云南叶螨属一新种(蜱螨目:叶螨科)

在鉴定云南叶螨标本时,发现叶螨属一新种,现记述如下。模式标本保存于上海农学院。本文量度单位均为微米。 食禾叶螨Tetranychus graminivorus新种(图1—14) 雌螨 体长(包括喙)454,宽298。椭圆形。浅黄绿色。须肢端感器圆柱形,长6.8,     

Regulation by glucocorticoids of rat-liver phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo

Phenylalanine hydroxylase, a liver-associated enzyme, is induced markedly by glucocorticoids in two permanent rat-hepatoma cell lines. In order to gain evidence that this phenomenon also occurs in vivo, we examined the effect of adrenalectomy and/or hormone supplementation on the levels of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the livers of adult rats: glucocorticoid administration increases, and adrenal ablation reduces, the activity of the hepatic enzyme, and the diminution occurring in the latter instance is entirely prevented by concurrent hormone replacement. These results thus corroborate earlier findings from a single experiment and are consistent with the hypothesis that adrenal corticosteroid hormones participate in modulating phenylalanine-hydroxylase levels within the diploid hepatocyte.     

Synthesis and maturation of cross-reactive glycoprotein in fibroblasts deficient in arylsulfatase a activity

The biosynthesis of arylsulfatase A was studied in cultured fibroblasts by pulse-chase labeling with [2-³H]mannose; the enzyme was isolated by immunoprecipitation and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In normal fibroblasts, and in fibroblasts from a patient with multiple sulfatase deficiency, the enzyme was synthesized as a glycoprotein of apparent molecular weight of 59,000; half of it was processed over a period of 4 days to M_r= 57,000. The precursor chain of M_r= 59,000 was secreted in the presence of 10 mM NH₄Cl. An immunoprecipitable glycoprotein of normal size was synthesized by fibroblasts from two unrelated patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, but this material disappeared within twenty hours. In fibroblasts from an individual with pseudodeficiency of arylsulfatase A, the immunoprecipitable precursor glycoprotein was smaller (M_r= 56,000). The synthesis of cross-reactive proteins with altered properties supports the concept of allelic mutations as the genetic basis of metachromatic leukodystrophy and of arylsulfatase A pseudodeficiency.     

Ineffective erythropoiesis in acute human P. falciparum malaria

An analysis of erythroblast cell kinetics utilizing quantitative 14C-autoradiography has been performed in five cases of acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria prior to and, in four patients, 3 or 6 days after the onset of antimalarial therapy. Associated with no or only moderate anemia were changes of erythroblast morphology, a considerable shift in the frequency of red and white blood cell precursors in the bone marrow, and a reduced rate of erythroblast proliferation. There was a marked loss of polychromatic erythroblasts, which was smaller but still detectable during the therapeutic phase. The results provide some quantitative data on the extent of "parenchymal damage" of bone marrow and stress the impact of ineffective erythropoiesis and reduced rate of erythropoietic proliferation on the emergence of anemia in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.     

Processing of the Encephalomyocarditis Virus Capsid Precursor Protein Studies in Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysates Incubated with N-Formyl-[35S]Methionine-tRNAfMet

Translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysates in the presence of N-formyl-[(35)S]methionine-tRNA(f) (Met) revealed that a small polypeptide is cleaved from the N-terminus of the capsid protein precursor, preA, by virus-coded protease activity. Therefore, this N-terminal segment comprising the translation initiation site is not conserved in any of the mature capsid proteins.     

Some factors affecting spore replication of Nosema algerae (Microspora,Nosematidae) in Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera)

The production of Nosema algerae spores was examined in Pieris brassicae. Spore replication in the insect host followed a logistic pattern of development. The factors studied which affected spore production and replication were dose level (5 × 10², 5 × 10³, and 5 × 10⁴ spores per insect), larval instar (fourth and fifth), and cool pretreatment of the insects at 20°C prior to inoculation compared with a constant temperature of 26°C. A three-way analysis showed the interactions between these factors. The logistic pattern of spore replication was used to explain the results.     

Cultural Aspects of Health and Illness Behavior in Hospitals

Health care attitudes reflect the basic world view and values of a culture, such as how we relate to nature, other people, time, being, society versus community, children versus elders and independence versus dependence. Illness behavior determines who is vulnerable to illness and who agrees to become a patient—since only about one third of the ill will see a physician. Cultural values determine how one will behave as a patient and what it means to be ill and especially to be a hospital patient. They affect decisions about a patient''s treatment and who makes the decisions. Cultural differences create problems in communication, rapport, physical examination and treatment compliance and follow through. The special meaning of medicines and diet requires particular attention. The perception of physical pain and psychologic distress varies from culture to culture and affects the attitudes and effectiveness of care-givers as much as of patients. Religious beliefs and attitudes about death, which have many cultural variations, are especially relevant to hospital-based treatment. Linguistic and cultural interpreters can be essential; they are more available than realized, though there are pitfalls in their use. Finally, one must recognize that individual characteristics may outweigh the ethnic and that a good caring relationship can compensate for many cultural missteps.     

Comparison of stem-cell recovery in autoimmune and normal strains

The capacity of NZB stem cells to proliferate in vivo was evaluated in two systems which required repopulation of peripheral organs. In both types of depletion systems, stem-cell repopulation after cyclophosphamide treatment or adoptive transfer repopulation in lethally irradiated hosts, it was found that NZB stem cells were hyperproliferating. The increase in proliferating cells was most pronounced in the spleens of NZB mice treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide and in lethally irradiated F₁ mice reconstituted with NZB T-cell-depleted bone marrow. Thus, upon a stimulus to repopulate, NZB marrow stem cells will hyperproliferate in peripheral organs resulting in an increase in cell number. The abnormality in the marrow cells can be observed in young NZB mice when their marrow cells are in an environment which requires recovery and division.