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991.
Martin Gael Oyono Sebastien Kenmoe Ngu Njei Abanda Guy Roussel Takuissu Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo Raoul Kenfack-Momo Cyprien Kengne-Nde Donatien Serge Mbaga Serges Tchatchouang Josiane Kenfack-Zanguim Robertine Lontuo Fogang Elisabeth Zeukoo Menkem Juliette Laure Ndzie Ondigui Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse Jeannette Nina Magoudjou-Pekam Arnol Bowo-Ngandji Seraphine Nkie Esemu Lucy Ndip 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2022,16(7)
Yellow fever (YF) has re-emerged in the last two decades causing several outbreaks in endemic countries and spreading to new receptive regions. This changing epidemiology of YF creates new challenges for global public health efforts. Yellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) that circulates between humans, the mosquito vector, and non-human primates (NHP). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we review and analyse data on the case fatality rate (CFR) and prevalence of YFV in humans, and on the prevalence of YFV in arthropods, and NHP in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, African Journal Online, and African Index Medicus databases. We included studies reporting data on the CFR and/or prevalence of YFV. Extracted data was verified and analysed using the random effect meta-analysis. We conducted subgroup, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analyses using the random effect meta-analysis while I2 statistic was employed to determine heterogeneity. This review was registered with PROSPERO under the identification CRD42021242444. The final meta-analysis included 55 studies. The overall case fatality rate due to YFV was 31.1% (18.3–45.4) in humans and pooled prevalence of YFV infection was 9.4% (6.9–12.2) in humans. Only five studies in West and East Africa detected the YFV in mosquito species of the genus Aedes and in Anopheles funestus. In NHP, YFV antibodies were found only in members of the Cercopithecidae family. Our analysis provides evidence on the ongoing circulation of the YFV in humans, Aedes mosquitoes and NHP in SSA. These observations highlight the ongoing transmission of the YFV and its potential to cause large outbreaks in SSA. As such, strategies such as those proposed by the WHO’s Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE) initiative are urgently needed to control and prevent yellow fever outbreaks in SSA. 相似文献
992.
Christian Sturmbauer Corinna Fuchs Georg Harb Elisabeth Damm Nina Duftner Michaela Maderbacher Martin Koch Stephan Koblmüller 《Hydrobiologia》2008,615(1):57-68
Lake Tanganyika, the second-oldest and second-deepest lake in the world, harbors an impressive cichlid fish fauna counting about 250 endemic species that are characterized by a great level of ecological, morphological, and behavioral specialization. This study describes and compares cichlid fish communities at two rocky shores with differential human impact in the south of Lake Tanganyika. Species inventories and depth-dependent abundances were elaborated. About 41 and 46 sympatric cichlid species were recorded in the two study sites, respectively. Variabilichromis moorii was the most abundant species (29–60% of total number of fishes), followed by Aulonocranus dewindti (3–19%), Tropheus moorii (12%), Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (4–10%), Eretmodus cyanostictus (6–11%), and Cyathopharynx furcifer (0.01–9%). All other species had abundances below 5%. It further emerged that large cichlids such as Petrochromis species, Cyathopharynx furcifer, and Lobochilotes labiatus were very rare at one location, with frequencies of 0.55% or less. Territorial sizes of three particularly abundant species, Variabilichromis moorii, Aulonocranus dewindti, and Tropheus moorii, were assessed by behavioral observations. We distinguished between territorial core areas and total defended area, yielding average core areas between 0.4 (V. moorii) and 1.6 m2 (T. moorii), and total defended areas averaging for each species between 1.6 (V. moorii) and 5.0 m2 (A. dewindti) with no significant differences between the two study sites. The data on individual densities are also relevant for evolutionary studies, in that they allow more accurate calculations of effective population sizes. 相似文献
993.
E. Iwarsson Monalill Lundqvist José Inzunza Lars Ährlund-Richter Peter Sjöblom Örjan Lundkvist Niklas Simberg Magnus Nordenskjöld Elisabeth Blennow 《Human genetics》1999,104(5):376-382
We have studied the chromosomal content in 68 normally fertilised freeze-thawed human embryos of good morphology from 34
patients with an average maternal age of 32,6 years. Forty embryos showed post-thaw cellular division and twenty-eight post-thaw
cleavage arrest. After spreading of the embryos on microscope slides, analysis of chromosomes X, Y, 15, 16, 17 and 18 was
performed using two rounds of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). According to the results, the embryos were divided into four groups: (I) normal, all nuclei uniformly
diploid, (II) diploid mosaics, normal diploid blastomeres in combination with abnormal blastomeres, (III) abnormal, all nuclei
abnormal, (IV) chaotic, the chromosome constitution varies randomly from cell to cell. Approximately 25% of the embryos had
normal number of the chromosomes tested, while the majority of the embryos were abnormal. Most of the abnormal embryos were
diploid mosaics (57%). This was true for the embryos showing cleavage division as well as the embryos showing cleavage arrest.
Our data show a slightly higher incidence of abnormal embryos compared to those obtained with FISH in non-cryopreserved embryos
and confirm that the majority of preimplantation embryos fertilised in vitro contain abnormal blastomeres. The results, mechanisms, significance and implications are discussed.
Received: 19 November 1998 / Accepted: 4 March 1999 相似文献
994.
Fabien Sénéchal Mélanie L'Enfant Jean-Marc Domon Emeline Rosiau Marie-Jeanne Crépeau Ogier Surcouf Juan Esquivel-Rodriguez Paulo Marcelo Alain Mareck Fran?ois Guérineau Hyung-Rae Kim Jozef Mravec Estelle Bonnin Elisabeth Jamet Daisuke Kihara Patrice Lerouge Marie-Christine Ralet Jér?me Pelloux Catherine Rayon 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(38):23320-23335
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) catalyze the demethylesterification of homogalacturonan domains of pectin in plant cell walls and are regulated by endogenous pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs). In Arabidopsis dark-grown hypocotyls, one PME (AtPME3) and one PMEI (AtPMEI7) were identified as potential interacting proteins. Using RT-quantitative PCR analysis and gene promoter::GUS fusions, we first showed that AtPME3 and AtPMEI7 genes had overlapping patterns of expression in etiolated hypocotyls. The two proteins were identified in hypocotyl cell wall extracts by proteomics. To investigate the potential interaction between AtPME3 and AtPMEI7, both proteins were expressed in a heterologous system and purified by affinity chromatography. The activity of recombinant AtPME3 was characterized on homogalacturonans (HGs) with distinct degrees/patterns of methylesterification. AtPME3 showed the highest activity at pH 7.5 on HG substrates with a degree of methylesterification between 60 and 80% and a random distribution of methyl esters. On the best HG substrate, AtPME3 generates long non-methylesterified stretches and leaves short highly methylesterified zones, indicating that it acts as a processive enzyme. The recombinant AtPMEI7 and AtPME3 interaction reduces the level of demethylesterification of the HG substrate but does not inhibit the processivity of the enzyme. These data suggest that the AtPME3·AtPMEI7 complex is not covalently linked and could, depending on the pH, be alternately formed and dissociated. Docking analysis indicated that the inhibition of AtPME3 could occur via the interaction of AtPMEI7 with a PME ligand-binding cleft structure. All of these data indicate that AtPME3 and AtPMEI7 could be partners involved in the fine tuning of HG methylesterification during plant development. 相似文献
995.
996.
997.
Small RNA binding is a common strategy to suppress RNA silencing by several viral suppressors 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
Lakatos L Csorba T Pantaleo V Chapman EJ Carrington JC Liu YP Dolja VV Calvino LF López-Moya JJ Burgyán J 《The EMBO journal》2006,25(12):2768-2780
RNA silencing is an evolutionarily conserved system that functions as an antiviral mechanism in higher plants and insects. To counteract RNA silencing, viruses express silencing suppressors that interfere with both siRNA- and microRNA-guided silencing pathways. We used comparative in vitro and in vivo approaches to analyse the molecular mechanism of suppression by three well-studied silencing suppressors. We found that silencing suppressors p19, p21 and HC-Pro each inhibit the intermediate step of RNA silencing via binding to siRNAs, although the molecular features required for duplex siRNA binding differ among the three proteins. None of the suppressors affected the activity of preassembled RISC complexes. In contrast, each suppressor uniformly inhibited the siRNA-initiated RISC assembly pathway by preventing RNA silencing initiator complex formation. 相似文献
998.
dsRNA-mediated resistance to Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus infections in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Britt-Louise Lennefors Eugene I. Savenkov Jan Bensefelt Elisabeth Wremerth-Weich Petra van Roggen Stig Tuvesson Jari P. T. Valkonen Jan Gielen 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2006,18(4):313-325
Rhizomania, one of the most devastating diseases in sugar beet, is caused by Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV) belonging to the genus Benyvirus. Use of sugar beet varieties with resistance to BNYVV is generally considered as the only way to maintain a profitable yield on rhizomania-infested fields. As an alternative to natural resistance, we explored the transgenic expression of viral dsRNA for engineering resistance to rhizomania. Transgenic plants expressing an inverted repeat of a 0.4 kb fragment derived from the BNYVV replicase gene displayed high levels of resistance against different genetic strains of BNYVV when inoculated using the natural vector, Polymyxa betae. The resistance was maintained under high infection pressures and over prolonged growing periods in the greenhouse as well as in the field. Resistant plants accumulated extremely low amounts of transgene mRNA and high amounts of the corresponding siRNA in the roots, illustrative of RNA silencing as the underlying mechanism. The transgenic resistance compared very favourably to natural sources of resistance to rhizomania and thus offers an attractive alternative for breeding resistant sugar beet varieties. 相似文献
999.
Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans sp. nov., a new yeast species useful in biological detoxification of various mycotoxins 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A yeast strain isolated from the hindgut of the lower termite Mastotermes darwiniensis (Mastotermitidae) was found to represent a new member of the genus Trichosporon. Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans is closely related to T. loubieri on the basis of the phylogenetic trees based on the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA, an approx. 600 bp fragment of the 18S rDNA and both ITS regions. However, the two species differ at nine positions in the D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA. The IGS1 region of T. mycotoxinivorans is 401 bp long. T. mycotoxinivorans is distinguished from T. loubieri by its ability to assimilate inulin and galactitol, and its inability to grow at 40 °C. The name of this newly isolated strain refers to an important characteristics of T. mycotoxinivorans to detoxify mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A and zearalenone. Therefore this strain can be used for the deactivation of the respective mycotoxins in animal feeds. 相似文献
1000.
Mark A. K. Gillespie Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir Ian D. Hodkinson Elisabeth J. Cooper 《Global Change Biology》2013,19(12):3698-3708
Recently, there have been several studies using open top chambers (OTCs) or cloches to examine the response of Arctic plant communities to artificially elevated temperatures. Few, however, have investigated multitrophic systems, or the effects of both temperature and vertebrate grazing treatments on invertebrates. This study investigated trophic interactions between an herbivorous insect (Sitobion calvulum, Aphididae), a woody perennial host plant (Salix polaris) and a selective vertebrate grazer (barnacle geese, Branta leucopsis). In a factorial experiment, the responses of the insect and its host to elevated temperatures using open top chambers (OTCs) and to three levels of goose grazing pressure were assessed over two summer growing seasons (2004 and 2005). OTCs significantly enhanced the leaf phenology of Salix in both years and there was a significant OTC by goose presence interaction in 2004. Salix leaf number was unaffected by treatments in both years, but OTCs increased leaf size and mass in 2005. Salix reproduction and the phenology of flowers were unaffected by both treatments. Aphid densities were increased by OTCs but unaffected by goose presence in both years. While goose presence had little effect on aphid density or host plant phenology in this system, the OTC effects provide interesting insights into the possibility of phenological synchrony disruption. The advanced phenology of Salix effectively lengthens the growing season for the plant, but despite a close association with leaf maturity, the population dynamics of the aphid appeared to lack a similar phenological response, except for the increased population observed. 相似文献