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51.
Carla Surlis Keelan McNamara Eoin O’Hara Sinead Waters Marijke Beltman Joseph Cassidy David Kenny 《BMC veterinary research》2017,13(1):391
Background
Caesarean section is a routine veterinary obstetrical procedure employed to alleviate dystocia in cattle. However, CS, particularly before the onset of labour, is known to negatively affect neonatal respiration and metabolic adaptation in humans, though there is little published information for cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of elective caesarean section (ECS) or normal trans-vaginal (TV) delivery, on lung and jejunal gene expression profiles of neonatal calves.Results
Paternal half-sib Angus calves (gestation length 278 + 1.8 d) were delivered either transvaginally (TV; n?=?8) or by elective caesarean section (ECS; n?=?9) and immediately euthanized. Lung and jejunum epithelial tissue was isolated and snap frozen. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent and reverse transcribed to generate cDNA. For lung tissue, primers were designed to target genes involved in immunity, surfactant production, cellular detoxification, membrane transport and mucin production. Primers for jejunum tissue were chosen to target mucin production, immunoglobulin uptake, cortisol reaction and membrane trafficking. Quantitative real-time PCR reactions were performed and data were statistically analysed using mixed models ANOVA. In lung tissue the expression of five genes were affected (p?<?0.05) by delivery method. Four of these genes were present at lower (LAP, CYP1A1, SCN11α and SCN11β) and one (MUC5AC) at higher abundance in ECS compared with TV calves. In jejunal tissue, expression of TNFα, Il-1β and 1 l-6 was higher in ECS compared with TV calves.Conclusions
This novel study shows that ECS delivery affects the expression of key genes involved in the efficiency of the pulmonary liquid to air transition at birth, and may lead to an increased inflammatory response in jejunal tissue, which could compromise colostral immunoglobulin absorption. These findings are important to our understanding of the viability and management of neonatal calves born through ECS.52.
Mediation of synchronous cell-cell interactions by NCAM and PSA-NCAM is examined here in aggregates (monolayers) of C6 polysialylated embryonic neural cells, formed rapidly (within 30 s) in suspension in an ultrasound trap. These cells express all three main isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). The rate of extension of perimeter contact (i.e., membrane spreading) between closely adjacent cells and the temporal reinforcement of the Filamentous (F)-actin cytoskeleton at those regions were measured. Enzymatic removal of the cell-cell repelling polysialic acid (PSA) increases the rate of NCAM-induced membrane spreading, while removal of NCAM-120 had no detectable effect. Competitive peptide inhibition of the third immunoglobulin domain of NCAM significantly reduced the rate of membrane spreading, while NCAM siRNA transfected cells lost their ability to spread. It is argued that NCAM induced contact is the initial requirement for membrane spreading and facilitates conditions for subsequent cytoskeletal reorganization in these neural cells. 相似文献
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Athe M. N. Tsibris Bette Korber Ramy Arnaout Carsten Russ Chien-Chi Lo Thomas Leitner Brian Gaschen James Theiler Roger Paredes Zhaohui Su Michael D. Hughes Roy M. Gulick Wayne Greaves Eoin Coakley Charles Flexner Chad Nusbaum Daniel R. Kuritzkes 《PloS one》2009,4(5)
High-throughput sequencing platforms provide an approach for detecting rare HIV-1 variants and documenting more fully quasispecies diversity. We applied this technology to the V3 loop-coding region of env in samples collected from 4 chronically HIV-infected subjects in whom CCR5 antagonist (vicriviroc [VVC]) therapy failed. Between 25,000–140,000 amplified sequences were obtained per sample. Profound baseline V3 loop sequence heterogeneity existed; predicted CXCR4-using populations were identified in a largely CCR5-using population. The V3 loop forms associated with subsequent virologic failure, either through CXCR4 use or the emergence of high-level VVC resistance, were present as minor variants at 0.8–2.8% of baseline samples. Extreme, rapid shifts in population frequencies toward these forms occurred, and deep sequencing provided a detailed view of the rapid evolutionary impact of VVC selection. Greater V3 diversity was observed post-selection. This previously unreported degree of V3 loop sequence diversity has implications for viral pathogenesis, vaccine design, and the optimal use of HIV-1 CCR5 antagonists. 相似文献
56.
Vanja Klepac‐Ceraj Katherine P. Lemon Thomas R. Martin Martin Allgaier Steven W. Kembel Alixandra A. Knapp Stephen Lory Eoin L. Brodie Susan V. Lynch Brendan J. M. Bohannan Jessica L. Green Brian A. Maurer Roberto Kolter 《Environmental microbiology》2010,12(5):1293-1303
Polymicrobial bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) cause progressive lung damage and death. Although the arrival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa often heralds a more rapid rate of pulmonary decline, there is significant inter‐individual variation in the rate of decline, the causes of which remain poorly understood. By coupling culture‐independent methods with ecological analyses, we discovered correlations between bacterial community profiles and clinical disease markers in respiratory tracts of 45 children with CF. Bacterial community complexity was inversely correlated with patient age, presence of P. aeruginosa and antibiotic exposure, and was related to CF genotype. Strikingly, bacterial communities lacking P. aeruginosa were much more similar to each other than were those containing P. aeruginosa, regardless of antibiotic exposure. This suggests that community composition might be a better predictor of disease progression than the presence of P. aeruginosa alone and deserves further study. 相似文献
57.
Cindy H. Wu Bram Sercu Laurie C. Van De Werfhorst Jakk Wong Todd Z. DeSantis Eoin L. Brodie Terry C. Hazen Patricia A. Holden Gary L. Andersen 《PloS one》2010,5(6)
Background
Microbial communities in aquatic environments are spatially and temporally dynamic due to environmental fluctuations and varied external input sources. A large percentage of the urban watersheds in the United States are affected by fecal pollution, including human pathogens, thus warranting comprehensive monitoring.Methodology/Principal Findings
Using a high-density microarray (PhyloChip), we examined water column bacterial community DNA extracted from two connecting urban watersheds, elucidating variable and stable bacterial subpopulations over a 3-day period and community composition profiles that were distinct to fecal and non-fecal sources. Two approaches were used for indication of fecal influence. The first approach utilized similarity of 503 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) common to all fecal samples analyzed in this study with the watershed samples as an index of fecal pollution. A majority of the 503 OTUs were found in the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The second approach incorporated relative richness of 4 bacterial classes (Bacilli, Bacteroidetes, Clostridia and α-proteobacteria) found to have the highest variance in fecal and non-fecal samples. The ratio of these 4 classes (BBC∶A) from the watershed samples demonstrated a trend where bacterial communities from gut and sewage sources had higher ratios than from sources not impacted by fecal material. This trend was also observed in the 124 bacterial communities from previously published and unpublished sequencing or PhyloChip- analyzed studies.Conclusions/Significance
This study provided a detailed characterization of bacterial community variability during dry weather across a 3-day period in two urban watersheds. The comparative analysis of watershed community composition resulted in alternative community-based indicators that could be useful for assessing ecosystem health. 相似文献58.
Fitzgerald M Mulcahy R Murphy S Keane C Coakley D Scott T 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1999,23(1):57-66
A trypsin-sensitive 200-kDa protein has been reported to be exclusively associated with haemagglutinating isolates of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that haemagglutination by M. catarrhalis to both human and rabbit erythrocytes was mediated by a trypsin-sensitive outer fibrillar coat. This fibrillar layer was absent on non-haemagglutinating isolates examined. Immuno-electron microscopy, using a polyclonal antiserum containing antibodies to the 200-kDa protein as a probe, showed that the 200-kDa protein is present on the outer fibrillar layer of the bacterium. These findings suggest that the haemagglutinin of M. catarrhalis is a 200-kDa protein present on the outer fibrillar coat. 相似文献
59.
The study of lipids has developed into a research field of increasing importance as their multiple biological roles in cell biology, physiology and pathology are becoming better understood. The Lipid Metabolites and Pathways Strategy (LIPID MAPS) consortium is actively involved in an integrated approach for the detection, quantitation and pathway reconstruction of lipids and related genes and proteins at a systems-biology level. A key component of this approach is a bioinformatics infrastructure involving a clearly defined classification of lipids, a state-of-the-art database system for molecular species and experimental data and a suite of user-friendly tools to assist lipidomics researchers. Herein, we discuss a number of recent developments by the LIPID MAPS bioinformatics core in pursuit of these objectives. 相似文献
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