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991.
Distribution of the four flagellar (H) antigenic subserotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis H serotype 3 in Japan 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
A total of 302 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis flagellar (H) serotype 3, collected from sericultural environments and soils of the three main islands (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu) of Japan, were examined for their H antigenic subserotypes. Of these strains, 259 (85.8%) were identified as the H subserotype 3a : 3c (subsp. alesti ), 16 (5.3%) were referable to the subserotype 3a : 3b : 3c (subsp. kurstaki ), 26 (8.6%) belonged to the subserotype 3a : 3d : 3e (subsp. fukuokaensis ) and one strain (0.3%) was the subserotype 3a : 3d (subsp. sumiyoshiensis ). The subserotypes 3a : 3c and 3a : 3b : 3c were present in sericultural environments only; the former was distributed in Honshu and Shikoku Islands but not in Kyushu Island, and the latter was distributed in Honshu and Kyushu Islands but not in Shikoku Island. The subserotype 3a : 3d : 3e, mainly found in soils but occasionally in sericultural environments, was distributed in the three main islands. It also appeared that the subserotype 3a : 3d : 3e, a recently described subserotype, was distributed in Japan more widely than the globally disseminated subserotype 3a : 3b : 3c. The results clearly showed geographical and ecological differences in the distribution of subserotypes. 相似文献
992.
Kazuya Mizuno Shinya Tsuchimoto Yoshihiro Matsuno Tetsuji Niiyama Hiroaki Fujii Takashi Natori Miki Aizawa 《Immunogenetics》1988,27(6):406-413
The immune response to bovine insulin (BI) in the rat is controlled by the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc)-linked immune response gene (Ir-BI) and immune suppression gene (Is-BI). In the present study, we investigated the low responsiveness to BI in the WKAH rat (RT1
k
) and attempted to explore the functional link between Is-BI and Mhc class II molecules. Lymph node cells (LNC) from the low responder (WKAH) rats responded well to BI when a large amount of antigen was added to the culture in vitro or after OX8-bearing (OX8+) T cells were eliminated. These LNC, after the elimination of OX8+ cells, could show the RT1.Dk-restricted proliferative response upon in vitro challenge with BI, BI-B chain, or pork insulin. In addition, OX8+ T cells, which were activated with BI and antigen-presenting cells (APC) in vitro, suppressed the anti-BI response of W3/25-bearing proliferating T cells from BI-immunized rats. The results have demonstrated that proliferating T-cell repertoires do exist to BI, which recognize BI-B chain in the context of RT1.Dk molecules in the WKAH rat, and that the state of low responsiveness is mediated to a great extent by antigen-specific OX8+ suppressor T (Ts) cells. Furthermore, the elimination of APC or the addition to RT1.Bk-specific monoclonal antibody in the in vitro secondary activation culture of Ts cells diminished the suppressive activity of OX8+ Ts cells. In the induction phase of Ts cells it therefore seems to be necessary for these cells to recognize BI together with RT1.Bk molecules on APC. 相似文献
993.
Masuo Aizawa Shuichi Suzuki Masahiko Kubo 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1976,444(3):886-892
Enzymatically active NADH was electrolytically regenerated from its oxidized from (NAD+) with a liquid crystal membrane electrode made by coating a hanging drop or a pool type of mercury electrode with a cholesteryl oleate membrane which could be in the liquid crystal state. A cholesteryl oleate membrane was employed to prevent dimerization of the NAD radical supposed to be an intermediate of electrolytic reduction of NAD+. 相似文献
994.
Akira Sakurai Kanzo Sakata Saburo Tamura Kazuyuki Aizawa Naohiko Yanagishima Chikashi Shimoda 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(7):1451-1452
Cellulose triacetate prepared from bacterial cellulose of Acetobacter xylinum subsp. sucrofermentans BPR3001A showed a higher degree of polymerization and higher mechanical strength than that from the cotton linter. The fine fibrils of bacterial cellulose required only a short time for acetylation which preserved the high degree of polymerization. 相似文献
995.
Junya Tomida Akiko Itaya Tomoko Shigechi Junya Unno Emi Uchida Masae Ikura Yuji Masuda Shun Matsuda Jun Adachi Masahiko Kobayashi Amom Ruhikanta Meetei Yoshihiko Maehara Ken-ichi Yamamoto Kenji Kamiya Akira Matsuura Tomonari Matsuda Tsuyoshi Ikura Masamichi Ishiai Minoru Takata 《Nucleic acids research》2013,41(14):6930-6941
When DNA replication is stalled at sites of DNA damage, a cascade of responses is activated in the cell to halt cell cycle progression and promote DNA repair. A pathway initiated by the kinase Ataxia teleangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) and its partner ATR interacting protein (ATRIP) plays an important role in this response. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is also activated following genomic stress, and defects in this pathway cause a cancer-prone hematologic disorder in humans. Little is known about how these two pathways are coordinated. We report here that following cellular exposure to DNA cross-linking damage, the FA core complex enhances binding and localization of ATRIP within damaged chromatin. In cells lacking the core complex, ATR-mediated phosphorylation of two functional response targets, ATRIP and FANCI, is defective. We also provide evidence that the canonical ATR activation pathway involving RAD17 and TOPBP1 is largely dispensable for the FA pathway activation. Indeed DT40 mutant cells lacking both RAD17 and FANCD2 were synergistically more sensitive to cisplatin compared with either single mutant. Collectively, these data reveal new aspects of the interplay between regulation of ATR-ATRIP kinase and activation of the FA pathway. 相似文献
996.
Keitaro Matsuo Fumihiko Matsuda Ryo Yamada Meiko Takahashi Takahisa Kawaguchi Yasushi Yatabe Hidemi Ito Satoyo Hosono Kazuo Tajima Mariko Naito Emi Morita Guang Yin Tatsuhiko Sakamoto Naoyuki Takashima Sadao Suzuki Noriko Nakahata Haruo Mikami Keizo Ohnaka Yoshiyuki Watanabe Kokichi Arisawa Michiaki Kubo Nobuyuki Hamajima Hideo Tanaka the J‐MICC Study Group 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2013,21(11):2413-2419
Objective: The excessive consumption of confectionery might have adverse effects on human health. To screen genetic factors associated with confectionery‐intake frequency, a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in Japan was conducted. Design and Methods: For the discovery phase (stage 1), we conducted a GWAS of 939 noncancer patients in a cancer hospital. Additive models were used to test associations between genotypes of approximately 500,000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the confectionery‐intake score (based on intake frequency). We followed‐up association signals with P < 1 × 10?5 and minor allele frequency >0.01 in stage 1 by genotyping the SNPs of 4,491 participants in a cross‐sectional study within a cohort (replication phase [stage 2]). Results: We identified 12 SNPs in stage 1 that were potentially related to confectionery intake. In stage 2, this association was replicated for one SNP (rs822396; P = 0.049 for stage 2 and 4.2 × 10?5 for stage 1+2) in intron 1 of the ADIPOQ gene, which encodes the adipokine adiponectin. Conclusions: Given the biological plausibility and previous relevant findings, the association of an SNP in the ADIPOQ gene with a preference for confectionery is worthy of follow‐up and provides a good working hypothesis for experimental testing. 相似文献
997.
Kazuaki Nakamura Kazuko Aizawa Kazuhiko Nakabayashi Natsuko Kato Junji Yamauchi Kenichiro Hata Akito Tanoue 《PloS one》2013,8(1)
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. During tumorigenesis, tumor suppressor and cancer-related genes are commonly silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in their promoter regions. Zebularine (1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one) acts as an inhibitor of DNA methylation and exhibits chemical stability and minimal cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we explore the effect and possible mechanism of action of zebularine on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. We demonstrate that zebularine exhibits antitumor activity on HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, however, it has little effect on DNA methylation in HepG2 cells. On the other hand, zebularine treatment downregulated CDK2 and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and upregulated p21WAF/CIP1 and p53. We also found that zebularine treatment upregulated the phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These results suggest that the p44/42 MAPK pathway plays a role in zebularine-induced cell-cycle arrest by regulating the activity of p21WAF/CIP1 and Rb. Furthermore, although the proapoptotic protein Bax levels were not affected, the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 level was downregulated with zebularine treatment. In addition, the data in the present study indicate that inhibition of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is involved in inducing apoptosis with zebularine. These results suggest a novel mechanism of zebularine-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis via a DNA methylation-independent pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. 相似文献
998.
Kazuhiro Nakaya Makoto Ayaori Harumi Uto-Kondo Grace Megumi Sotherden Takafumi Nishida Haruka Katamoto Yuko Miura Shunichi Takiguchi Emi Yakushiji Maki Iizuka Masatsune Ogura Makoto Sasaki Makiko Yogo Tomohiro Komatsu Takeshi Adachi Chizuko Maruyama Katsunori Ikewaki 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids》2013,1831(8):1402-1411
Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. However, the impact of SCD1 on atherosclerosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether SCD1 affects macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in mice. Compared to the control, adenoviral-mediated SCD1 overexpression in RAW264.7 macrophages increased cholesterol efflux to HDL, but not to apoA-I, without clear changes in ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-BI expressions. While knockdown of ABCG1 and SR-BI did not affect the SCD1-induced cholesterol efflux to HDL, SCD1-overexpressing macrophages promoted the formation of both normal- and large-sized HDL in media, accompanying increased apolipoprotein A-I levels in HDL fractions. Transformation to larger particles of HDL was independently confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance-based lipoprotein analysis. Interestingly, media transfer assays revealed that HDL generated by SCD1 had enhanced cholesterol efflux potential, indicating that SCD1 transformed HDL to a more anti-atherogenic phenotype. To study macrophage RCT in vivo, 3H-cholesterol-labeled RAW264.7 cells overexpressing SCD1 or the control were intraperitoneally injected into mice. Supporting the in vitro data, injection of SCD1-macrophages resulted in significant increases in 3H-tracer in plasma, liver, and feces compared to the control. Moreover, there was a shift towards larger particles in the 3H-tracer distribution of HDL fractions obtained from the mice. 相似文献
999.
Yuuki Fujiwara Akiko Furuta Hisae Kikuchi Shu Aizawa Yusuke Hatanaka Chiho Konya Kenko Uchida Aya Yoshimura Yoshitaka Tamai Keiji Wada Tomohiro Kabuta 《Autophagy》2013,9(3):403-409
Regulated degradation of cellular components by lysosomes is essential to maintain biological homeostasis. In mammals, three forms of autophagy, macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), have been identified. Here, we showed a novel type of autophagy, in which RNA is taken up directly into lysosomes for degradation. This pathway, which we term “RNautophagy,” is ATP-dependent, and unlike CMA, is independent of HSPA8/Hsc70. LAMP2C, a lysosomal membrane protein, serves as a receptor for this pathway. The cytosolic tail of LAMP2C specifically binds to almost all total RNA derived from mouse brain. The cytosolic sequence of LAMP2C and its affinity for RNA are evolutionarily conserved from nematodes to humans. Our findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying RNA homeostasis in higher eukaryotes. 相似文献
1000.