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41.
Alida Frankline Hasiniaina Ute Radespiel Sharon E. Kessler Mamy Rina Evasoa Solofonirina Rasoloharijaona Blanchard Randrianambinina Elke Zimmermann Sabine Schmidt Marina Scheumann 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(8):3784-3797
Acoustic phenotypic variation is of major importance for speciation and the evolution of species diversity. Whereas selective and stochastic forces shaping the acoustic divergence of signaling systems are well studied in insects, frogs, and birds, knowledge on the processes driving acoustic phenotypic evolution in mammals is limited. We quantified the acoustic variation of a call type exchanged during agonistic encounters across eight distinct species of the smallest‐bodied nocturnal primate radiation, the Malagasy mouse lemurs. The species live in two different habitats (dry forest vs. humid forest), differ in geographic distance to each other, and belong to four distinct phylogenetic clades within the genus. Genetically defined species were discriminated reliably on the phenotypic level based on their acoustic distinctiveness in a discriminant function analysis. Acoustic variation was explained by genetic distance, whereas differences in morphology, forest type, or geographic distance had no effect. The strong impact of genetics was supported by a correlation between acoustic and genetic distance and the high agreement in branching pattern between the acoustic and molecular phylogenetic trees. In sum, stochastic factors such as genetic drift best explained acoustic diversification in a social communication call of mouse lemurs. 相似文献
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Nuradilah Denan Wan Mamat Wan Zaki Ahmad R. Norhisham Ruzana Sanusi Dzulhelmi Muhammad Nasir Frisco Nobilly Adham Ashton‐Butt Alex M. Lechner Badrul Azhar 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(2):654-661
In human‐modified landscapes, important ecological functions such as predation are negatively affected by anthropogenic activities, including the use of pesticides and habitat degradation. Predation of insect pests is an indicator of healthy ecosystem functioning, which provides important ecosystem services, especially for agricultural systems. In this study, we compare predation attempts from arthropods, mammals, and birds on artificial caterpillars in the understory, between three tropical agricultural land‐use types: oil palm plantations, rubber tree plantations, and fruit orchards. We collected a range of local and landscape‐scale data including undergrowth vegetation structure; elevation; proximity to forest; and canopy cover in order to understand how environmental variables can affect predation. In all three land‐use types, our results showed that arthropods and mammals were important predators of artificial caterpillars and there was little predation by birds. We did not find any effect of the environmental variables on predation. There was an interactive effect between land‐use type and predator type. Predation by mammals was considerably higher in fruit orchards and rubber tree than in oil palm plantations, likely due to their ability to support higher abundances of insectivorous mammals. In order to maintain or enhance natural pest control in these common tropical agricultural land‐use types, management practices that benefit insectivorous animals should be introduced, such as the reduction of pesticides, improvement of understory vegetation, and local and landscape heterogeneity. 相似文献
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De Bauw Pieterjan Smolders Erik Verbeeck Mieke Senthilkumar Kalimuthu Houben Eva Vandamme Elke 《Plant and Soil》2021,463(1-2):187-204
Plant and Soil - Upland rice production is often constrained by phosphorus deficiency (P) and drought events. Methods are needed to maximize P use efficiency, while promoting deep root development... 相似文献
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Rafael Deliz-Aguirre Fakun Cao Fenja H.U. Gerpott Nichanok Auevechanichkul Mariam Chupanova YeVin Mun Elke Ziska Marcus J. Taylor 《The Journal of cell biology》2021,220(7)
A recurring feature of innate immune receptor signaling is the self-assembly of signaling proteins into oligomeric complexes. The Myddosome is an oligomeric complex that is required to transmit inflammatory signals from TLR/IL1Rs and consists of MyD88 and IRAK family kinases. However, the molecular basis for how Myddosome proteins self-assemble and regulate intracellular signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a novel assay to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of IL1R and Myddosome signaling in live cells. We found that MyD88 oligomerization is inducible and initially reversible. Moreover, the formation of larger, stable oligomers consisting of more than four MyD88s triggers the sequential recruitment of IRAK4 and IRAK1. Notably, genetic knockout of IRAK4 enhanced MyD88 oligomerization, indicating that IRAK4 controls MyD88 oligomer size and growth. MyD88 oligomer size thus functions as a physical threshold to trigger downstream signaling. These results provide a mechanistic basis for how protein oligomerization might function in cell signaling pathways. 相似文献
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Jeffrey G. Marblestone Samir Butt Devin M. McKelvey David E. Sterner Michael R. Mattern Benjamin Nicholson Michael J. Eddins 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》2013,67(1):161-167
The ubiquitin pathway regulates diverse functions including protein localization and stability. The complexity of the pathway involving nearly 40 identified E2 conjugating enzymes and over 600 E3 ligases raises the issue of specificity. With the E2s and E3s fitting into a limited number of classes based on bioinformatics, structures, and proven activities, there is not a clear picture as to what would determine which E2/E3 enzyme pair would be functional. There have been many reports of limited E2/E3 activity profiling with a small number of E2s and E3s. We have expanded on this to investigate the activity of ubiquitin E2s covering the majority of the reported classes/families in concert with a number of E3s implicated in a variety of diseases. Using an ELISA-based assay we screened 10 E3 ligases against a panel of 11 E2s to determine which E2/E3 pairs exhibited E3 autoubiquitylation activity. In addition, the ubiquitin chain linkage preference by certain E2/E3 pairs was investigated. Finally, substrate ubiquitylation was assayed for the E3 ligase MuRF1 using various E2/MuRF1 pairs. These studies demonstrate the utility of identifying the correct E2/E3 pair to monitor specific substrate ubiquitylation. 相似文献
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Sponsored by Waters Corporation organized by the Education Committee: Dr. Kevin L. Knudtson Dr. Allis S. Chien Dr Natalia G. Reyero Vinas Dr LeRoy Martin Dr. Janet M Murray Dr. Paul A Rudnick Brian C. Searle Michael Zianni Tim C Hunter James Van Ee David Needleman Elke Kuster-Schock 《Journal of biomolecular techniques》2013,24(2):112
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Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are widely used in biochemistry, biology and biophysics. For quantitative analysis of gene expression FPs are often used as marking molecules. Therefore, sufficient knowledge of maturation times and their affecting factors is of high interest. Here, we investigate the maturation process of the FPs GFP and mCherry expressed by the three closely related Escherichia coli strains of the Colicin E2 system, a model system for colicinogenic interaction. One strain, the C strain produces Colicin, a toxin to which the S strain is sensitive, and against which the R strain is resistant. Under the growth conditions used in this study, the S and R strain have similar growth rates, as opposed to the C strain whose growth rate is significantly reduced due to the toxin production. In combination with theoretical modelling we studied the maturation kinetics of the two FPs in these strains and could confirm an exponential and sigmoidal maturation kinetic for GFP and mCherry, respectively. Our subsequent quantitative experimental analysis revealed a high variance in maturation times independent of the strain studied. In addition, we determined strain dependent maturation times and maturation behaviour. Firstly, FPs expressed by the S and R strain mature on similar average time-scales as opposed to FPs expressed by the C strain. Secondly, dependencies of maturation time with growth conditions are most pronounced in the GFP expressing C strain: Doubling the growth rate of this C strain results in an increased maturation time by a factor of 1.4. As maturation times can vary even between closely related strains, our data emphasize the importance of profound knowledge of individual strains'' maturation times for accurate interpretation of gene expression data. 相似文献