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61.
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Anna L. Okello Kevin Bardosh James Smith Susan C. Welburn 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2014,8(5)
Background
The recent emergence of zoonotic diseases such as Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) have contributed to dominant Global Health narratives around health securitisation and pandemic preparedness, calling for greater co-operation between the health, veterinary and environmental sectors in the ever-evolving One Health movement. A decade later, One Health advocates face increasing pressure to translate the approach from theory into action.Methodology/Principal Findings
A qualitative case study methodology was used to examine the emerging relationships between international One Health dialogue and its practical implementation in the African health policy context. A series of Key Informant Interviews (n = 32) with policy makers, government officials and academics in Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda are presented as three separate case studies. Each case examines a significant aspect of One Health operationalisation, framed around the control of both emerging and Neglected Zoonotic Diseases including HPAI, Human African Trypanosomiasis and rabies. The research found that while there is general enthusiasm and a strong affirmative argument for adoption of One Health approaches in Africa, identifying alternative contexts away from a narrow focus on pandemics will help broaden its appeal, particularly for national or regionally significant endemic and neglected diseases not usually addressed under a “global” remit.Conclusions/Significance
There is no ‘one size fits all’ approach to achieving the intersectoral collaboration, significant resource mobilisation and political co-operation required to realise a One Health approach. Individual country requirements cannot be underestimated, dismissed or prescribed in a top down manner. This article contributes to the growing discussion regarding not whether One Health should be operationalised, but how this may be achieved. 相似文献63.
64.
Emmy Stein 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1935,70(1):525-531
Ohne ZusammenfassungVortrag auf der Tagung d. Dtsch. Ges. f. Vererbungswissenschaft, Jena 1935.Mit 8 Textfiguren 相似文献
65.
Fieke Dekkers Harmen Bijwaard Simon Bouffler Michele Ellender René Huiskamp Christine Kowalczuk Emmy Meijne Marjolein Sutmuller 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》2011,50(1):37-45
From studies of the atomic bomb survivors, it is well known that ionizing radiation causes several forms of leukemia. However,
since the specific mechanism behind this process remains largely unknown, it is difficult to extrapolate carcinogenic effects
at acute high-dose exposures to risk estimates for the chronic low-dose exposures that are important for radiation protection
purposes. Recently, it has become clear that the induction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in CBA/H mice takes place through
two key steps, both involving the Sfpi1 gene. A similar mechanism may play a role in human radiation-induced AML. In the present
paper, a two-mutation carcinogenesis model is applied to model AML in several data sets of X-ray- and neutron-exposed CBA/H
mice. The models obtained provide good fits to the data. A comparison between the predictions for neutron-induced and X-ray-induced
AML yields an RBE for neutrons of approximately 3. The model used is considered to be a first step toward a model for human
radiation-induced AML, which could be used to estimate risks of exposure to low doses. 相似文献
66.
The present experimental in vitro study suggests that a primitive streak (PS) in avian blastoderms is induced by diffusion of morphogenetic substances emanating from Rauber's sickle. Indeed, even without direct contact between a quail Rauber's sickle and the reacting upper layer (by interposition of a vitelline membrane), a PS can be induced in the isolated area centralis or antisickle region of unincubated chicken blastoderms. The so-formed PSs are localized below the vitelline membrane in the immediate neighborhood of the apposed Rauber's sickle material. This seems to indicate that Rauber's sickle organizes the formation of the avian PS according to the basic concept of "positional information." The morphogenetic substances seem to have an effect only on the formation of a PS. Each part of Rauber's sickle seems to have, point by point, the same thickening and PS-inducing effect on each corresponding part of the underlying upper layer (UL). By a mechanism of sliding over the basement membrane and fusion, this finally results in the formation of one single median PS. Our study shows that a PS can be induced in the total absence of hypoblast (sickle endoblast) or caudal marginal zone, by only the presence of Rauber's sickle material. In contrast, the differentiation of mesoblast into blood islands under the influence of Rauber's sickle and neural tissue development are impaired by the interposition of a vitelline membrane. The latter could be due to the absence of a normal interaction of Rauber's sickle-derived sickle endoblast with endophyll and/or upper layer and the absence of cranial migration of the mesoblast. Thus, earlier studies and the present study indicate the existence of a temporospatially bound cascade of gastrulation and neurulation phenomena and blood island formation in the avian blastoderm, starting from Rauber's sickle, the primary major organizer with inducing, inhibiting, and dominating potencies. The latter not only plays a role by secretion of signaling molecules, but also influences development by its cell lineages (junctional endoblast and sickle endoblast). 相似文献
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Nair V Piotrowska DG Okello M Vadakkan J 《Nucleosides, nucleotides & nucleic acids》2007,26(6-7):687-690
Isonucleosides discovered in our laboratory have been found to have interesting antiviral activity. The design, development of methodology, and stereochemical synthesis of new isonucleosides of anti-HCV interest are described. Antiviral results are cited. 相似文献