全文获取类型
收费全文 | 112856篇 |
免费 | 2203篇 |
国内免费 | 830篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 88篇 |
2022年 | 188篇 |
2021年 | 465篇 |
2020年 | 209篇 |
2019年 | 314篇 |
2018年 | 12124篇 |
2017年 | 10900篇 |
2016年 | 7958篇 |
2015年 | 1562篇 |
2014年 | 1349篇 |
2013年 | 1554篇 |
2012年 | 5882篇 |
2011年 | 14357篇 |
2010年 | 12996篇 |
2009年 | 9051篇 |
2008年 | 11056篇 |
2007年 | 12585篇 |
2006年 | 1462篇 |
2005年 | 1682篇 |
2004年 | 2103篇 |
2003年 | 2084篇 |
2002年 | 1787篇 |
2001年 | 422篇 |
2000年 | 254篇 |
1999年 | 225篇 |
1998年 | 262篇 |
1997年 | 177篇 |
1996年 | 145篇 |
1995年 | 123篇 |
1994年 | 120篇 |
1993年 | 141篇 |
1992年 | 112篇 |
1991年 | 129篇 |
1990年 | 87篇 |
1989年 | 72篇 |
1988年 | 70篇 |
1987年 | 72篇 |
1986年 | 47篇 |
1985年 | 65篇 |
1984年 | 72篇 |
1983年 | 86篇 |
1982年 | 79篇 |
1981年 | 74篇 |
1980年 | 75篇 |
1978年 | 65篇 |
1977年 | 43篇 |
1975年 | 42篇 |
1972年 | 258篇 |
1971年 | 280篇 |
1962年 | 43篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
Gregory V. Stark James P. Long Diana I. Ortiz Melicia Gainey Benjamin A. Carper Jingyu Feng Stephen M. Miller John E. Bigger Eric M. Vela 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Influenza A viruses continue to pose a threat to human health; thus, various vaccines and prophylaxis continue to be developed. Testing of these products requires various animal models including mice, guinea pigs, and ferrets. However, because ferrets are naturally susceptible to infection with human influenza viruses and because the disease state resembles that of human influenza, these animals have been widely used as a model to study influenza virus pathogenesis. In this report, a statistical analysis was performed to evaluate data involving 269 ferrets infected with seasonal influenza, swine influenza, and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) from 16 different studies over a five year period. The aim of the analyses was to better qualify the ferret model by identifying relationships among important animal model parameters (endpoints) and variables of interest, which include survival, time-to-death, changes in body temperature and weight, and nasal wash samples containing virus, in addition to significant changes from baseline in selected hematology and clinical chemistry parameters. The results demonstrate that a disease clinical profile, consisting of various changes in the biological parameters tested, is associated with various influenza A infections in ferrets. Additionally, the analysis yielded correlates of protection associated with HPAI disease in ferrets. In all, the results from this study further validate the use of the ferret as a model to study influenza A pathology and to evaluate product efficacy. 相似文献
993.
Anna Nolan Elaine Fajardo Maryann L. Huie Rany Condos Anil Pooran Rodney Dawson Keertan Dheda Eric Bateman William N. Rom Michael D. Weiden 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.45 million deaths annually world wide, the majority of which occur in the developing world. Active TB disease represents immune failure to control latent infection from airborne spread. Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) seen on sputum smear is a biomarker for contagiousness.Methods
We enrolled 73 tuberculosis patients with extensive infiltrates into a research study using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to sample lung immune cells and assay BAL cell cytokine production. All patients had sputum culture demonstrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 59/73 (81%) had AFB identified by microscopy of the sputum. Compared with smear negative patients, smear positive patients at presentation had a higher proportion with smoking history, a higher proportion with temperature >38.50 C, higher BAL cells/ml, lower percent lymphocytes in BAL, higher IL-4 and IL-12p40 in BAL cell supernatants. There was no correlation between AFB smear and other BAL or serum cytokines. Increasing IL-4 was associated with BAL PMN and negatively associated with BAL lymphocytes. Each 10-fold increase in BAL IL-4 and IL-12p40 increased the odds of AFB smear positivity by 7.4 and 2.2-fold, respectively, in a multi-variable logistic model.Conclusion
Increasing IL-4 and IL-12p40 production by BAL cells are biomarkers for AFB in sputum of patients who present with radiographically advanced TB. They likely reflect less effective immune control of pathways for controlling TB, leading to patients with increased infectiousness. 相似文献994.
995.
Erwan Gueguen Eric Durand Xiang Y. Zhang Quentin d’Amalric Laure Journet Eric Cascales 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular complex widespread in Gram-negative bacteria. Although several T6SS are required for virulence towards host models, most are necessary to eliminate competitor bacteria. Other functions, such as resistance to amoeba predation, biofilm formation or adaptation to environmental conditions have also been reported. This multitude of functions is reflected by the large repertoire of regulatory mechanisms shown to control T6SS expression, production or activation. Here, we demonstrate that one T6SS gene cluster encoded within the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis genome, T6SS-4, is regulated by OmpR, the response regulator of the two-component system EnvZ-OmpR. We first identified OmpR in a transposon mutagenesis screen. OmpR does not control the expression of the four other Y. pseudotuberculosis T6SS gene clusters and of an isolated vgrG gene, and responds to osmotic stresses to bind to and activate the T6SS-4 promoter. Finally, we show that T6SS-4 promotes Y. pseudotuberculosis survival in high osmolarity conditions and resistance to deoxycholate. 相似文献
996.
Luomeng Chao Lihong Bao Wei Wei O. Tegus Zhidong Zhang 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2016,11(3):697-701
The optical response of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) nanoparticles has been investigated by both theoretically and experimentally. The LaB6 nanoparticles obtained by solid-state reaction could avoid serious surface oxidization and exhibit excellent optical performance. The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) has been used to investigate the optical response of LaB6 nanoparticles with different sizes and different shapes. The calculation results coincide with the experimental results and reveal that the largest extinction peak value appears at 60 nm for cubic particles and 40 nm for spherical particles, respectively. Our calculation results show that the existence of the largest extinction peak value is not only due to the surface oxides but also relate to the particle shape of LaB6 compound. In addition, the LaB6 nanoparticles with cubic and spherical shapes exhibit different optical responses, and the cubic particles exhibit stronger near infrared (NIR) extinction than spherical particles. With increasing particle size, the extinction peak value of spherical particle decreases more rapidly than that of cubic ones. 相似文献
997.
Lisheng Zhang Feng Zhao Zhipeng Li Yan Fang Peijie Wang 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2016,11(6):1511-1517
We report the synthesis and the characterization of core-shell Au@Ag nanorods through reduction by the wet chemical method. UV-visible absorption spectra of core-shell Au@Ag nanorods demonstrate the longitudinal mode of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) can be tailored from 724 to 786 nm by controlling the thickness of the silver shell, as is assessed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Furthermore, the tunable and well-controlled LSPRs of core-shell Au@Ag nanorods are also investigated by numerical simulation using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, which strongly supports the experimental observations. The growth mechanism for core-shell Au@Ag nanorods is proposed, according to experimental observations and numerical calculations. 相似文献
998.
Jian-Ping Liu Xiang Zhai Ling-Ling Wang Hong-Ju Li Fang Xie Qi Lin Sheng-Xuan Xia 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2016,11(3):703-711
A graphene-based cylindrical hybrid surface plasmon polariton waveguide, composed of a silicon nanowire core surrounded by a silica layer and then a graphene layer, is investigated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The analytical solutions and the numerical simulation show that an ultra-small mode area and a large propagation length can be achieved with this waveguide. Utilizing the perturbation theory of coupled mode, we demonstrate that the six lowest-order coupling modes originate from the coupling of the three lowest-order single-waveguide modes, and the m?=?1 order yy-coupling mode possesses the maximum coupling length and the minimum crosstalk. This waveguide can be used for photonic integrated circuits in the mid-infrared range. 相似文献
999.
We introduce a Y-shaped gap into a silver disk to break the structure symmetry which can be looked as a loop-linked structure. Magnetic resonances are excited by incident light when incident electric field is parallel to the trimer plane. Fano resonance is generated by the coupling between bright electric mode and dark magnetic mode. These resonances can be adjusted by tuning the gap size, the radius of trimer, and the position of Y-shaped gap. The extinction cross section of the structure is calculated with the finite element method (FEM). The maximum figure of merit (FOM) is 37.8. Both the magnetic and electric field are greatly enhanced at the Fano dip and the magnetic resonance peak. 相似文献
1000.
Zhengqi Liu Guiqiang Liu Guolan Fu Shan Huang Shiwen Ren Zhengwang Wang Mulin Liu Xiaoshan Liu 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2016,11(3):781-786
We present a method to theoretically achieve multispectral narrowband light absorption in common metal-dielectric-metal nanocavities. Polarization-independent and wide-angle multi-band light absorption with absorbance up to 99 % is achieved owing to the excitation of multiple localized plasmon cavity modes. Strong interactions between plasmon resonances and photonic modes are further introduced for achieving sharp absorption spectrum with sub-10-nm bandwidth via a high-index dielectric spacer with a thickness exceeding λ/2. These findings can offer new perspectives for multispectral nano-optics devices including perfect light absorbers and subtractive polychromatic filters. 相似文献