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Elissa E. Epel Anne E. Moyer Chloe D. Martin Susan Macary Nancy Cummings Judith Rodin Marielle Rebuffe-Scrive 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》1999,7(1):9-15
EPEL, ELISSA A., ANNE E. MOYER, CHLOE D. MARTIN, SUSAN MACARY, NANCY CUMMINGS, JUDITH RODIN, AND MARIELLE REBUFFE-SCRIVE. Stress-induced Cortisol, mood, and fat distribution in men. Obes Res. 1999;7:9–15. Objective : A previous study in our laboratory (Moyer et al., Obes Res. 1994;2:255-62 found that, in response to uncontrollable laboratory stress, women with a high waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) had higher Cortisol reactivity, poorer coping skills, and lower anger responses than women with low WHR. We aimed to compare high WHR men's stress responses to these women. Research Methods and Procedures : The current study examined Cortisol reactivity and psychological data of 27 healthy high WHR men exposed to the same laboratory challenges as the women from our previous study. Men's data are discussed in relation to that of the high and low WHR women. Results : Men responded to the stress with increases in both Cortisol and blood pressure. In comparison with the high and low WHR women, men had significantly higher total cortisof on the stress day. However, when comparing a sub-sample of men and women matched in WHR's, differences in Cortisol secretion were greatly diminished and no longer significant. In addition, men had higher desire for control than both high and low WHR women, and lower mood reactivity than low WHR women. Despite the lower mood reactivity of high WHR groups, the high mood reactors among the high WHR women, and to a lesser extent, men, tended to have higher Cortisol reactivity. Discussion: These results suggest that the psychological differences and greater exposure to Cortisol observed amon; the high WHR men and women may have played a role ii contributing to their greater abdominal fat depots. Discussion : These results suggest that the psychological differences and greater exposure to cortisol observed among the high WHR men and women may have played a role contributing to their greater abdominal fat depots. 相似文献
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Residential proximity to major roadways,fine particulate matter,and adiposity: The framingham heart study 下载免费PDF全文
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Cooperative breeding societies are defined by the presence of helpers. Defining helping behavior in cooperatively breeding
mammals has been difficult because lactation limits the ability of individuals to provision non-genetic young. As a consequence,
“helping” behavior has frequently included predator and conspecific defense and thermoregulation. However, these behaviors
are often associated with the benefits of group living and their expression may not warrant a species’ classification as a
cooperative breeder (e.g., many ungulates and pinnipeds). In this study, we examine cooperative breeding behavior in the common
warthog, Phacochoerus africanus. Warthogs exhibit substantial variation in breeding strategies and females will raise their young alone or in association
with other females. The size of warthog groups varies throughout the year and we investigate fission and fusion of individual
breeding groups to elucidate the costs and benefits of adopting different reproductive strategies. We found that the cohesion
of female groups was related to parturition suggesting that there are benefits to sociality that are related to the production
and care of offspring. Additionally, we found that reproductively-aged group members will help other group members by both
babysitting and adopting the group’s offspring indicating active selection for cooperation. We did not witness any incidences
of yearling group members exhibiting these behaviors indicating differential trade-offs to cooperation possibly related to
the helper’s age/experience. 相似文献
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The misery and suffering caused worldwide by infection with the malaria parasite, especially Plasmodium falciparum, has been well documented. Although no licensed vaccine against malaria currently exists, progress has accelerated in recent years towards the goal of developing one. Although the complexity of the malaria parasite has made the malaria vaccine development process tenuous, advances in science and in the vaccine development process as well as increases in funding are encouraging. These advances, coupled with the results of the recent clinical trial of the vaccine candidate RTS,S, have added new vigor to the idea that a malaria vaccine is not only possible but probable. 相似文献
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