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111.
Elodie Poiroux Christine Cavaro-Ménard Stéphanie Leruez Jean Michel Lemée Isabelle Richard Mickael Dinomais 《PloS one》2015,10(11)
Many of the brain structures involved in performing real movements also have increased activity during imagined movements or during motor observation, and this could be the neural substrate underlying the effects of motor imagery in motor learning or motor rehabilitation. In the absence of any objective physiological method of measurement, it is currently impossible to be sure that the patient is indeed performing the task as instructed. Eye gaze recording during a motor imagery task could be a possible way to “spy” on the activity an individual is really engaged in. The aim of the present study was to compare the pattern of eye movement metrics during motor observation, visual and kinesthetic motor imagery (VI, KI), target fixation, and mental calculation. Twenty-two healthy subjects (16 females and 6 males), were required to perform tests in five conditions using imagery in the Box and Block Test tasks following the procedure described by Liepert et al. Eye movements were analysed by a non-invasive oculometric measure (SMI RED250 system). Two parameters describing gaze pattern were calculated: the index of ocular mobility (saccade duration over saccade + fixation duration) and the number of midline crossings (i.e. the number of times the subjects gaze crossed the midline of the screen when performing the different tasks). Both parameters were significantly different between visual imagery and kinesthesic imagery, visual imagery and mental calculation, and visual imagery and target fixation. For the first time we were able to show that eye movement patterns are different during VI and KI tasks. Our results suggest gaze metric parameters could be used as an objective unobtrusive approach to assess engagement in a motor imagery task. Further studies should define how oculomotor parameters could be used as an indicator of the rehabilitation task a patient is engaged in. 相似文献
112.
Stacy E. Aguilera Jennifer Cole Elena M. Finkbeiner Elodie Le Cornu Natalie C. Ban Mark H. Carr Joshua E. Cinner Larry B. Crowder Stefan Gelcich Christina C. Hicks John N. Kittinger Rebecca Martone Daniel Malone Carrie Pomeroy Richard M. Starr Sanah Seram Rachel Zuercher Kenneth Broad 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Globally, small-scale fisheries are influenced by dynamic climate, governance, and market drivers, which present social and ecological challenges and opportunities. It is difficult to manage fisheries adaptively for fluctuating drivers, except to allow participants to shift effort among multiple fisheries. Adapting to changing conditions allows small-scale fishery participants to survive economic and environmental disturbances and benefit from optimal conditions. This study explores the relative influence of large-scale drivers on shifts in effort and outcomes among three closely linked fisheries in Monterey Bay since the Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976. In this region, Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and market squid (Loligo opalescens) fisheries comprise a tightly linked system where shifting focus among fisheries is a key element to adaptive capacity and reduced social and ecological vulnerability. Using a cluster analysis of landings, we identify four modes from 1974 to 2012 that are dominated (i.e., a given species accounting for the plurality of landings) by squid, sardine, anchovy, or lack any dominance, and seven points of transition among these periods. This approach enables us to determine which drivers are associated with each mode and each transition. Overall, we show that market and climate drivers are predominantly attributed to dominance transitions. Model selection of external drivers indicates that governance phases, reflected as perceived abundance, dictate long-term outcomes. Our findings suggest that globally, small-scale fishery managers should consider enabling shifts in effort among fisheries and retaining existing flexibility, as adaptive capacity is a critical determinant for social and ecological resilience. 相似文献
113.
Francis Kweku Amagloh Tracy Chiridza Marie-Eve Lemercier Anne Broomfield Patrick C. H. Morel Jane Coad 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of sweetpotato-based complementary foods (OFSP ComFa and CFSP ComFa) and cereal-based infant products (Weanimix and Cerelac) was assessed using 3 wk-old male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 53–67 g as a model for human infants. Also, the effect of consumption of the infant formulations on lean mass, bone mass content and fat mass was evaluated by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) using 6 wk-old Sprague Dawley rats (initial weight, 206-229 g). The ComFa products and Weanimix are household-level formulations, and Cerelac is a commercial infant cereal. The true protein digestibility score for Cerelac was 96.27%, and about 1.8% (P<0.0001) higher than that for OFSP ComFa, CFSP ComFa and Weanimix. However, OFSP ComFa had the highest un-truncated PDCAAS by a difference of 4.1%, than CFSP ComFa, and about 20% difference compared with both the Weanimix and Cerelac. All the products investigated had PDCAAS greater than 70%, the minimum protein quality requirement for complementary foods. Among the rats assigned to the four formulations, their bone mass and fat mass composition were not significantly different (P=0.08 and P=0.85, respectively). However, the rats on CFSP ComFa had higher lean mass than those on Cerelac (321.67 vs. 297.19 g; P=0.03). The findings from the PDCAAS and the DEXA-measured body composition studies indicate that complementary foods could be formulated from readily available agricultural resources at the household-level to support growth as would a nutritionally adequate industrial-manufactured infant cereal. Nonetheless, it should be noted that the findings of our studies are based on an animal model. 相似文献
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116.
Cheng-ai Jiang Qi-Tang Wu Thibault Sterckeman Christophe Schwartz Catherine Sirguey Stéphanie Ouvrard Jérôme Perriguey Jean-Louis Morel 《Ecological Engineering》2010,36(4):391-395
Co-planting crops normally decreases the main crop yield due to the reduced soil surface area occupied by the main crop. However, in our previous experiments, co-planting Sedum alfredii, a shade-requiring, Cd and Zn-hyperaccumulating plant, with corn increased the biomass and metal phytoextraction of S. alfredii. This experiment was conducted to verify if co-planting another hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens, with ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a pot-trial could obtain a similar result. The soil was separated by two permeable nets with a 2 mm interface soil layer to obtain a shared rhizosphere zone. Soluble metal concentrations in the soil in different rooting zones were measured using 0.01 mol L?1 CaCl2 extraction. The results showed that the growth of T. caerulescens was significantly promoted by co-planting, with a growth increase of about 2-fold compared with monoculture growth. The total uptake of Cd and Zn by T. caerulescens was not decreased by co-planting, and resulted in similar phytoextraction rates for Cd (about 26.6% of the soil total Cd) and Zn (about 2.4% of the soil total Zn) when compared with monoculture, though the T. caerulescens population was decreased by 50% because of co-planting. Analysis of soil samples showed that T. caerulescens substantially reduced the concentrations of 0.01 mol L?1 CaCl2 extractable Cd and Zn throughout the soil, even in the interface area and the ryegrass rooting area. The ryegrass roots did not mobilize more metals for the co-planted T. caerulescens. Based on these results, existing grass on contaminated land could be partly left while planting metal hyperaccumulators for phytoremediation in order to reduce runoff from the contaminated soil. However a field scale trial would be required for these results to be verified. 相似文献
117.
Marko Milisavljevic Taryn Hearty Tony Y. T. Wong Elodie Portales-Casamar Elizabeth M. Simpson Wyeth W. Wasserman 《Mammalian genome》2010,21(5-6):224-230
Laboratory Animal Management Assistant (LAMA) is an internet-based system for tracking large laboratory mouse colonies. It has a user-friendly interface with powerful search capabilities that ease day-to-day tasks such as tracking breeding cages and weaning litters. LAMA was originally developed to manage hundreds of new mouse strains generated by a large functional genomics program, the Pleiades Promoter Project (http://www.pleiades.org). The software system has proven to be highly flexible, suitable for diverse management approaches to mouse colonies. It allows custom tagging and grouping of animals, simplifying project-specific handling and access to data. Finally, LAMA was developed in close collaboration with mouse technicians to ease the transition from paper- or Excel-based management systems to computerized tracking, allowing data export in a popular spreadsheet format and automatic printing of cage cards. LAMA is an open-access software tool, freely available to the research community at http://launchpad.net/mousedb. 相似文献
118.
Inés Infante Maria A. Morel Martha C. Ubalde Cecilia Martínez-Rosales Silvia Belvisi Susana Castro-Sowinski 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(6):1047-1052
Wool is a natural animal fiber commonly used in fabrics, but requires physical and chemical processing treatment for such
applications. With the aim of developing new woollen textile products using environmentally friendly treatments, proteolytic
bacteria were isolated from raw wool samples of Merino sheep and screened for wool-degrading activity. Two isolates were identified as Bacillus megaterium L4 and Bacillus thuringiensis L11 by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Both isolates grew on a minimal medium using wool-fiber or wool-fabric as sole carbon
and nitrogen sources. Bacterial growth was correlated with extracellular protease activity, and maximal protease production
was in early stationary phase. The exoprotease produced by L11 was found to be a thermo-tolerant metalloprotease stabilized
by calcium or magnesium, and had optimum activity at pH 7.0 and temperature at 40°C. During bacterial growth the wool-fiber
lost weight, but it did not show changes in diameter. When wool-fabric was used instead of wool-fiber weight loss and non-shrinking
was found. These are encouraging results for textile processing that should be useful for development of new textile products
by direct microbial processing. A potential alternative that could be suggested from our study would be to treat wool with
wool-degrading microorganisms in order to develop environmentally friendly processes. 相似文献
119.
Pasta is popular for its ease of cooking and its low glycaemic index (GI). This interesting nutritional property can be attributed
to its specific compact structure generally described as a protein network entrapping starch granules. Despite this low GI,
pasta is poor in fibres and lack some essential amino acids. To enhance its nutritional composition, pasta can be fortified
with non-traditional ingredients such as legume flours. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of legume
flour addition on pasta structure and the inherent consequences on the in vitro digestibility of starch. The addition of a high level (35%, w/w) of legume flour, especially split pea flour, induced some minor structural changes in pasta. The inclusion of fibres, the
dilution of gluten proteins by albumins and globulins, and the larger amount of thin protein films (in split pea pasta) may
have favoured higher susceptibility of starch to digestive enzymes. At the opposite, the presence of some partially gelatinised
starch granules in the core of fortified pasta may have favoured the decrease in the in vitro starch digestibility. As a consequence, a high level of legume flour addition in pasta did not have any significant impact
on its in vitro starch digestibility. A high level of split pea and faba bean flours can thus be added to pasta to increase its nutritional
composition while keeping its low glycaemic index. 相似文献
120.
Deletion 17q12 is a recurrent copy number variant that confers high risk of autism and schizophrenia
Moreno-De-Luca D;SGENE Consortium Mulle JG;Simons Simplex Collection Genetics Consortium Kaminsky EB Sanders SJ;GeneSTAR Myers SM Adam MP Pakula AT Eisenhauer NJ Uhas K Weik L Guy L Care ME Morel CF Boni C Salbert BA Chandrareddy A Demmer LA Chow EW Surti U Aradhya S Pickering DL Golden DM Sanger WG Aston E Brothman AR Gliem TJ Thorland EC Ackley T Iyer R Huang S Barber JC Crolla JA Warren ST Martin CL Ledbetter DH 《American journal of human genetics》2010,87(5):618-630
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia are neurodevelopmental disorders for which recent evidence indicates an important etiologic role for rare copy number variants (CNVs) and suggests common genetic mechanisms. We performed cytogenomic array analysis in a discovery sample of patients with neurodevelopmental disorders referred for clinical testing. We detected a recurrent 1.4 Mb deletion at 17q12, which harbors HNF1B, the gene responsible for renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD), in 18/15,749 patients, including several with ASD, but 0/4,519 controls. We identified additional shared phenotypic features among nine patients available for clinical assessment, including macrocephaly, characteristic facial features, renal anomalies, and neurocognitive impairments. In a large follow-up sample, the same deletion was identified in 2/1,182 ASD/neurocognitive impairment and in 4/6,340 schizophrenia patients, but in 0/47,929 controls (corrected p = 7.37 × 10−5). These data demonstrate that deletion 17q12 is a recurrent, pathogenic CNV that confers a very high risk for ASD and schizophrenia and show that one or more of the 15 genes in the deleted interval is dosage sensitive and essential for normal brain development and function. In addition, the phenotypic features of patients with this CNV are consistent with a contiguous gene syndrome that extends beyond RCAD, which is caused by HNF1B mutations only. 相似文献