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91.
Mitotic chromosome biorientation in fission yeast is enhanced by dynein and a minus-end-directed, kinesin-like protein
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Chromosome biorientation, the attachment of sister kinetochores to sister spindle poles, is vitally important for accurate chromosome segregation. We have studied this process by following the congression of pole-proximal kinetochores and their subsequent anaphase segregation in fission yeast cells that carry deletions in any or all of this organism's minus end-directed, microtubule-dependent motors: two related kinesin 14s (Pkl1p and Klp2p) and dynein. None of these deletions abolished biorientation, but fewer chromosomes segregated normally without Pkl1p, and to a lesser degree without dynein, than in wild-type cells. In the absence of Pkl1p, which normally localizes to the spindle and its poles, the checkpoint that monitors chromosome biorientation was defective, leading to frequent precocious anaphase. Ultrastructural analysis of mutant mitotic spindles suggests that Pkl1p contributes to error-free biorientation by promoting normal spindle pole organization, whereas dynein helps to anchor a focused bundle of spindle microtubules at the pole. 相似文献
92.
Holly A. Little Ekaterina Papadopoulou Sue A. Hammar Rebecca Grumet 《Sexual plant reproduction》2007,20(3):123-136
Sexual diversity expressed by Curcurbitaceae species is a primary example of developmental plasticity in plants. Ethylene,
which promotes femaleness (carpel development), plays a key role in sex determination. We sought to determine the critical
location for ethylene perception in developing floral primodia. The dominant negative Arabidopsis ethylene response mutant
gene, etr1-1, was introduced into melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants under control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, or floral-targeted Apetela3 (AP3) and Crab’s Claw (CRC) promoters, which in Arabidopsis, promote expression in petal and stamen, and carpel and nectary primordia, respectively.
Based on effects of exogenous ethylene, it was predicted that inhibition of ethylene perception by carpel primordia would
inhibit carpel development. Constitutive expression of etr1-1 caused several phenotypes associated with ethylene insensitivity, verifying that etr1-1 inhibits ethylene perception in the heterologous melon system. Carpel-bearing bud production was essentially abolished in
35S::etr1-1 melons, providing direct demonstration of the requirement for ethylene perception for carpel development. CRC::etr1-1 plants, however, showed enhanced femaleness as manifested by earlier and increased number of carpel-bearing buds, and production
of female (rather than bisexual) buds. Despite increased carpel-bearing bud formation, a greater proportion of the CRC::etr1-1 carpel-bearing buds aborted before anthesis. AP3::etr1-1 plants showed increased maleness by nearly exclusive staminate flower production, and poorly developed carpels in the rare
bisexual flowers. These results indicate that ethylene perception by the stamen (or petal) primordia plays a critical role
in promoting carpel development at the time of sex determination, while ethylene perception by the carpel is important for
maturation of carpel-bearing flowers to anthesis. 相似文献
93.
Fgf3 is required for dorsal patterning and morphogenesis of the inner ear epithelium 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hatch EP Noyes CA Wang X Wright TJ Mansour SL 《Development (Cambridge, England)》2007,134(20):3615-3625
The inner ear, which contains sensory organs specialized for hearing and balance, develops from an ectodermal placode that invaginates lateral to hindbrain rhombomeres (r) 5-6 to form the otic vesicle. Under the influence of signals from intra- and extraotic sources, the vesicle is molecularly patterned and undergoes morphogenesis and cell-type differentiation to acquire its distinct functional compartments. We show in mouse that Fgf3, which is expressed in the hindbrain from otic induction through endolymphatic duct outgrowth, and in the prospective neurosensory domain of the otic epithelium as morphogenesis initiates, is required for both auditory and vestibular function. We provide new morphologic data on otic dysmorphogenesis in Fgf3 mutants, which show a range of malformations similar to those of Mafb (Kreisler), Hoxa1 and Gbx2 mutants, the most common phenotype being failure of endolymphatic duct and common crus formation, accompanied by epithelial dilatation and reduced cochlear coiling. The malformations have close parallels with those seen in hearing-impaired patients. The morphologic data, together with an analysis of changes in the molecular patterning of Fgf3 mutant otic vesicles, and comparisons with other mutations affecting otic morphogenesis, allow placement of Fgf3 between hindbrain-expressed Hoxa1 and Mafb, and otic vesicle-expressed Gbx2, in the genetic cascade initiated by WNT signaling that leads to dorsal otic patterning and endolymphatic duct formation. Finally, we show that Fgf3 prevents ventral expansion of r5-6 neurectodermal Wnt3a, serving to focus inductive WNT signals on the dorsal otic vesicle and highlighting a new example of cross-talk between the two signaling systems. 相似文献
94.
Alexander L Chernorudskiy Alejandro Garcia Eugene V Eremin Anastasia S Shorina Ekaterina V Kondratieva Murat R Gainullin 《BMC bioinformatics》2007,8(1):126
Background
Post-translational protein modification with ubiquitin, or ubiquitylation, is one of the hottest topics in a modern biology due to a dramatic impact on diverse metabolic pathways and involvement in pathogenesis of severe human diseases. A great number of eukaryotic proteins was found to be ubiquitylated. However, data about particular ubiquitylated proteins are rather disembodied. 相似文献95.
The effect of moisture content and temperature on water diffusion into a modified high amylose (< or = 90%) maize thermoplastic starch blend was investigated. Gravimetric and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were conducted to elucidate the diffusion mechanism and diffusion coefficients for this system. The diffusion coefficient data demonstrated that the rate of water diffusion into this blend was significantly dependent upon temperature and moisture content. Water diffusion was faster at higher temperatures and generally for samples stored at higher relative humidity environments. It was revealed from the gravimetric data that water diffusion into this starch blend was Fickian; however, further analysis of the MRI images found that the water diffusion mechanism was exponentially dependent on the concentration. This result was determined by comparing experimental water concentration profiles to a theoretical model calculated using the implicit Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. 相似文献
96.
Ukraintsev Alexander A. Belousova Ekaterina A. Kutuzov Mikhail M. Lavrik Olga I. 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2022,87(4):331-345
Biochemistry (Moscow) - Reaction of (ADP-ribosyl)ation catalyzed by DNA-dependent proteins of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) family, PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3, comprises the cellular response... 相似文献
97.
FRIZZY PANICLE Drives Supernumerary Spikelets in Bread Wheat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oxana Dobrovolskaya Caroline Pont Richard Sibout Petr Martinek Ekaterina Badaeva Florent Murat Audrey Chosson Nobuyoshi Watanabe Elisa Prat Nadine Gautier Véronique Gautier Charles Poncet Yuriy L. Orlov Alexander A. Krasnikov Hélène Bergès Elena Salina Lyudmila Laikova Jerome Salse 《Plant physiology》2015,167(1):189-199
98.
99.
Natalia A. Kryukova Ekaterina A. Chertkova Alexandra D Semenova Yuri I. Glazachev Irina A. Slepneva Victor V. Glupov 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》2015,90(3):117-130
Ectoparasitoids inject venom into hemolymph during oviposition. We determined the influence of envenomation by the parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor, on the hemocytes of its larval host, Galleria mellonella. An increase in both intracellular Са2+ content and phospholipase C activity of the host hemocytes was recorded during 2 days following envenomation by the parasitoid. The decreased hemocyte viability was detected 1, 2, and 24 h after the envenomation. Injecting of the crude venom (final protein concentration 3 μg/ml) into the G. mellonella larvae led to the reduced hemocyte adhesion. The larval envenomation caused a decrease in transmembrane potential of the hemocytes. These findings document the suppression of hemocytic immune effectors in the parasitized host larvae. 相似文献
100.
Alexey?V. Krasnoslobodtsev Yuliang Zhang Ekaterina Viazovkina Alexander Gall Chad Bertagni Yuri?L. Lyubchenko 《Biophysical journal》2015,108(9):2333-2339
Immobilization is a key step involved in probing molecular interactions using single-molecule force spectroscopy methods, including atomic force microscopy (AFM). To our knowledge, we describe a novel approach termed flexible nanoarray (FNA) in which the interaction between the two internally immobilized amyloid β peptides is measured by pulling of the tether. The FNA tether was synthesized with nonnucleotide phosphoramidite monomers using the DNA synthesis chemistry. The two anchoring points for immobilization of the peptides inside the tether were incorporated at defined distances between them and from the ends of the polymer. Decamers of amyloid β peptide capable of dimer formation were selected as a test system. The formation of the peptide dimers was verified by AFM force spectroscopy by pulling the tether at the ends. In these experiments, the thiolated end of the FNA tether was covalently immobilized on the AFM substrate functionalized with maleimide. The other end of the FNA tether was functionalized with biotin to form a noncovalent link with the streptavidin functionalized AFM tip during the approach stage. The dimers’ rupture fingerprint was unambiguously identified on the force curves by its position and the force value. The FNA design allowed reversible experiments in which the monomers were allowed to associate after the rupture of the dimers by performing the approach stage before the rupture of the biotin-streptavidin link. This suggests that the FNA technique is capable of analyzing multiple intermolecular interactions in the same molecular complex. The computational analysis showed that the tethered peptides assemble into the same dimer structure as that formed by nontethered peptides, suggesting that the FNA tether has the necessary flexibility to enable assembly of the dimer even during the course of the force spectroscopy experiment. 相似文献