中国结节性硬化症患者的临床特点及诊断现状分析

目的:回顾结节性硬化症(TSC)在中国的诊断现状,分析中国TSC患者的临床特点,促进TSC的识别、规范化诊治和管理。方法:在维普数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed数据库中全面检索2001年-2014年13年间国内外发表的关于中国患者TSC的269篇所涉及的3171例TSC患者从皮肤、神经系统、肾脏、心脏、肺等多系统的临床特点对文献进行了统计和分析,并对TSC患者遗传学方面的基因检测情况进行了归纳和总结。结果:对照2012年TSC诊断指南,在对诊断标准中主要指征的报道中,共有247篇文献对2607例TSC患者的皮肤损害进行了描述,212篇文献对2395例TSC患者的神经系统损害的影像学表现进行了报道,有55篇文献报道了对348例患者进行的眼底检查中发现多发性视网膜错构瘤84例,32篇文献报道了对282例患者进行的心脏彩超检查中发现162例心脏横纹肌瘤,45篇文献在对282例患者进行的胸片检查、20篇文献在对36例患者进行的胸部CT检查中共发现淋巴管肌瘤病50例。在98篇文献报道的对696例患者进行的肾脏超声检查、51篇文献报道的对221例患者进行的肾脏CT检查和2篇文献报道的对2例患者进行的肾脏MRI检查中共发现肾脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤416例;在58篇文献报道的对586例TSC患者进行的肝脏超声检查、30篇文献报道的对104例患者进行的腹部CT检查、2篇文献报道的对3例患者进行的腹部MRI检查中共发现肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤141例。在诊断标准中的次要指征的报道中,对多发性肾囊肿的报道最多,而对牙釉质凹陷、Confetti皮损的描述却几乎缺失。在其他临床表现的研究中,癫痫的相关文献最多,有关智力评估的文献尚缺乏客观的智力评估标准。遗传学基因检测逐渐成为近几年文献报道的热点。结论:在过去13年间,中国医生对TSC的诊治作出了很大贡献,但诊断过程中仍存在对疾病认识的不足和对全局观念的缺乏,推广新版指南的诊断标准对于中国医生是十分有意义的。     

RNAi Transfection Results in Lipidome Changes

RNAi experiments are ubiquitously used in cell biology and are achieved by transfection of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into cells using a transfection reagent. These results in knock‐down of proteins of interest, and the phenotypic consequences are then analyzed. It is reported here that two common RNA interference (RNAi) transfection reagents, DharmaFECT 1 and INTERFERin, in mock transfections using non‐targeting siRNAs, cause alterations in the lipidome of HeLa cells. Some lipids change in response to both, presumably chemically different, transfection reagents, while other lipid species change only in response to one of the reagents. While the functional implications of these lipidomic alterations remain to be investigated, the authors' experiments suggest that it is important to use appropriate mock transfection controls during RNAi experiments, ideally complemented by an orthogonal perturbation, especially when investigating membrane‐associated phenomena.     

重症监护病房长期机械通气患者撤机困难的原因及死亡影响因素分析

目的:探讨重症监护病房(ICU)长期机械通气患者撤机困难的原因及撤机死亡的影响因素。方法:对2015年6月至2018年10月我院收治的80例长期机械通气患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按照患者撤机结果分为撤机成功组52例和撤机困难组28例,根据患者存活情况分为存活组59例和死亡组21例。比较各组临床资料,分析撤机困难的原因及撤机死亡的影响因素。结果:撤机困难组年龄、心功能不全比例、多器官功能障碍(MODS)比例、呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)比例、肝功能不全比例、肾功能不全比例、血尿素氮显著高于撤机成功组,机械通气时间、气管切开时间显著长于撤机成功组,血清白蛋白显著低于撤机成功组(P0.05)。死亡组年龄、合并糖尿病比例、心功能不全比例、MODS比例、VAP比例、肝功能不全比例、肾功能不全比例、血尿素氮显著高于存活组,机械通气时间、气管切开时间显著长于存活组,血清白蛋白显著低于存活组(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄、合并糖尿病、MODS、VAP、机械通气时间、气管切开时间、血清白蛋白是ICU长期机械通气患者撤机死亡的影响因素(P0.05)。结论:患者治疗期间发生脏器功能不全或器官功能衰竭、机械通气时间较长、气管切开时间较长、营养状态较差是长期机械通气患者撤机困难的主要原因,年龄、合并糖尿病、MODS、VAP、机械通气时间、气管切开时间、血清白蛋白是ICU长期机械通气患者撤机死亡的影响因素。     

Adaptive evolution of butterfly wing shape: from morphology to behaviour

Butterflies display extreme variation in wing shape associated with tremendous ecological diversity. Disentangling the role of neutral versus adaptive processes in wing shape diversification remains a challenge for evolutionary biologists. Ascertaining how natural selection influences wing shape evolution requires both functional studies linking morphology to flight performance, and ecological investigations linking performance in the wild with fitness. However, direct links between morphological variation and fitness have rarely been established. The functional morphology of butterfly flight has been investigated but selective forces acting on flight behaviour and associated wing shape have received less attention. Here, we attempt to estimate the ecological relevance of morpho‐functional links established through biomechanical studies in order to understand the evolution of butterfly wing morphology. We survey the evidence for natural and sexual selection driving wing shape evolution in butterflies, and discuss how our functional knowledge may allow identification of the selective forces involved, at both the macro‐ and micro‐evolutionary scales. Our review shows that although correlations between wing shape variation and ecological factors have been established at the macro‐evolutionary level, the underlying selective pressures often remain unclear. We identify the need to investigate flight behaviour in relevant ecological contexts to detect variation in fitness‐related traits. Identifying the selective regime then should guide experimental studies towards the relevant estimates of flight performance. Habitat, predators and sex‐specific behaviours are likely to be major selective forces acting on wing shape evolution in butterflies. Some striking cases of morphological divergence driven by contrasting ecology involve both wing and body morphology, indicating that their interactions should be included in future studies investigating co‐evolution between morphology and flight behaviour.     

Chelate-assisted phytoextraction of lead using Fagopyrum esculentum: laboratory vs. field experiments

Abstract

The development of more sustainable remediation techniques has been receiving greater attention, as an alternative to soil excavation plan in urban gardens. An in situ phytoextraction experiment with buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) was performed with a 5?mmol kg^?1 citric acid (CA) application. Joint experiments under laboratory conditions were conducted using various cultivars of F. esculentum in two soils with a Pb contamination of either geogenic or anthropogenic origin and various chelate concentrations. Results show that a minimum dose of 50?mmol kg^?1 of CA is required to lower soil pH and raise the concentration of mobile Pb–CaCl₂ for both soils. Consequently, Pb shoot uptake is increased from 6.3 to 8.9 times depending on soil type. Phytoextraction efficiency is found to be 1.3 to 2.0 times higher in the anthropogenic contaminated soil than in the soil with geogenic Pb. A scale effect has also been identified since Pb root accumulation under laboratory conditions was 2.4 times higher than in the field experiment. Despite an increase in the Pb extraction rate with CA, buckwheat appears to lack the efficiency needed to remove Pb in moderately contaminated soils. The calculated remediation period would last 166?years to remove the mobile Pb fraction.     

Time-Restricted Feeding Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice Lacking a Circadian Clock

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Quantitative Analysis of the Whole-Body Metabolic Fate of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

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A Waveguide-Coupled Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Using an Au-MgF2-Au Structure

Plasmonics - We describe an Au-MgF2-Au trilayered waveguide-coupled surface plasmon resonance (WCSPR) sensor in this article. The characteristics of this sensing structure are compared with those...