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排序方式: 共有243条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Dermitzakis ET 《Nature reviews. Genetics》2012,13(3):215-220
Recent developments in the collection and analysis of cellular multilayered data in large cohorts with extensive organismal phenotyping promise to reveal links between genetic variation and biological processes. The use of these cellular resources as models for human biology - known as 'cellular phenotyping' - is likely to transform our understanding of the genetic and long-term environmental influences on complex traits. I discuss the advantages and caveats of a deeper analysis of cellular phenotypes in large cohorts and assess the methodological advances, resource needs and prospects of this new approach. 相似文献
32.
Kaiser R Friedrich D Chavakis E Böhm M Friedrich EB 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2012,16(10):2387-2393
Homing of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is crucial for neoangiogenesis, which might be negatively affected by hypoxia. We investigated the influence of hypoxia on fibronectin binding integrins for migration and cell‐matrix‐adhesion. AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) and integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) were examined as possible effectors of hypoxia.Human EPCs were expanded on fibronectin (FN) and integrin expression was profiled by flow cytometry. Cell‐matrix‐adhesion‐ and migration‐assays on FN were performed to examine the influence of hypoxia and AMPK‐activation. Regulation of AMPK and ILK was shown by Western blot analysis. We demonstrate the presence of integrin β1, β2 and α5 on EPCs. Adhesion to FN is reduced by blocking β1 and α5 (49% and 2% of control, P < 0.05) whereas α4‐blockade has no effect. Corresponding effects were shown for migration. Hypoxia and AMPK‐activation decrease adhesion on FN. Although total AMPK‐expression remains unchanged, phospho‐AMPK increases eightfold.The EPCs require α5 for adhesion on FN. Hypoxia and AMPK‐activation decrease adhesion. As α5 is the major adhesive factor for EPCs on FN, this suggests a link between AMPK and α5‐integrins. We found novel evidence for a connection between hypoxia, AMPK‐activity and integrin activity. This might affect the fate of EPCs in ischaemic tissue. 相似文献
33.
Andreas Massouras Sebastian M. Waszak Monica Albarca-Aguilera Korneel Hens Wiebke Holcombe Julien F. Ayroles Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis Eric A. Stone Jeffrey D. Jensen Trudy F. C. Mackay Bart Deplancke 《PLoS genetics》2012,8(11)
Understanding the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation is one of the great outstanding challenges in biology. To meet this challenge, comprehensive genomic variation maps of human as well as of model organism populations are required. Here, we present a nucleotide resolution catalog of single-nucleotide, multi-nucleotide, and structural variants in 39 Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel inbred lines. Using an integrative, local assembly-based approach for variant discovery, we identify more than 3.6 million distinct variants, among which were more than 800,000 unique insertions, deletions (indels), and complex variants (1 to 6,000 bp). While the SNP density is higher near other variants, we find that variants themselves are not mutagenic, nor are regions with high variant density particularly mutation-prone. Rather, our data suggest that the elevated SNP density around variants is mainly due to population-level processes. We also provide insights into the regulatory architecture of gene expression variation in adult flies by mapping cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) for more than 2,000 genes. Indels comprise around 10% of all cis-eQTLs and show larger effects than SNP cis-eQTLs. In addition, we identified two-fold more gene associations in males as compared to females and found that most cis-eQTLs are sex-specific, revealing a partial decoupling of the genomic architecture between the sexes as well as the importance of genetic factors in mediating sex-biased gene expression. Finally, we performed RNA-seq-based allelic expression imbalance analyses in the offspring of crosses between sequenced lines, which revealed that the majority of strong cis-eQTLs can be validated in heterozygous individuals. 相似文献
34.
Olive oil history,production and by-product management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iosif Emmanouil Kapellakis Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis John C. Crowther 《Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology》2008,7(1):1-26
In this review paper, the history of the olive tree and the development of the main olive oil extraction systems employed
in the past are presented. Furthermore, the management techniques employed from antiquity until today for the treatment of
olive mill wastewater (OMW), which constitutes the most important by-product of olive oil production, are addressed and compared.
Reference is also made to global olive oil production, the environmental impacts of the uncontrolled disposal of OMW, and
to the legal framework concerning its management in the main olive oil producing countries. Other by-products of olive processing
are also discussed. 相似文献
35.
36.
Healy Matthew D.; Smith Jason E.; Singer Michael S.; Nadkarni Prakash M.; Skoufos Emmanouil; Miller Perry L.; Shepherd Gordon M. 《Chemical senses》1997,22(3):321-326
An olfactory receptor database (ORDB) is being developed tofacilitate analysis of this large gene family. ORDB currentlycontains over 400 olfactory receptor sequences and related information,and is available via the World Wide Web. We plan to incorporatefunctional data, structural models, spatial localization andother categories of information, toward an integrated modelof olfactory receptor function. Chem. Senses 22: 321326,1997. 相似文献
37.
Structural variation includes many different types of chromosomal rearrangement and encompasses millions of bases in every human genome. Over the past 3 years, the extent and complexity of structural variation has become better appreciated. Diverse approaches have been adopted to explore the functional impact of this class of variation. As disparate indications of the important biological consequences of genome dynamism are accumulating rapidly, we review the evidence that structural variation has an appreciable impact on cellular phenotypes, disease and human evolution. 相似文献
38.
Direct detection of unamplified DNA from pathogenic mycobacteria using DNA-derivatized gold nanoparticles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Emmanouil Liandris Maria Gazouli Margarita Andreadou Mirjana omor Nadica Abazovic Leonardo A. Sechi John Ikonomopoulos 《Journal of microbiological methods》2009,78(3):260-264
Mycobacterial infections have a high economic, human and animal health impact. Herein, we present the development of a colorimetric method that relies on the use of gold nanoparticles for fast and specific detection of Mycobacterium spp. dispensing with the need for DNA amplification. The result can be recorded by visual and/or spectrophotometric comparison of solutions before and after acid induced AuNP-probe aggregation. The presence of a complementary target prevents aggregation and the solution remains pink, whereas in the opposite event it turns to purple. The application of the proposed method on isolated bacteria produced positive results with the mycobacterial isolates and negative with the controls. The minimum detection limit of the assay was defined at 18.75 ng of mycobacterial DNA diluted in a sample-volume of 10 μl. In order to obtain an indication of the method's performance on clinical samples we applied the optimized assay to the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA in faeces, in comparison with real-time PCR. The concordance of the two methods with connection to real-time PCR positive and negative sample was defined respectively as 87.5% and 100%. The proposed method could be used as a highly specific and sensitive screening tool for the detection of mycobacteria directly from clinical samples in a very simple manner, without the need of high-cost dedicated equipment. The technology described here, may develop into a platform that could accommodate detection of many bacterial species and could be easily adapted for high throughput and expedite screening of samples. 相似文献
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