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81.
Effect of Crystal Orientation and Conduction Band Grading of Absorber on Efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells Grown on Flexible Polyimide Foil at Low Temperature
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SeongYeon Kim Hyesun Yoo Tanka Raj Rana Temujin Enkhbat Gyuho Han JunHo Kim Soomin Song Kihwan Kim Jihye Gwak Young‐Ju Eo Jae Ho Yun 《Liver Transplantation》2018,8(26)
Flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells are developed on polyimide (PI) foil by using a three‐stage co‐evaporation method. To deposit CIGS on a PI substrate, low temperature deposition process (below 440 °C) is investigated. By optimizing the three‐stage process, power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of 12.1% and 13.6% are obtained at maximum process temperatures of 400 °C and 440 °C, respectively (without anti‐reflection coating). The CIGS absorber deposited at 400 °C is grown with (220)/(204) rather than (112) as its dominant growth orientation, accompanied by highly homogeneous crystal structure and phases. Admittance spectroscopy reveals that the defect levels were lower in the CIGS absorber with (220)/(204) dominant growth orientation, which could have contributed to the PCE of 12.1%. The CIGS solar cell deposited at a temperature of 440 °C exhibits worse defect characteristics compared to that fabricated at 400 °C. However, the CIGS solar cell fabricated below 440 °C exhibited marginal double‐grading of Ga/(Ga + In) in the absorber layer, which resulted in an improved PCE of 13.6%. This result implies that at a temperature below 440 °C, the double‐grading of Ga/(Ga + In) is the more dominant factor causing the PCE improvement above 13%. 相似文献
82.
Ja-Rang Lee Chang Pyo Hong Jae-Woo Moon Yi-Deun Jung Dae-Soo Kim Tae-Hyung Kim Jeong-An Gim Jin-Han Bae Yuri Choi Jungwoo Eo Yun-Jeong Kwon Sanghoon Song Junsu Ko Young Mok Yang Hak-Kyo Lee Kyung-Do Park Kung Ahn Kyoung-Tag Do Hong-Seok Ha Kyudong Han Joo Mi Yi Hee-Jae Cha Byung-Wook Cho Jong Bhak Heui-Soo Kim 《BMC genomics》2014,15(1)
83.
The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is a small game bird with sedentary lifestyle and has experienced population declines throughout most of its native distribution in the eastern United States. We investigated intraspecific genetic relationships among 14 local populations covering four putative subspecies (C. v. marilandicus, C. v. virginianus, C. v. mexicanus, and C. v. floridanus) in the United States. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed a small, but significant, genetic structure of northern bobwhite populations or subspecies in the eastern US. However, our results did not support current subspecies limits as distinct evolutionarily significant units, based on the amount of population genetic divergences and insufficient lineage sorting of mtDNA haplotypes among subspecies. Instead, our results suggest that C. v. virginianus, C. v. marilandicus, and C. v. mexicanus be merged into a single management unit, and C. v. floridanus be considered as another distinct unit for conservation and management. 相似文献
84.
Sangsu Suh Haeseung Lee Min-Goo Seo Kyoo-Tae Kim Kyung-Yeon Eo Young-Sam Kwon Sang-Joon Park Oh-Deog Kwon Tae-Hwan Kim Dongmi Kwak 《The Korean journal of parasitology》2022,60(4):289
Blastocystis is a genus of unicellular heterokont parasites belonging to a group of organisms known as Stramenopiles, which includes algae, diatoms, and water molds. Blastocystis includes several species that habitat in the gastrointestinal tracts of organisms as diverse as humans, farm animals, birds, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and cockroaches. It is important to public health and distributed globally, but its prevalence in dogs in Korea has not been reported to date. Here, we collected 787 canine fecal samples and assessed Blastocystis infection by age, sex, region, season, and diarrhea symptoms. We determined Blastocystis subtypes using phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene sequences. We identified, 10 Blastocystis positive samples (1.3%). A higher proportion of infected dogs was asymptomatic; however, infection rates did not significantly differ according to region, age, sex, and season. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Blastocystis sp. identified belonged to 4 subtypes (STs), ST1, ST5, ST10, and ST14, thus revealed the genetic diversity of Blastocystis sp. in dogs Korean. This is first report on the presence of Blastocystis sp. in dogs Korean. This study revealed a lower infection rate than expected and differed from previous studies in STs. Further studies are warranted to observe the national infection status of Blastocystis in dogs and the genetic characteristics of this genus. 相似文献
85.
To provide more reliable genetic information on species and minimize experimental errors, biologists increase the number of genetic markers available and then carefully select optimal markers from a large candidate pool. We developed nine novel microsatellite markers from the Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae), which is one of the most dominant forest animals in South Korea. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities across nine markers were 0.65 and 0.73, respectively, with an average polymorphic information content of 0.70. Using 17 microsatellite markers (nine polymorphic markers in this study, in combination with eight previously reported for the species), we conducted genetic analysis on the animals from six sampling locations. These locations are divided into the eastern (EAST) and the western (WEST) sides of the Taebaek mountain ranges in South Korea. Genetic diversity was high at both groups, with the mean expected heterozygosity of 0.77 in EAST and 0.78 in WEST. However, we did not observe strong evidence of genetic divergence between two groups. Future genetic research with more samples incorporating ecological study may clarify population structure in the species and the hypothesis of the mountains discontinuity of gene flow. 相似文献
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Soo Eo Jung Hyun Woo-Shin Lee Tae Choi Shin-Jae Rhim Kazuhiro Eguchi 《Journal of Ethology》2002,20(1):43-47
This study was conducted using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis to examine whether the effects of topographical
structure on the dispersal of black-billed magpie Pica pica sericea are reflected in its population genetic structure. The black-billed magpie is typically seen in the lowlands and is remarkably
sedentary in Korea and Japan. The unweighted pair-group method of clustering analysis showed two main clusters: five populations
in the western region of the Bekdudegan mountains (WRBM) in one cluster and five populations in the eastern region of the
Bekdudegan mountains (ERBM), including the Japanese population in the other cluster. The populations in WRBM appeared to be
diverged from the populations in ERBM. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that the populations in ERBM were more genetically
divergent from each other than were those in WRBM. The high-rising mountains, very rugged topographical features and the sea
in ERBM may have resulted in a lower dispersal rate and larger genetic variation among populations in ERBM compared to those
in WRBM. These results suggest that the topographical structure may have an influence on the dispersal and population genetic
structure of the black-billed magpie.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
88.
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play a central role in the modulation of a wide variety of cellular events such as differentiation,
proliferation and metabolism, and their unregulated activation can lead to various diseases including cancer and diabetes.
PTKs represent a diverse family of proteins including both receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and non-receptor tyrosine kinases
(NRTKs). Due to the diversity and important cellular roles of PTKs, accurate classification methods are required to better
understand and differentiate different PTKs. In addition, PTKs have become important targets for drugs, providing a further
need to develop novel methods to accurately classify this set of important biological molecules. Here, we introduce a novel
statistical model for the classification of PTKs that is based on their structural features. The approach allows for both
the recognition of PTKs and the classification of RTKs into their subfamilies. This novel approach had an overall accuracy
of 98.5% for the identification of PTKs, and 99.3% for the classification of RTKs. 相似文献