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131.
Mingjuan Deng Elda Kutrolli Anne Sadewasser Sven Michel Masoumeh Motamedi Joibari Frank Jaschinski Gunilla Olivecrona Stefan K. Nilsson Sander Kersten 《Journal of lipid research》2022,63(7):100237
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is an important regulator of plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and an attractive pharmacological target for lowering plasma lipids and reducing cardiovascular risk. Here, we aimed to study the efficacy and safety of silencing ANGPTL4 in the livers of mice using hepatocyte-targeting GalNAc-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Compared with injections with negative control ASO, four injections of two different doses of ANGPTL4 ASO over 2 weeks markedly downregulated ANGPTL4 levels in liver and adipose tissue, which was associated with significantly higher adipose LPL activity and lower plasma TGs in fed and fasted mice, as well as lower plasma glucose levels in fed mice. In separate experiments, injection of two different doses of ANGPTL4 ASO over 20 weeks of high-fat feeding reduced hepatic and adipose ANGPTL4 levels but did not trigger mesenteric lymphadenopathy, an acute phase response, chylous ascites, or any other pathological phenotypes. Compared with mice injected with negative control ASO, mice injected with ANGPTL4 ASO showed reduced food intake, reduced weight gain, and improved glucose tolerance. In addition, they exhibited lower plasma TGs, total cholesterol, LDL-C, glucose, serum amyloid A, and liver TG levels. By contrast, no significant difference in plasma alanine aminotransferase activity was observed. Overall, these data suggest that ASOs targeting ANGPTL4 effectively reduce plasma TG levels in mice without raising major safety concerns. 相似文献
132.
Elda Dervishi Carmen Serrano Margalida Joy Malena Serrano Clementina Rodellar Jorge H Calvo 《BMC veterinary research》2010,6(1):40
Background
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are receiving increasing attention because of their beneficial effects on human health, with milk and meat products derived from ruminants as important sources of CLA in the human diet. SCD gene is responsible for some of the variation in CLA concentration in adipose tissues, and PPARγ, PPARα and SREBP1 genes are regulator of SCD gene. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the feeding system on fatty acid composition, CLA content and relative gene expression of Δ9-desaturase (SCD), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha, (PPARα) and Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP1) in Rasa Aragonesa light lambs in semitendinous muscle. Forty-four single-born male lambs were used to evaluate the effect of the feeding system, varying on an intensity gradient according to the use of concentrates: 1. grazing alfalfa, 2. grazing alfalfa with a supplement for lambs, 3. indoor lambs with grazing ewes and 4. drylot. 相似文献133.
Vignola Cristiano Bonetto Jacopo Furlan Guido Mazza Michele Nicosia Cristiano Russo Ermolli Elda Sadori Laura 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2022,31(2):171-186
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany - The ad 79 eruption of the Vesuvius severely affected the floodplain surrounding the ancient city of Pompeii, i.e. the Sarno River floodplain. The landscape... 相似文献
134.
135.
Livia Lucentini Manuela Rebora Maria Elena Puletti Lilia Gigliarelli Diego Fontaneto Elda Gaino Fausto Panara 《Hydrobiologia》2011,673(1):215-228
Previous phylogenetic investigations on the mayfly Baetis rhodani Pictet from several European countries, excluding Italy, strongly suggested the presence of cryptic species. Our paper reports
a DNA-taxonomy phylogenetic analysis of B. rhodani with additional populations coming from Italian and UK sites, and aims to identify potential cryptic species with a coalescent-based
method (GMYC model) and to understand the mechanisms of local coexistence of cryptic species. Twenty-five haplotypes of Italian
samples and five haplotypes of UK samples were identified and added to a large European dataset. A total of 11 potential cryptic
species have been recognised, and three of them co-occured in one Italian area. Such cryptic species seem to be phylogenetically
over-dispersed on the tree and temporally segregated, and the seasonal substitution pattern of cryptic species could explain
the apparently widespread distribution of the B. rhodani complex and its ability to adapt to different temperatures and food resources, justifying some of the differences observed
in the relationship between water temperature, growth rates and phenology documented from field studies. 相似文献
136.
Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez Elda Beltrán-Pe?a Alfredo Herrera-Estrella José López-Bucio 《Plant signaling & behavior》2011,6(10):1554-1563
Filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma have long been recognized as agents for the biocontrol of plant diseases. In this work, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the defense responses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings elicited by co-culture with Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma atroviride. Interaction of plant roots with fungal mycelium induced growth and defense responses, indicating that both processes are not inherently antagonist. Expression studies of the pathogenesis-related reporter markers pPr1a:uidA and pLox2:uidA in response to T. virens or T. atroviride provided evidence that the defense signaling pathway activated by these fungi involves salicylic acid (SA) and/or jasmonic acid (JA) depending on the amount of conidia inoculated. Moreover, we found that Arabidopsis seedlings colonized by Trichoderma accumulated hydrogen peroxide and camalexin in leaves. When grown under axenic conditions, T. virens produced indole-3-carboxaldehyde (ICAld) a tryptophan-derived compound with activity in plant development. In Arabidopsis seedlings whose roots are in contact with T. virens or T. atroviride, and challenged with Botrytis cinerea in leaves, disease severity was significantly reduced compared with axenically grown seedlings. Our results indicate that the defense responses elicited by Trichoderma in Arabidopsis are complex and involve the canonical defense hormones SA and JA as well as camalexin, which may be important factors in boosting plant immunity.Key words: Arabidopsis, Trichoderma, phytostimulation, defense responses, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, camalexin 相似文献
137.
138.
The calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna, originally observed along the Brazilian coast (Atlantic Ocean), is the only allochthonous invasive species of Porifera reported in the Mediterranean Sea. A 1-year investigation of the population dynamics and life-cycle of this exotic species in the Mar Piccolo di Taranto (southern Italy, central Mediterranean Sea) has provided a good opportunity to test how environmental variations can influence its life-cycle and to ascertain what strategy can be adopted to successfully colonize a new environment. In the Mar Piccolo di Taranto, P. magna exhibits marked temporal changes in biomass. The studied specimens reproduce almost all year round, showing a seasonal pattern that peaks during warm months. This prolonged sexual activity allows P. magna to continuously produce young specimens, with repeated recruitment events taking place throughout the year, thus offsetting the seasonal mortality of adult specimens. This r-strategy enables the non-indigenous sponge to achieve a high degree of maintenance over relatively long periods (ten years at least). 相似文献
139.
Elda Gaino Francesca Scoccia Silvana Piersanti Manuela Rebora Luca Giorgio Bellucci Alessandro Ludovisi 《Hydrobiologia》2012,679(1):139-153
This research shows the results of an analysis of siliceous spicules found in sediment cores collected in Lake Trasimeno (Umbria,
Italy), a shallow lake that experienced an important water level lowering during the last century. A morphological analysis
of sedimentary sponge records revealed that the spicules accumulated in the lake sediments over the last 150 years are attributable
to Ephydatia fluviatilis, the only sponge species found in the lake in recent years. The stratigraphic analysis of the cores showed that the abundance
and size of the sponge spicules (megascleres) have remarkably decreased, suggesting that a significant depletion of the sponge
fauna occurred, particularly during the first half of the twentieth century. A correlation analysis has identified morpho-hydrological
and related variables (the theoretical fraction of lake surface subjected to resuspension and the amount of total suspended
solids) as the most significant factors explaining the change in density of sponge spicules. Two ecological explanations of
the sponge decline are proposed, based on the sensitivity of the sponge both to the availability of suitable hard substrata
for colonization, and to the amount of wind-resuspended solids. One-ended sigmoid response curves were obtained by regression
and corresponding transfer functions were derived, which allow the mean water depth of the lake and total suspended solids
to be inferred from spicule density records. The results support the use of sponge spicules as a paleohydrological and paleoecological
proxy, application of which appears particularly promising for shallow-water systems. 相似文献
140.
The problem of olfaction in Paleoptera (Odonata, Ephemeroptera) cannot be considered fully elucidated until now. These insects have been traditionally considered anosmic, because their brain lacks glomerular antennal lobes, typically involved in Neoptera odor perception. In order to understand if the presumed coeloconic olfactory receptors described on the antennal flagellum of adult Odonata are really functioning, we performed an electrophysiological investigation with electroantennogram (EAG) and single cell recordings (SCR), using Libellula depressa L. (Odonata, Libellulidae) as a model species. Odors representing different chemical classes such as (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (acetate ester), (E)-2-hexenal, octanal (aldehydes), (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (alcohol), propionic acid, butyric acid (carboxylic acids), and 1,4-diaminobutane (amine) were tested. Most of the tested chemicals elicited depolarizing EAG responses in both male and female antennae; SCR show unambiguously for the first time the presence of olfactory neurons in the antennae of L. depressa and strongly support the olfactory function of the coeloconic sensilla located on the antennal flagellum of this species. Electrophysiological activity may not necessarily indicate behavioral activity, and the biological role of olfactory responses in Odonata must be determined in behavioral bioassays. This study represents a starting point for further behavioral, electrophysiological, neuroanatomical and molecular investigation on Odonata olfaction, a research field particularly interesting owing to the basal position of Paleoptera, also for tracing evolutionary trends in insect olfaction. 相似文献