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741.
Effect of culture conditions on tremorgen production by some Penicillium species. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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Four strains each of seven tremorgenic Penicillium species were grown under various conditions and tested for tremorgen production by intraperitoneal injection of mice and by chemical analysis. Half of the strains had previously been found to be tremorgenic on bioassay after growth on Czapek Dox yeast extract broth or potato-milk-sucrose broth for 3 weeks at 26 degrees C. In the tests reported here nearly all previously nontremorgenic strains were either tremorgenic to mice or produced tremorgens detectable by chemical analysis but did so after longer incubation periods than used in the original screening. Bioassay was not suitable for the estimation of absolute levels but was preferable to chemical analysis when the identity of the tremorgens was not known. Species and strains within species gave different responses to changes in culture medium, incubation temperature, light irradiation, and shaking. Overall, tremorgen production was maximal at 20 or 26 degrees C, increased with time, and was reduced in shaken culture. 相似文献
742.
743.
Davide Malagoli Federica Boraldi Giulia Annovi Daniela Quaglino Enzo Ottaviani 《Cell and tissue research》2009,336(1):107-118
Autophagy is an evolutionary ancient process based on the activity of genes conserved from yeast to metazoan taxa. Whereas
its role as a mechanism to provide energy during cell starvation is commonly accepted, debate continues about the occurrence
of autophagy as a means specifically activated to achieve cell death. The IPLB-LdFB insect cell line, derived from the larval
fat body of the lepidoptera Lymantria dispar, represents a suitable model to address this question, as both autophagic and apoptotic cell death can be induced by various
stimuli. Using morphological and functional approaches, we have observed that the culture medium conditioned by IPLB-LdFB
cells committed to death by the ATPase inhibitor oligomycin A stimulates autophagic cell death in untreated IPLB-LdFB cells.
Moreover, proteomic analysis of the conditioned media suggests that, in IPLB-LdFB cells, oligomycin A promotes a shift towards
lipid metabolism, increases oxidative stress and specifically directs the cells towards autophagic activity.
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
This work was supported by an F.A.R. grant from the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (D.M. and E.O.) and by an “Experimental
approaches to the study of evolution” grant from the Department of Animal Biology of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
(D.M.). 相似文献
744.
Bruno Gabriel Nunes Pralon Jenniffer Sharon Pinheiro Victor Enzo Santos Damasceno João Gabriel Farias Cavalcante Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues Alves 《Invertebrate reproduction & development.》2019,63(1):23-29
The aim of this study was to investigate the relative growth and onset of morphological sexual maturity of the freshwater crab Sylviocarcinus pictus. Specimens were collected every month from October 2013 to September 2014, at night, on a stretch of the river Guaribas, Piauí, Brazil. Crabs were sexed and their carapace width (CW, independent variable), carapace length (CL), cheliped propodus length (PL) and height (PH), gonopod length (GL), and abdomen width (AW) (dependent variables) were measured. These measurements were related to characterise relative growth and possible sex differences. On average males were larger than females (p = 0.0001). Size at the onset of morphological sexual maturity was defined by relating CL vs. PL for males (30.82 mm) and CL vs. AW for females (28.63 mm). These are considered secondary sexual characters and reflect initial size at morphological sexual maturity with greater precision. The differential cheliped growth of males may be related to courting and disputes with other males, while the allometric growth of the abdomen of females indicates increased probability of reproductive success. 相似文献
745.
Dr. Enzo Insalaco 《Facies》1999,40(1):81-99
Summary This study documents the facies and fauna of Late Jurassic (Middle Oxfordian) coral reefs in England. Sedimentological and
palaeoecological analysis of these reefs distinguishes three generic reef types: (1) small reef patches and thickets associated
with siliciclastic deposits; (2) small reef patches and thickets associated with siliciclastic-free bioclastic grainstones
and packstones; and (3) biostromal units associated with deep water facies. The depositional environments of these reef types
are discussed. Two coral assemblages are identified: (1) the microsolenid assemblage; and (2) theThamnasteria, Isastraea, Fungiastraea andThecosmilia assemblage (Thamnasteria assemblage). TheThamnasteria assemblage developed in all shallow water environments in the study area, regardless of local environmental conditions. The
fauna is very eurytopic,r-selected and can tolerate significant environmental fluctuations on short temporal scales (sub-seasonal). The main control
on the development of the microsolenid assemblage was low light intensity, low background sedimentation rates and low hydrodynamic
energy levels. 相似文献
746.