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61.
The enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of the oxyntic mucosa (fundus) of the stomach produce, store and secrete histamine, chromogranin A-derived peptides such as pancreastatin, and an unanticipated but as yet unidentified peptide hormone. The cells are stimulated by gastrin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide and suppressed by somatostatin and galanin. Choline esters and histamine seem to be without effect on ECL cell secretion. The existence of a gastrin-ECL cell axis not only explains how gastrin stimulates acid secretion but also may help to explore the functional significance of the ECL cells with respect to the nature and bioactivity of its peptide hormone. From the results of studies of gastrectomized/fundectomized and gastrin-treated rats, it has been speculated that the anticipated ECL-cell peptide hormone acts on bone metabolism.  相似文献   
62.
It is shown that the light microscopic permanent detectable phenoloxidase activity, using dihydroxyphenylalanine as substrate, of the small intestine of white rats is localized in the most cases in eosinophilic granulocytes. The enzyme has been found as well in the cytoplasma as in the granules. The enzyme proof triggered in the granules the so called reverse effect. The results allow to conclude new aspects for the cell mediated immunological defense reaction.  相似文献   
63.
Blue Dextran has been coupled covalently to Sepharose-4B to purify the enzymatic complex NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.2) from the green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii by affinity chromatography. The optimum conditions for the accomplishment of the chromatographic process have been determined. The adsorption of nitrate reductase on Blue Dextran Sepharose is optimum when a phosphate buffer of low ionic strength and pH 6.5-7.0 is used. Once the enzyme has been bound to Blue Dextran Sepharose, it can be specifically eluted by addition of NADH and FAD to the washing buffer. However, none of the nucleotides added separately is able to promote the elution of the enzyme from the column. The elution can be also achieved, but not specifically, by increasing the ionic strength of the buffer with KCl. These results have made possible a procedure for the purification of A. braunii nitrate reductase which led to electrophoretic homogeneity, with an overall yield of 70% and a specific activity of 49 units/mg of protein.  相似文献   
64.
Cortinarius sarcoflammeus is proposed as a new species belonging to subgenus Dermocybe, on the basis of its morphological, chemical and ecological characters. The strong red-orange colour of the context and stipe base, large spores, sphagnicolous habitat and high dermorubin content are characteristic for the new species. Holotypes of C. huronensis and C. huronensis var. olivaceus have been examined for comparison, and their differences discussed. Photographs and line drawings of C. sarcoflammeus are added. Received February 13, 2001 Accepted March 23, 2001  相似文献   
65.
A new class of Phycomyces behavioral mutants with enhanced tropic responses has been analyzed genetically to determine the number of genes involved and the nature of their expression. These hypertropic mutants carry pleiotropic nuclear mutations. Besides their effects on sensory behavior, they also affect morphology and meiotic processes. Behavioral analyses of heterokaryons containing hypertropic and wild-type nuclei in varying proportions show that the hypertropic mutations in strains L82, L84, L86, and L88 are strongly dominant. Conversely, the hypertropic mutations carried by the strains L83, L85, and L87 are strongly recessive. We performed recombination analyses between hypertropic mutants and mutants with diminished phototropism, affected in the seven genes madA to madG. We found no evidence of linkage between the hypertropic mutations and any of these mad mutations. From crosses, we isolated double mutants carrying hypertropic mutations together with madC (night blind) and madG (stiff) mutations. The behavioral phenotypes of the double mutants are intermediate between those of the parentals. Complementation analyses show that the three recessive hypertropic mutations affect the same gene, which we call madH. The expression of the recessive hypertropic allele becomes dominant in heterokaryons carrying madC and madH nuclei; the madC gene has been implicated separately with the photoreceptor at the input to the sensory pathway, while the madH gene is associated with the growth control output. This result suggests the physical interaction of both gene products, madH and madC, in a molecular complex for the photosensory transduction chain.  相似文献   
66.
Six peripheral blood lymphoid fractions (total lymphocytes, non-T, T, Tar (autologous rosette-forming T cells/precursor), T mu (helper), and T gamma (suppressor) lymphocytes) isolated through rosetting procedures were examined for the presence of ferritin by a direct immunofluorescence technique. Although ferritin was present in all lymphoid fractions studied, a significantly higher proportion of ferritin-containing cells were detected in the T-cell fraction than in the non-T-cell fraction, (mean +/- SD = 7.9 +/- 1.6% and 5.0 +/- 1.2%, respectively). T mu- and T gamma-cell fractions showed a twofold increase in the number of ferritin-positive cells (14.1 +/- 1.4% and 15.4 +/- 2.6%, respectively), as compared with Tar (7.0 +/- 0.9%)-and total lymphocyte (6.9 +/- 1.3%)-cell fractions. These results indicate that ferritin is preferentially distributed in T mu and T gamma lymphocytes and may constitute the basis for explaining some of the roles exercised by these cells in the control of other biological systems.  相似文献   
67.
68.
Rats were trained to run spontaneously, without stress, in running wheels. The running activity increased gradually and could reach a plateau of 7 km/night after 3–4 weeks. During the first hour of running in the dark phase the squeak threshold increased significantly and remained high in the morning. The degree of increased threshold was correlated to the amount of running activity. The squeak threshold declined during the following 6 hours of inactivity. A rapid decrease in threshold occurred after naloxone (1–2 mg/kg i.p.). It is suggested that long-lasting muscle exercise (e.g. jogging), acupuncture, and low frequency electrical stimulation of afferent nerve fibres produce discharges in muscle afferents which influence central endorphin mechanics giving analgetic effects.  相似文献   
69.
70.
Glycine transporter from rat brain stem and spinal cord is inactivated by specific sulfhydryl reagents. Modification of lysine residues also promotes a decrease of the transporter activity but in a lesser extent than that promoted by thiol group reagents. Mercurials showed a more marked inhibitory effect than maleimide derivatives. SH groups display a similar reactivity for p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate (pCMBS) and mersalyl in synaptosomal membrane vesicles and proteoliposomes reconstituted with the solubilized transporter. However, different reactivity is observed with N-ethylmaleimide (MalNEt), the greatest effect being attained in membrane vesicles. The rate of inactivation by pCMBS and MalNEt is pseudo-first-order showing time- and concentration-dependence. pCMBS and MalNEt decrease the Vmax for glycine transport and to a lesser extent act on the apparent Km. Treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT) of the transporter modified by pCMBS results in a complete restoration of transporter activity indicating that the effect exercised by the reagent is specific for cysteine residues on the protein. It is concluded that SH groups are involved in the glycine transporter function and that these critical residues are mostly located in a relatively hydrophilic environment of the protein.  相似文献   
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