. Rubin Gregory D. N. Pearson Harvey Kimsey & John J. Mekalanos 《Molecular microbiology》1997,24(5):917-926
CTXφ is a filamentous phage that encodes cholera toxin, one of the principal virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae . CTXφ is unusual among filamentous phages because it can either replicate as a plasmid or integrate into the V. cholerae chromosome at a specific site. The CTXφ genome has two regions, the 'core' and RS2. Integrated CTXφ is frequently flanked by an element known as RS1 which is related to RS2. The nucleotide sequences of RS2 and RS1 were determined. These related elements contain three nearly identical open reading frames (ORFs), which in RS2 were designated rstR , rstA2 and rstB2 . RS1 contains an additional ORF designated rstC . Functional analyses indicate that rstA2 is required for CTXφ replication and rstB2 is required for CTXφ integration. The amino terminus of RstR is similar to the amino termini of other phage-encoded repressors, and RstR represses the expression of rstA2 . Although genes with related functions are clustered in the genome of CTXφ in a way similar to those for other filamentous phages, the CTXφ RS2-encoded gene products mediating replication, integration and repression appear to be novel. 相似文献
208.
Mas Eric; Crotte Christian; Lecestre Dominique; Michalski Jean-Claude; Escribano Maria-Juana; Lombardo Dominique; Sadoulet Marie-Odile 《Glycobiology》1997,7(6):745-752
The fetoacinar pancreatic protein (FAP), characterized by themAb J28, is an oncofetal form of bile salt dependent lipase(BSDL), the expression of which is related to pancreatic differentiationand neoplastic processes. Because the J28 epitope, recognizedby imAb J28, is suggested to be dependent upon carbohydrates,we have attempted to gain information about the structure ofthis epitope. Indeed, treatment of FAP with sodium periodateabolished the reactivity of the protein to mAb J28, which demonstratesthe implication of oligosaccharides in the structure of theJ28 epitope. FAP offers both O-linked and N-linked carbohydratestructures, of which, as we have determined, one is involved.Peptides obtained after cyanogen bromide cleavage were desialylatedthen separated by affinity chromatography on an immobilizedpeanut agglutinin agarose column. The peptide retained on thiscolumn carried out the reactivity with the mAb J28. Althoughsome differences in amino acid analysis were observed, the N-terminalsequence of this peptide correlates with that of the C-terminalpart of the enzyme. Carbohydrate analysis of the peptide bearingthe J28 epitope revealed fucose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine,N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid. The competitionobserved between mAb J28 and Ulex europaeus I lectin for bindingto the J28 epitope suggested that fucose residue a (12)linked to a galactose residue was implicated in the structureof the J28 epitope. Alternatively, the loss of the mAb J28 reactivityupon treatment of FAP either with bovine kidney or bovine epididymisfucosidase was observed indicating that fucose residues linkedat the 相似文献
209.
Cinnamoyl CoA reductase, the first committed enzyme of the lignin branch biosynthetic pathway: cloning, expression and phylogenetic relationships 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
210.
Michael Garrick Donna Scott Susannah Walpole Eric Finkelstein Joy Whitbred Sandeep Chopra Lalitha Trivikram David Mayes Daphne Rhodes Kimberly Cabbagestalk Rahmi Oklu Adnan Sadiq Brett Mascia James Hoke Laura Garrick 《Biometals》1997,10(2):65-76
Belgrade rats inherit microcytic, hypochromic anemia as an autosomalrecessive trait (gene symbol b). Erythrocytes and tissue are iron deficientin the face of elevated TIBC (total iron binding capacity) and percent ironsaturation; iron injections increased the number of erythrocytes but theirappearance remained abnormal. We have investigated iron supplements toimprove husbandry of b/b rats and to learn more about the underlying defectand its tissue distribution. Weekly IM (intramuscular) injections ofiron–dextran (Imferon at 30 mg kg) improved the anemia but did not alter thered cell morphology. Certain diets also improved the health of b/b rats whencompared to standard rat chows by the criteria of weight, survival toadulthood, hematology and reproduction. The critical nutritional factorturned out to be iron bioavailability, with ferrous iron added to the dietimproving the health of Belgrade rats without affecting the underlyingerythroid defect. Tissue iron measurements after dietary or parenteralsupplementation confirmed the iron deficient status of untreated b/b rats andestablished that dietary ferrous iron partially relieved this deficiency,with injections leading to greater amounts of tissue iron. Serum iron andTIBC were also found to be elevated in untreated b/b rats, with dietarysupplementation decreasing but not eliminating the elevation in TIBC. Thesestudies indicate that iron supplements can improve the health of b/b ratswithout altering the underlying defect and also suggest that the mutationcould alter iron uptake in the GI (gastrointestinal) tract. 相似文献