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901.
We have identified a plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger from durum wheat, designated TdSOS1. Heterologous expression of TdSOS1 in a yeast strain lacking endogenous Na+ efflux proteins showed complementation of the Na+- and Li+-sensitive phenotype by a mechanism involving cation efflux. Salt tolerance conferred by TdSOS1 was maximal when co-expressed
with the Arabidopsis protein kinase complex SOS2/SOS3. In vitro phosphorylation of TdSOS1 with a hyperactive form of the Arabidopsis SOS2 kinase (T/DSOS2∆308) showed the importance of two essential serine residues at the C-terminal hydrophilic tail (S1126,
S1128). Mutation of these two serine residues to alanine decreased the phosphorylation of TdSOS1 by T/DSOS2∆308 and prevented
the activation of TdSOS1. In addition, deletion of the C-terminal domain of TdSOS1 encompassing serine residues at position
1126 and 1128 generated a hyperactive form that had maximal sodium exclusion activity independent from the regulatory SOS2/SOS3
complex. These results are consistent with the presence of an auto-inhibitory domain at the C-terminus of TdSOS1 that mediates
the activation of TdSOS1 by the protein kinase SOS2. Expression of TdSOS1 mRNA in young seedlings of the durum wheat variety Om Rabia3, using different abiotic stresses (ionic and oxidative stress)
at different times of exposure, was monitored by RT–PCR. 相似文献
902.
903.
The use of physical restraint devices on frail elderly could have significant negative consequences on their health. Apart from complications due to prolonged immobility, the use of this procedure is associated with other serious adverse effects which occur when a person is restricted in a position which carries a risk of asphyxiation. The devices most implicated in these incidents are bedrails, vests and restraining belts. Physical restraint could also be associated as much with the sudden death of patients, due to the stress that it causes, as with injuries from falling. This article presents the recommendations which experts, manufacturers and institutions dealing with the quality of health care have issued for the safest use of this procedure. It stresses the need for better training of professionals, as well as the importance of investigating the factors which can lead to accidents with the aim of preventing them. 相似文献
904.
Fariña-López E 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2011,46(1):36-42
The use of physical restraint devices on frail elderly could have significant negative consequences on their health. Apart from complications due to prolonged immobility, the use of this procedure is associated with other serious adverse effects which occur when a person is restricted in a position which carries a risk of asphyxiation. The devices most implicated in these incidents are bedrails, vests and restraining belts. Physical restraint could also be associated as much with the sudden death of patients, due to the stress that it causes, as with injuries from falling. This article presents the recommendations which experts, manufacturers and institutions dealing with the quality of health care have issued for the safest use of this procedure. It stresses the need for better training of professionals, as well as the importance of investigating the factors which can lead to accidents with the aim of preventing them. 相似文献
905.
Lu XY Ciraolo E Stefenia R Chen GQ Zhang Y Hirsch E 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,89(5):1423-1433
The phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a conserved family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3-hydroxyl group of
phosphatidylinositols in response to extracellular stimuli. PI3K pathway is enrolled in different kinds of human cancer and
plays a prominent role in cancer cell growth and survival. Several PI3K inhibitors have been recently identified but some
PI3K inhibitors with high potency in vitro do not show satisfactory effects in animal cancer models because of the poor pharmaceutical
properties in vivo such as poor solubility, instability, and fast plasma clearance rate. In this study, we developed a sustained
release system of PI3K inhibitor (TGX221) based on polyhydroxyalkanoate nanoparticles (NP) and used it to block proliferation
of cancer cell lines. TGX221 was gradually released from PHA-based NP and growth of cancer cell lines was significantly slower
in NP-TGX221-treated cells than in either negative controls or in cells receiving free TGX221. Since poor bioavailability
and limited in vivo half-life are common features of hydrophobic PI3K inhibitors, our results open the way to similar formulation
of other PI3K blockers and to new strategies in cancer treatment. 相似文献
906.
Panatto JP Jeremias IC Ferreira GK Ramos AC Rochi N Gonçalves CL Daufenbach JF Jeremias GC Carvalho-Silva M Rezin GT Scaini G Streck EL 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2011,348(1-2):149-154
To explore the effect of LYRM1 over-expression on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in rat skeletal muscle cells, and to understand the underlying mechanisms, Rat myoblasts (L6) transfected with either an empty expression vector (pcDNA3.1Myc/His B) or a LYRM1 expression vector were differentiated into myotubes. Glucose uptake was determined by measuring 2-deoxy-D-[(3)H] glucose uptake into L6 myotubes. Western blotting was performed to assess the translocation of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). It was also used to measure the phosphorylation and total protein contents of insulin-signaling proteins, such as the insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) p85, Akt, ERK1/2, P38, and JNK. LYRM1 over-expression in L6 myotubes reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and impaired insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. It also diminished insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, PI3K (p85), and serine phosphorylation of Akt without affecting the phosphorylation of IR, ERK1/2, P38, and JNK. LYRM1 regulates the function of IRS-1, PI3K, and Akt, and decreases GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in response to insulin. These observations highlight the potential role of LYRM1 in glucose homeostasis and possibly in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes related to obesity. 相似文献
907.
Historically, the method used in veterinary medicine to teach technical procedures which are to be performed on live animals, has taken the form of an apprenticeship. However, in the last decade, there have been several new developments in technologies oriented toward the development of such abilities and skills by students - for example, manuals, videos, pictures, and virtual reality simulators. Unfortunately, these simulators are inaccessible to many, due to their high cost. For this reason, it is necessary to create simulators that are easy to manufacture at low cost, and that are also portable. These simulators also need to be validated with regard to their ability to fulfil the required educational objectives. The validation of a venous simulator is described in this study. Fifty-two veterinary students, with no previous experience in the creation and maintenance of an indwelling venous cannula, were selected at random. They were divided into two groups: one experimental group (n = 35), who had training practice on the simulator, and the remainder (n = 17), who acted as the control group (i.e. they had no training practice on the simulator). The outcome measure was the number of attempts required to successfully cannulate the cephalic vein of an anaesthetised rabbit. The students in the experimental group showed more skill in cannulating the vein, with 45% effectiveness, as compared to 20% effectiveness in the control group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). 相似文献
908.
909.
Comim CM Cassol-Jr OJ Constantino LS Felisberto F Petronilho F Rezin GT Scaini G Daufenbach JF Streck EL Quevedo J Dal-Pizzol F 《Neurochemical research》2011,36(2):304-311
Sepsis is characterized by biochemical alterations in the central nervous system at early times and cognitive impairment at late times after induction in sepsis animal model. In order to understand at least in part the mechanism of disease, we have evaluated the effects of sepsis on cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); oxidative parameters; the activity of the electron transport chain enzymes; and creatine kinase (CK) activity in the brain of sepsis survivor rats 10 days after cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Male Wistar rats underwent CLP with "basic support" or sham-operated. Ten days after surgery, the animals were killed and prefrontal cortex, cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, and CSF were obtained. It was found a decrease in the levels of TNF-α (P = 0.001), IL-1β (P = 0.008), IL-6 (P = 0.038), and IL-10 (P = 0.022) in the CSF; an increase in the TBARS only hippocampus (0.027); an up-regulation in the activity of complex II (P = 0.024), III (P = 0.018), and IV (P = 0.047) only in the prefrontal cortex; a decrease in the CK activity in the cerebellum (P = 0.001) and striatum (P = 0.0001), and an increase in the hippocampus (P = 0.0001) and cortex (P = 0.0001). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial alterations observed during early times in sepsis, persisted up to 10 days after surgery. The cytokines levels during the early times were found at high levels, decreasing to low levels after 10 days. In conclusion, these findings may contribute for a better comprehension of the cognitive damage in sepsis survivor rats. 相似文献
910.
Jos�� M. Mir��s-Avalos Gregorio Egea Emilio Nicol��s Michel G��nard Gilles Vercambre Nicolas Moitrier Pierre Valsesia Mar��a M. Gonz��lez-Real Claude Bussi Fran?oise Lescourret 《Trees - Structure and Function》2011,25(5):785-799
In this paper, QualiTree, a fruit tree model designed to study the management of fruit quality, and developed and described
in a companion paper (Lescourret et al. in Trees Struct Funct, 2010), was combined with a simple light-interception sub-model, and then parameterised and tested on peach in different situations.
Simulation outputs displayed fairly good agreement with the observed data concerning mean fruit and vegetative growth. The
variability over time of fruit and vegetative growth was well predicted. QualiTree was able to reproduce the observed response
of trees to heterogeneous thinning treatments in terms of fruit growth. A sensitivity analysis showed that the average seasonal
growth rates of the different organs were sensitive to changes to the values of their respective initial relative growth rates
and that stem wood was the tree organ the most affected by a change in the initial relative growth rates of other organs.
QualiTree was able to react to simulated scenarios that combined thinning and pest attacks. As expected, thinning intensity
and the percentage damage caused by pests significantly affected fruit yield and quality traits at harvest. These simulations
showed that QualiTree could be a useful tool to design innovative horticultural practices. 相似文献